12

MiKTEX and advanced LATEX

Day 2
Marko Boon
October 3, 2006

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12
Part 2: LATEX for experienced users
• customising list structures
• automatic calculation of column widths
• use non-standard headers and footers
• change chapter and section title appearance
• change table of contents appearance
• create an interactive PDF file from your LaTeX document
• create a master index
• citations and a bibliography
• including programming statements in your LaTeX document
• create a PDF slide show or poster
• Using TrueType Fonts in LATEX

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Special Characters – Quotation Marks
Single quotes are produced with: ‘ ’
Double quotes are produced with: ‘‘ ’’
Avoid using the double quote character "

He said: ‘Hello world’.

He said: ‘‘Hello world’’.
He said: "Hello world".
He said: ‘Hello world’.
He said: “Hello world”.
He said: "Hello world".

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Special Characters – Hyphens and Dashes
To create – characters of different length, just repeat the - character:
- is called hyphen
-- is called en dash
--- is called em dash
- is called hyphen
– is called en dash
— is called em dash

The minus sign is obtained by entering math mode (which will be discussed
later):
$3 - 4 = -1$
3 − 4 = −1

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Special Characters – Command Characters
As mentioned before, the characters # $ ~ _ ^ { } % are interpreted
as commands.
To print them as text, give a command consisting of \ plus that character:
\# \$ \~ \_ \^ \{ \} \%
#$˜_ˆ{}%

To print a backslash, use the command \textbackslash: \

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Special Characters – Accents
Diacritical marks or accents can be created with LATEX:
\‘e \’e \^o \"o \~o \=o \v{s} \c{c}
be\"invloeden
het re\"ele deel
Cura\c{c}ao
è é ô ö õ ō š ç
beïnvloeden
het reële deel
Curaçao

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Special Characters
The package textcomp defines a lot of special characters. First we have to
load this package in the preamble:
\usepackage{textcomp}
Now we can use all the special characters:
\texteuro \copyright \textcelsius
€©℃

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Special Characters
Special symbols can be entered directly, but only if the right input encod-
ing is specified. The input encoding depends on the type and language of
the operating system. We have to load the package inputenc to specify the
correct encoding:
\usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc}

beïnvloeden, reëel, Curaçao

ƒ © ¥ §
beïnvloeden, reëel, Curaçao
€ƒ©¥§

Please note that some of these characters also require the textcomp package.

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The Euro Symbol: €
The package textcomp defined the \texteuro command which shows a
Euro symbol: €.
Adobe created a font containing better looking euro symbols which also con-
tains bold, italic and serif versions. To use these symbols, load the package
europs. Now we can use the following commands:

\EURofc – creates the official Euro symbol: €

\EUR{} – creates a Euro symbol depending on the current text style

Bold: €
Italic: €
Sans-serif: €

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Displaying Text
Changing Font Style
The following commands and declarations change the current font style:
Command Declaration Result
\emph \em emphasised
\textrm \rmfamily Roman font family
\texttt \ttfamily Typewriter font family
\textsf \sffamily Sans serif font family
\textup \upshape Normal, upright font shape
\textit \itshape Italic font shape
\textsl \slshape Slanted font shape
\textsc \scshape S MALL C APS FONT SHAPE
\textbf \bfseries Boldface font weight
\textmd \mdseries normal (medium) font weight

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Changing Font Style – Example

This is normal text with one \textit{italic} word.

{\sffamily This whole \itshape line is \textbf{sans}
serif.}

\textbf{\textit{Bold and italic}}

Do you see the difference?

\emph{emphasised}, \textit{italic}, \textsl{slanted}

This is normal text with one italic word. This whole line is sans serif.
Bold and italic
Do you see the difference? emphasised, italic, slanted

This is an italic sentence containing an emphasised word.

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Customising List Structures
The package paralist makes it easy to create compact list structures that can
easily be configured. It defines three new environments:
\begin{compactdesc} \end{compactdesc}
\begin{compactitem} \end{compactitem}
\begin{compactenum} \end{compactenum}

Labels can be adjusted using the commands:

\setdefaultitem{level1}{level2}{level3}{level4}
\setdefaultenum{level1}{level2}{level3}{level4}

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Customising List Structures
Example:
\setdefaultitem{}{$\triangleright$}{$\blacksquare$}{}
\begin{compactitem}
\item first level
\begin{compactitem}
\item second level
\end{compactitem}
\end{compactitem}

\setdefaultenum{1)}{a.}{i)}{A}
\begin{compactenum}
\item first level
\begin{compactenum}
\item second level
\end{compactenum}
\end{compactenum}
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Customising List Structures
• first level
 second level
1) first level
a. second level

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Automatic Calculation of Column Widths
The tabularx package defines a new column type X which is similar to p, but
whose width will be computed automatically.
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|l|c|X|X|}
...
\end{tabularx}

Left Center The width of this column The width of this column
will be computed automati- will also be computed auto-
cally by the tabularx package matically. The width is equal
to the width of the third col-
umn.
L C The width of this column The width of this column
will be computed automati- will also be computed auto-
cally by the tabularx package matically.

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Automatic Calculation of Column Widths
The tabulary package defines four new column types: L, C, R, J (= Justified).
The widths of these columns will be based on their content.
\begin{tabulary}{\textwidth}{|l|c|L|J|}
...
\end{tabulary}

Left Center The width of this The width of this column will also be
column will be computed automatically. The width
computed is not equal to the width of the third
automatically by the column because this cell contains
tabulary package. more text.
L C The width of this The width of this column will also be
column will be computed automatically.
computed
automatically

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Non-standard headers and footers
The package fancyhdr (previously known as fancyheadings) defines com-
mands that let you control headers and footers:
\lhead{...} \chead{...} \rhead{...}

\lfoot{...} \cfoot{...} \rfoot{...}

If you want to distinguish between odd and even pages, it becomes slightly
more complicated:
\fancyhead[RO, LE]{...}

\fancyfoot[C]{...}
L = Left, C = left, R = right, O = odd, E = even.

You have to specify that pagestyle should be fancy (instead of plain or empty).

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fancyhdr - Example
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\fancyhead[CE]{\sffamily\leftmark}
\fancyhead[CO]{\sffamily\rightmark}
\fancyfoot[RO]{\thepage\ of \pageref{LastPage}}
\fancyfoot[LE]{\thepage\ of \pageref{LastPage}}

\renewcommand\chaptermark[1]{%
\markboth{\chaptername\ \thechapter\ #1}{}}
\renewcommand\sectionmark[1]{%
\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\renewcommand\headrulewidth{0.4pt}
Please note that the LastPage reference is only available if you load the pack-
age lastpage. You have to LATEX your document twice before it works.

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fancyhdr - Example

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Chapter and section title appearance
The package titlesec lets you control the appearance of chapter, section, sub-
section and subsubsection headings. The general command is:
\titleformat{cmd}[shape]{fmt}{label}{sep}{bef}[aft]

cmd the heading command name (\chapter, \section, . . .).

shape The basic shape for the heading. Predefined shapes are hang (sec-
tion default), runin (paragraph default), display (chapter default),
frame (display, framed), leftmargin, rightmargin.
fmt the declarations that are applied to the whole title.
label the formatting of the label (the heading number).
sep the distance between the label and title text.
bef code executed immediately preceding the heading text.
aft optional code to be executed after formatting the heading.
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titlesec - Example
\usepackage{titlesec}
\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
{\normalfont\sffamily\bfseries%
\centering\huge}
{{\titlerule[2pt]}\vspace{2mm}%
\fontsize{72pt}{72pt}\selectfont%
\thechapter}
{0mm}{}[{\titlerule[2pt]}]
\titleformat{\section}[hang]
{\normalfont\sffamily\bfseries%
\centering\large\titlerule}
{\thesection.}{1ex}{}[\titlerule]

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titlesec - Example

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Change table of contents appearance
Adding a line to the table of contents manually:
\addcontentsline{ext}{type}{text}
where ext is the extension of the file (toc, lof, lot), type is the kind of con-
tents entry (chapter, section, figure, table) and text is the text to be written.
Example:
\clearpage
\phantomsection
\appendix
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Appendix}
This code adds the word "Appendix" to the table of contents. The command
\phantomsection is only necessary if you use the package hyperref. It
fixes a bug in hyperref (reference to the wrong page).

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Change table of contents appearance
The command \contentsname defines the title of the table of contents
(default: Contents). You can change it by redefining this command:
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of contents}

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Change table of contents appearance
The package titletoc provides commands to change the appearance of the
table of contents:
\titlecontents{type}[left]{above}{format1}
{format2}{pagenr}

type the type of contents line (chapter, section, . . . ).

left space left of the chapter/section name.
above code to be executed before the entry (usually adding vertical space).
format1 format for numbered entries (regular chapters). Usually this ends
with the command \contentslabel{width} where width is
the width of the column with numbers.
format2 format for numberless entries (like appendix).
pagenr the filler and page number. You can use the \titlerule com-
mand for dotted fillers.
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titletoc - Example
\titlecontents{chapter}[0.7cm]
{\vspace{0.3cm}}
{\sffamily\bfseries\Large\contentslabel{0.7cm}}
{\sffamily\bfseries\Large\hspace{-0.7cm}}
{\sffamily\bfseries\Large\hfill\contentspage}

\titlecontents{section}[2cm]
{}
{\sffamily\contentslabel{1.3cm}}
{}
{\titlerule*[1mm]{.}\sffamily\contentspage}

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titletoc - Example

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12
Frontmatter and mainmatter
In books it is very common to start the "real" page numbering at the page of
the first chapter. The pages before the first chapter have roman page num-
bering (i, ii, iii, iv, . . . ). The book document class defines two commands to
ensure this.
Put this command right before \begin{document} to start roman page
numbering:
\frontmatter
Put this command right before the first chapter to start regular page num-
bering (starts at 1):
\mainmatter
You can manually set the page number with the command
\setcounter{page}{17}

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Create an interactive PDF file
If you load the package hyperref, the DVI and PDF file created from your
LATEX document will be interactive. Added interactivity is:
• all internal references will be clickable (including the table of contents).
• you can create external links (e.g. to web pages).
• you can create a list of bookmarks in your PDF document.
Usage is simple: just add the line
\usepackage{hyperref}
to your document (always load this package after all the other packages!).

A useful new command, similar to the HTML <a href="..."> </a>

command is:
\href{URL}{description}

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Customizing hyperref
You can customize the appearance of hyperlinks in your document using
the command \hypersetup:
\definecolor{mycolour}{rgb}{0.19,0.54,0.92}
\hypersetup{
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=mycolour, urlcolor=mycolour,
pdfpagemode=UseOutlines,
bookmarksopen=true,
bookmarksnumbered=true,
plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels,
pdftitle={Snow white and the seven dwarfs},
pdfauthor={Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm.}
}
You have to include the package color to use \definecolor. You can use
WinEdt’s colour-picker to find RGB values of a selected colour.
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hyperref - Example

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12
Distinguishing between LATEX and PDFLATEX
The command \hypersetup also affects the DVI and PostScript file. Usu-
ally you want the printed version of your document to be black and not inter-
active, while the PDF version supports interactivity and has coloured links.
The package ifpdf defines a command \ifpdf that can be used to distin-
guish between LATEX and PDFLATEX.
\ifpdf
\hypersetup{
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=mycolour,
urlcolor=mycolour
}
\else
\hypersetup{
colorlinks=false
}
\fi
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Creating a master index
To create a master index, just follow these steps:
1. include the package makeidx.
2. add the command \makeindex before \begin{document}
3. add words to the index with the command \index{word}. Please note
that this command does not display the word. It might be useful to
define a command:
\newcommand{\idx}[1]{#1\index{#1}}

4. put the following commands at the location where you want the index:
\newpage\cleardoublepage
\printindex

This makes sure that the index will start on an odd page.
5. run LATEX twice, then run makeindex and run LATEX again.
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Special index formats
Use this to point to another word:
\index{looking-glass|see{mirror}}
Use this to make the page number bold:
\index{forest|textbf}
Use this to make sub categories:
\index{plan!first}
\index{plan!second}
Use this to span multiple pages:
\index{Snow white|(}
\index{Snow white|)}

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Citations and a bibliography
Step 1: the bibliography file
1. create a new empty file in WinEdt and save it with the .bib extension.
2. add all books, articles etc. to this file using
Insert −→ BibTeX Items −→ book/article/report/. . .
3. fill in all fields (only the capitalized fields are required)
Please note that this is a general file that can be used from any LATEX docu-
ment.

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The bibliography file - Example
@BOOK{snowwhitedisney,
AUTHOR = {Liza Baker},
TITLE = {Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs},
PUBLISHER = {Disney Press},
YEAR = {1999}
}
@ARTICLE{artayres,
AUTHOR = {{Brenda von} Ayres},
TITLE = {The Poisonous Apple in Snow White:
Disney’s Kingdom of Gender},
JOURNAL = {The Emperor’s Old Groove:
Decolonizing Disney’s Magic Kingdom},
YEAR = {2003},
volume = {11},
pages = {39 - 50}
}

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Citations and a bibliography
Step 2: the bibliography style
Use the command \bibliographystyle{style} in your LATEX docu-
ment to define the style. This style will determine the appearance of the
bibliography. Valid styles are:
unsrt a simple bibliography style that uses numbers as references.
plain the same as unsrt, but he bibliography will be sorted.
abbrv the same as plain, but the author’s first name is abbreviated.
alpha creates a sorted bibliography. References are first 3 letters of the
author’s last name plus the year (e.g. Ayr03).
natbib creates a sorted bibliography using customizable author-date refer-
ences. Requires the package natbib.
chapterbib allows separate bibliographies for each chapter.

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Citations and a bibliography
Step 3: the citations
In your LATEX document you can use the \cite{ref} command to insert
a citation. Only bibliography entries that are being referred to, will be in-
cluded in the bibliography. You can add entries that are not being referred
to using the \nocite{ref} command.

If you want all references to be right:

1. LATEX,
2. BibTEX,
3. LATEX (2×).

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The command \bibliography{filename} will print the bibliography.
Please notice: no extension .bib in the filename!
For more details, see \cite{gevers93,jcw86}.

\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{referenc}

bibliographystyle formatting instructions

bibliography reference to external file containing the actual references.

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Natbib
The package natbib offers new bibliography styles and citation commands.
\citet[post-note]{key-list}
\citet[pre-note][post-note]{key-list}
\citet creates a reference for textual citation
\citep creates a reference for parenthetical citation:
\citet[chapter 2]{snowwhitedisney}
\citep[chapter 2]{snowwhitedisney}
Baker (1999, chapter 2) ↔ (Baker 1999, chapter 2)

Bibliography styles defined in natbib:

agsm popular style with round parentheses.
chicago same as agsm, but allows ambiguous citations.
(Goossens et al. (1997) can refer to different books with Goossens
as first author among other authors)
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Using External Bibliography Managers
• Search engines like MathSciNet can search for articles and generate
BibTEX format.
• Several programs exist to manage citations:
– JBibtexManager (written in Java)
– BibTexMng (for Windows)
– EndNote (Windows, commercial)
– Reference Manager (Windows, TU/e has a license)

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12
Export from EndNote to BibTEX
EndNote is a popular, but commercial, reference manager with online
search tool, which can create bibliographies. It is written for Windows and
especially for usage with Word. But it also has a BibTEX export functionality:
• Edit =⇒ Output Styles =⇒ Open Style Manager
• Check BibTeX Export
• Close Window
• Edit =⇒ Output Styles =⇒ BibTeX Export
Now you can Copy-Paste, or Export to plain text in BibTEX format.

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Export from Reference Manager to BibTEX
Reference Manager can be installed from the TU/e Library Web Site.
• Mark all items that you want to export
• Bibliography =⇒ Generate From Reference List
• Output Style: click the Browse button
• Select BiBTeX.os
• Save as RTF file, which can be opened in Word and exorted to plain text.

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Including programming statements
The package listings formats listings. It defines the following commands:
• \lstlisting{...} for inline programming statements.
• \begin{lstlisting} ... \end{lstlisting} for multi-line
listings.
• \lstinputlisting{filename} imports a complete source file

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Customizing listings
Using the command \lstset you can customize the language and appear-
ance of the listing:
\lstset{
language=Java,
basicstyle=\color{black}\ttfamily,
commentstyle=\color{green}\itshape\ttfamily,
keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries\ttfamily,
showstringspaces=false,
frame=single, % boxed listings
backgroundcolor=\color{white}
}
Supported languages: too many to mention. Included are Basic, C, C++,
Delphi, Fortran, HTML, Java, Mathematica, Matlab, Pascal, Perl, PHP, SAS,
SQL, TeX, VBScript, XML.

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12
Customizing listings
Alternatively, you can specify options like this:
\definecolor{myyellow}{rgb}{1.00,1.00,0.50}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Pascal,
backgroundcolor=\color{myyellow}]
readln(N);
for i := 1 to N do
begin
writeln(random)
end
\end{lstlisting}

readln(N);
for i := 1 to N do
begin
writeln(random)
end
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Create a PDF slide show or poster
The package pdfscreen was written for PDF slide show presentations. Un-
fortunately this package contained some bugs, so another package was writ-
ten: tuepdfscreen. This package can be used to create PDF slide shows. The
default appearance is in the TU/e style (colours, fonts) but this can be mod-
ified. In fact, any Powerpoint style can be converted to PDF which makes it
suitable for TU/ePDFScreen.
Very important: TU/ePDFScreen can only be used with PDFLATEX, not with
LATEX!
Detailed information about TU/ePDFScreen can be found in the file
C:\MiKTeX\localtexmf\examples\presentatie\slides.tex
This file contains information about all features, like navigation buttons,
page numbering, page transitions, step-by-step appearance of lists, includ-
ing pictures and movies.
This style can also be used for posters. See:
C:\MiKTeX\localtexmf\examples\presentatie\poster.tex

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Converting your LATEX document to a slide show

1. make sure that your document runs with PDFLATEX.

2. include the line
\usepackage{tuepdfscreen}
3. specify the background image using the \overlay{file} command.
4. use the slide or slidetop environments to divide your text into different
slides.
5. if want pages to appear in multiple steps, use the \pause command to
define breaks.
6. run PDFLATEX on the file.
7. if you used the \pause command, run the program AddPause that can
be found in the MiKTEX Start Menu program group.

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Converting your LATEX document to a slide show
\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\section{Mathematics}

\begin{eqnarray*}
\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} &=& 1\\

\sum_{k=0}^\infty x^k &=& \frac{1}{1-x} (|x| < 1)

\end{eqnarray*}

\end{document}

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12
Converting your LATEX document to a slide show
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tuepdfscreen}
\overlay{tuebgkuk}
\begin{document}
\begin{slide}
\section{Mathematics}

\begin{eqnarray*}
\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} &=& 1\\
\pause
\sum_{k=0}^\infty x^k &=& \frac{1}{1-x} (|x| < 1)
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{slide}
\end{document}

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Presentations using the Beamer class
The beamer class is a class that has become kind of a standard for beamer
presentations. It has a huge number of features, including animations, easy
creation of handouts, displaying slides in several steps, two displays etc.. It
is highly custumizable using themes. Beamer has five kind of themes:
1. presentation themes: the overall theme that loads the other themes
2. color themes: define the colors
3. font themes: define the fonts
4. inner themes: define how elements are typeset, like enumerations, block
environments, theorems, table of contents
5. outer themes: define the “border” of the slides: head and footlines.
A theme tue has been written for beamer, so you can create presentations
in the TU/e style using the beamer class. See the beamer package documen-
tation or the TU/e beamer documentation for more information.

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Using TrueType Fonts
The MiKTEX CD-ROM contains a program called TTF2LTX that converts
TrueType fonts to Type 1 PostScript fonts that can be used in LATEX.
1. start TTF2LTX and select a font
2. choose a name for this font in LATEX
3. in your LATEX document, use \fontfamily{name}\selectfont to
use this font.
Warnings:
• not all font shapes (bold, italic) might be available,
• not all font sizes might be available,
• for some fonts the conversion might fail completely!

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Using TrueType Fonts - Example
Install the fonts Old English Text MT (oldengl.ttf) and Kunstler Script (kun-
stler.ttf) in Windows:
go to Control Panel −→ Fonts.
Then select File −→ Install new font. Select the TTF files and install them.

Convert these fonts to LATEX fonts, and give them the following names:
oldenglish and kunstler. Renew the font family defaults:
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{kunstler}
\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{oldenglish}
Don’t forget to load the package fontenc with the T1 option!

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Using TrueType Fonts - Example

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