Answer key - D-3264

Third semester BSc Degree Examination, December – 2017

CRFDP under CBCSS Groub 2(b) Electronics
Elective Course
EX1361.1 CONTROL SYSTEMS (2013 admission onwards)

1. System definition – 1mark

When a number of elements of components are connected in a sequence to perform a
specific function, the group thus formed is system
2. Concept 1 mark
Physical copy of an object. The object being modelled may be small or large.
3. If the differential equation describing the model – 1mark
4. Open loop and closed loop ½ mark each
5. Accuracry, rejection of disturbance signals, low sensitivity to parameter variations,
reduction in gain ½ mark for any two total 1 mark
6. Characteristics are linear in dc but nolinear in ac. Any one 1 mark
7. In a control system, a synchro will provide a voltage for conversion to torque through
an amplifier and a servomotor – 1 mark
8. Mason's gain formula (MGF) is a method for finding the transfer function of a linear
signal-flow graph (SFG)
9. A summing point has only one output and is equal to the algebraic sum of the inputs.
Concept 1 mark
10. Poles and Zeros of a transfer function are the frequencies for which the value of the
denominator and numerator of transfer function becomes zero respectively

PART B:

11. Poles and Zeros of a transfer function are the frequencies for which the value of the
denominator and numerator of transfer function becomes zero respectively - Pole
zero plot any model - 1 mark each
12. The general effect of adding poles should shift the locus toward the right sideof the s-
plane and lowers the stability. 1 mark for one point
13. A stability test for time invariant linear systems can also be derived in the frequency
domain. It is known as Nyquist stability criterion. It is based on the
complex analysis result known as Cauchy's principle of argument. Note that the
system transfer function is a complex function – concept – 2 mark
14. Series compensation and feed back or parallel compensation – 2 mark( 1 +1)
15. Low cost, accuracy of data, intensive and exhaustive data, organization of data,
suitable in limited resource - etc- 2 mark
16. The Jury stability criterion is a method of determining the stability of a linear discrete
time system by analysis of the coefficients of its characteristic polynomial
17. Root locus construction rules for digital systems are same as that of continuous time
systems. – locate the poles and zeros, determine real axis, angle of asymptotes test
points and root locus, etc..2 mark
18. H(z) = y(z) /u(z) = b1z−1 + b0z−2/ 1 + a1z−1 + a0z− transfer function valid format – 2
mark
19. Phase margin is defined as the amount of additional phase lag at gain crossover
frequency required to bring the system to verge of instability. Concept -2mark
20. Advantages
Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion is a mathematical test that is a necessary and
sufficient condition for the stability of LTI system.
disadvantages
It is valid only if the Characteristic equation is algebraic.(2) If any co-efficient of
the Characteristic equation is complex or contains power of ‘e’ thiscriterion
can not be applied.(3) It gives information about how many roots are lying in
the RHS of S-plane; values of the roots are not available. Also it cannot
distinguish between real & complex roots
21. In the construction of routh array a row of all zero indicated the existence of an even
polynomial as factor of the given characteristic equation. In an even polynomial the
exponents of s are even integers or zero only. This even polynomial factor is called
auxiliary polynomials – 1 mark order - 1mark
22. Damping ratio is defined as the ratio of the actual damping to the critical damping.—
depending the value the system can be classified to four cases – 2 mark

PART C.
23. Polynomial given has to be arranged
4S4+2S2+S+2 = 0 - --characteristic equation – 1 mark
Concept of stability – 1 mark
Routh hurwitzz criterion format – 1mark
Result – 1 mark
24. Equation closed loop transfer function – 1mark
Response in s domain – G(s) = R(s). 3/(s+1)(s+3) – 1 mark
Input is unit step R(s) = 1/s
Therefore C(s) = 1/s x G(s)
Partial fraction method
Response of unity feedback system answer – 2 mark
25. Concept of lead compensator – 1 mark
The signal noise ratio at the output of the lead compensator is poorer than its input,
phase lead requires more than 60 degree, A lead compensator basically a high pass
filter and it amplifies high frequencies.---- related points should mention – 3 mark
26. Mechanical system with diagram – 2 mark
Electro mechanical system with diagram - 2 mark
27. Concept of sampled data control system – A hybrid control system in which signal at
some points are continuous and at some points they digital is called sampled data
control
 A type of digital control system in which one or more of the input or output signals is
a continuous, or analog, signal that has been sampled. Related concepts 4 mark

28. Characteristic equation - 1 mark

There are 4 roots – 1st row having even powers and 2nd row having odd powers of s.
Arranging and division of polynomial 1 mark
Result ----1 mark. Reason – 1 mark ( unsstable because coeff. S2 is -1 Please workout
if different contact me)
29. A serious limitation of this Routh-test is that, when any row of 15 the Routh-array has
zero as its first element, the tabulation cannot be continued. the Routh Approximants
obtained from these Routh-arrays will not have finite values. the procedures used to
test stabilitv of systems No. using general Routh-array have very serious limitations in
connection 1 with stability test and the approximation of systems - 3 mark
All the coefficient are in the left half and should be positive – easy find stability 1
mark
30. Transfer function eqation – 1 mark
Mapping - 1 nark
Plot – mark
Steps -1 marjk

31. the Nichols plots displays. ... In feedback control design, the plot is useful for
assessing the stability and robustness of a linear system. This application of the
Nichols plot is central to the Quantitative feedback theory (QFT) of Horowitz and Sidi,
which is a well known method for robust control system design – concept 3 mark,
Graph 1 mark

PART - D

32. Concept of Nyquist stability – 2 mark

Mapping of section C – 2 mark
Graph – 2
Stability analysis - 5
Conclusion from analysis - 5
33. Masons gain formula concept and equation – 4 (2+2)
Overall gain formula –
T = 1/∆ ∑𝑛𝑘=0 Pk ∆k
Explanation of terms – 2
Signal flow graph – 6
Transfer function - 3

34. Concept of signal flow graph – 2 mark

Functional dependence of one signal upon another
Incoming signal will transmit all outgoing branch
Mixed nods
 Uniqueness
Name and explanation 3 mark each – (if name only 1mark),
Graph -1 mark
35. Bilinear transformation concept - 3mark
Explanation how transformation maps the points – 2 mark
Explanation how to find stability – 5
Any example – 3
Concept of stability and discrete time system- 2

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