MODAL VERBS
present past negative form meaning
can could can't vedieť, môcť
could could have done couldn't mohol by
to be able to I was able to... not to be able to... môcť, byť schopný,
I managed … zvládnuť
may may have done may not môcť, smieť/ možno
might might have done might not môcť/ možno
to be allowed to... I was allowed to... I am not allowed to... môcť/mať povolené
must must have done mustn't Príkaz: musieť
had to
have to... had to... don't have to... musieť – menej prísne než
have got to (informal) had got to... don't have got to... „must“;so zákonmi
need need have done needn't musieť, byť potrebné
to be supposed to... I was supposed to... I am not supposed to... Byť predpokladaný niečo
spraviť,
povinnosť: mať niečo
be obliged to... I was obliged to... I am not obliged to... spraviť
shall - won't Bud.č. ([Link]. jč.a mč.)
should should have done shouldn't mal by si
ought to... - oughn't to... mal by si
had better (tell) had better not ... had better not (tell) strong advice: mal by si
(vždy vo forme min. času:
had better)
to be bound to... I was not bound to... I am not bound to... Isto/ určite by si mal
(možnosť)
to be likely to... I was likely to... I am not likely to... asi / asi by som mal...
will would won't Budúci čas
would would have done wouldn't by...
1. can – schoponsť, vedomosť (I can speak English)
možnosť (You can call me.)
povolenie (We can go to the pub.)
2. could - min.č. od can (I could go to the theatre.)
zdvorilostné: mohol by ( Could you open the window please?)
3. could have done - nezrealizované možnosti v minulosti (I could have gone to the university.)
4. to be able to - môcť, byť schopný, zvládnuť (I was able to pass exams last July.)
5. may - zdvorilé môcť, smieť (May I smoke here?)
možno = maybe/perhaps (He may not agree.)
6. might - zdvorilé môcť (Might I use your car?)
možno – menej isté než may (It might rain.)
7. to be allowed to - môcť/ mať povolené (I was allowed to park here yesterday.)
8. must - príkaz: musieť (You must do your homework before you go out.)
9. have to/ have go to... - menej prísne musieť (I have to call you. I've got to call you)
so zákonmi (Children have to go to school until they're 16. It is a law.)
10. need - musieť (Need I come tomorrow? - Je to naozaj potrebné? Musím?)
! nemusieť (You needn't lock the car.)
! plnovýznamové sloveso: potrebovať (I need to buy some sugar.)
! plnovýznamové sloveso : nepotrevovať (I don't need to buy sugar.)
11. to be supposed to... - byť predpokladaný niečo spraviť; povinnosť: mať niečo spraviť
(You are supposed to take responsibility for yourself when you're 18.)
nesmieš (You aren't supposed to park on bouble yellow lines.)
[Link] - 1os. jč. a mč. bud. čas (Shall I go with you? Shall we go with you?)
13. should - mal by si (You should study harder.)
14. ought to- mal by si (You ought to understand.)
15. had better - strong advice (She'd better start to study to pass her exam.)
16. to be bound to - možnosť - isto/určite by si mal
(You are bound to pass your exam, don't worry. - určite by si mal spraviť
tie skúšky)
17. to be likely to - asi/ asi by som mal
( I am likely to call home. - Asi by som mal zavolať domov./Asi zavolám.)
18. will - budúci čas: náhlale rozhodnutia, neplánovaná budúcnosť, 1. podmienková veta
(I'll see you later.)
19. would - by (I would be pleased to go with you. - Rada by som šla s tebou.)
