Running head: UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE 1

Universal Healthcare – Annotated Bibliography

Kayla Y. Mendoza

University of Texas at El Paso

Macaia, D., & Lapão, L. V. (2017). The current situation of human resources for health in the

province of Cabinda in Angola: is it a limitation to provide universal access to

healthcare?. Human Resources For Health, 15(1), 88. doi:10.1186/s12960-017-0255-7

In the journal article for enlightenment and political insight, Doctors Macaia D. and

Lapão, L. V. discuss the current trends and conditions existing in the basic access and

usage of healthcare in Cabinda from as early as 2011 up until the end of their

observations in 2017. All information provided was conducted through local surveys in

medical settings and close observations of Cabinda's current political policies regarding

medical treatments and overall wellness. The article ultimately concludes that even

throughout the province the general application of universal healthcare is not fairly

available to everyone but has still proven to be widely popular and effective where it does

stand.

Both Macaia, D., & Lapão, L. V. are medical professionals speaking on the behalf of the

possibility of a broader society with an effective healthcare system all with strictly

educational intentions. The publication was made through a Portugal University and

published through a BioMed and widely read medical journal, all for the purpose of

furthering the statistics covering the grossing political game that is Universal healthcare.

This is extremely relevant to my research due to the fact that even though it may be a

foreign community, the overall conditions of the health of a person would remain the

same no matter the place and is showing multiple benefits in many aspects such as

economic and political stability. Incorporating concise statistical information and success

rates is a great contributor to the argument that universal healthcare should be a more
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widely considered issue in the United states especially seeing that the information given

is a collective of the past seven years.

Sen, A. (2015, January 06). Universal healthcare: The affordable dream. Retrieved March 19,

2018, from [Link]

the-affordable-dream-amartya-sen

In the provided article many comparisons and close observations are made under the

intentions of providing any readers of the effectiveness of the healthcare policies set in

place in a few (struggling) countries. This is discussion is made by Amartya Sen, who

gathered and explained how all the research was done so that information like life

expectancy rates, effective treatment rates and specific disease mortality rates could be

compared, and a distinction can be made. One of the points made that leads to a clearer

understanding of the article was that of many of the larger issues that affect entire

countries were addressed such as the life expectancy on Thailand and the Ebola disease,

all of which were improved and or eliminated and treated through the new contributions

of the universal healthcare systems.

Sen is a well-respected Nobel Prize winning economist professor at Harvard University

who has made this article's publication through an investigative journalism outlet. The

overall credibility of the article is sound and even more so useful to any discussion of

implementing a universal healthcare system by looking at existing uses of the system.

The article also includes in depth descriptions of different medical cases, how they were
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treated and made available all while not directly promoting the system, just informing the

reader of the process and progress being made in three third-world countires.

Lai, R. N. (2013, August 20). The influence of socio-economic status and multimorbidity

patterns on healthcare costs: A six-year follow-up under a universal healthcare system.

Retrieved March 19, 2018, from

[Link]

This article is a study that expands on the world view of how Universal Health care

works and the comparison of its effectiveness and influence on the economy. As it is a

well written, fact-based research and informative article, it makes a clear point that most

of the countries not supporting the Universal Healthcare system only spend so much in

that same branch because the medical professionals are being paid so much, rather than

cycling the money back to the tax paying patients requiring attention. The most occurring

issue being highlighted is that of the cost of healthcare services and how those numbers

might compare to countries with differing policies regarding their citizen involvement

and economic standing.

The article was written by Raymond N Kuo and Mei-Shu Lai who are both well educated

in biological and health sciences, meaning they know what is being altered in terms of the

quality and ability to provide full, guaranteed services, and what is actually being

provided. This article was published through The International Journal for Equity in

Health, so many other medical professionals and researchers with the same opinions and

agendas have also reviewed it, not only that but as titled, the entire publication site strives
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through their attempts to inform the readers and enforce equity. I believe that this is a

very effective and reliable source that I can contribute to my semester topic to provide

background information due to the backed credibility and its sound argument and support

for bettering the system.

Lai, R. N. (2013, August 20). The influence of socio-economic status and multimorbidity

patterns on healthcare costs: A six-year follow-up under a universal healthcare system.

Retrieved March 19, 2018, from [Link]

69#citeas

This journal introduces a very broad observational standpoint where the economics behind

health care in multiple countries, including the US were researched and applied to the current

circumstances we are in today. The contributor, Lai, discusses many leading nations, many of

which already carry the Universal Healthcare System all from a global standpoint, allowing

for all numbers and costs to be evenly compared and how the issue of the healthcare policies

directly relate to the issue of multimorbidity throughout the world. The article is entirely

factual, and not once does it show any voice of opinion, it is nothing more than a large

comparison of numbers.

Lai is an affiliate with all aspects of medical professionalism out posting form Taiwan and in

regards to an overall institute with means to the security of national health. The information

provided is so general, yet relevant to the topic, it could essentially be used for either

supporting or waiving the introduction of the Universal Health care system into the United

States itself.
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Roberts, C. W., & Liu, H. (2014). On the Cultural Foundations for Universal Healthcare:

Implications From Late 20th-Century U.S. and Canadian Health-Related Discourse. Journal Of

Communication, 64(4), 764-784. doi:10.1111/jcom.12079

In this journal we are introduced to an already ongoing discussion covering the consistency and

thorough application of healthcare proposals and its comparison to the United States. The journal

focuses on the feedback and reactions from the citizens and audiences from across the border

regarding changes over a time period of nearly twenty years. The journal also reviews the

policies between the United States and Canada and reintroduces many informal questions that

prod to the United States' absence of a universal healthcare plan.

The collaboration between Roberts and Liu allows for a more precise and less biased opinion

regarding the two countries' political healthcare policies. The overall comparison of the two

neighboring countries would already be useful for an effective argument especially when being

brought to awareness in the actual effectiveness in the care and services provided through

different outlets. The data provided also goes back decades in order to provide a large overview

of the patterns which could also contribute to the standing of how long the United States has

been deprived of equal and quality care.