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Overview of Antihistamines and Medications

Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, which inhibits inflammatory responses like increased capillary permeability, edema, and wheal formation. They can also bind to central nervous system receptors, causing sedation. Common side effects include drowsiness, fatigue, and dry mouth. Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs that work by enhancing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. This decreases nerve impulse transmission in the brain. Side effects include drowsiness, ataxia, impaired memory, and paradoxical agitation. Low molecular weight heparins are anticoagulants that prevent blood clotting by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation

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Trisha Fae Loyola Balagot
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59 views1 page

Overview of Antihistamines and Medications

Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, which inhibits inflammatory responses like increased capillary permeability, edema, and wheal formation. They can also bind to central nervous system receptors, causing sedation. Common side effects include drowsiness, fatigue, and dry mouth. Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs that work by enhancing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. This decreases nerve impulse transmission in the brain. Side effects include drowsiness, ataxia, impaired memory, and paradoxical agitation. Low molecular weight heparins are anticoagulants that prevent blood clotting by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation

Uploaded by

Trisha Fae Loyola Balagot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ANTIHISTAMINES oxygenase, the enzyme responsible for prostaglandin

Action: synthesis, appears to be a major mechanism of action.


Antihistamines (H1 antagonists) inhibit vasoconstrictor May inhibit other mediators of inflammation (e.g.,
effects and vasodilator effects on endothelial cells of leukotrienes). Direct action on hypothalamus heat-
histamine. They block increased capillary permeability, regulating center may contribute to antipyretic effect.
formation of edema/wheal caused by histamine. Many
antihistamines can bind to receptors in CNS, causing Diarrhea, back pain, dizziness, heartburn, headaches,
primarily depression (decreased alertness, slowed nausea, abdominal pain
reaction times, drowsiness) but also stimulation
(restlessness, nervousness, inability to sleep). Some CARNICOR
may counter motion sickness.
Facilitate transport of fatty acid to mitochondria and
S/E: CETERIZINE used as an energy.
Headache, somnolence, fatigue, abdominal pain, dry
mouth LACOSAMIDE
ANTISEIZURE AND PREVENT NEUROPATHIC PAIN
BENZODIAZEPINES
Action: It is proposed that lacosamide's inhibition of sodium
Benzodiazepines are the largest and most frequently channels is responsible for analgesia. Lacosamide may
prescribed group of antianxiety agents. The exact be selective for inhibiting depolarized neurons rather
mechanism is unknown, but they may increase the than neurons with normal resting potentials. Pain and
inhibiting effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), nociceptor hyperexcitability are associated with neural
which inhibits nerve impulse transmission by binding to membrane depolarization. Lacosamide binds to
specific benzodiazepine receptors in various areas of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), a
the central nervous system (CNS). phosphoprotein which is expressed primarily in the
nervous system and is involved in neuronal
S/E: ALPRAZOLAM (XANOR) differentiation and control of axonal outgrowth. The
Drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, ataxia, slurred speech, role CRMP-2 of binding in seizure control is hasn't been
confusion, lack of coordination, impaired memory, elucidated.
paradoxical agitation, dizziness, nausea.
TRAMADOL
ANTIPLATELETS
Action:
Inhibits binding of enzyme adenosine phosphate (ADP)
to its platelet receptor and subsequent ADP-mediated
activation of a glycoprotein complex.

Bleeding, rash, pruritus, epistaxis

ANTICOGULANT (LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN)


Action:
Heparin (including low molecular weight heparin):
Indirectly interferes with blood coagulation by blocking
the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and
fibrinogen to fibrin.

Bleeding, thrombocytopenia, hematoma, increased ALT,


AST, nausea, bruising.

NSAID
Action:
Exact mechanism for anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
antipyretic effects unknown. Inhibition of enzyme cyclo-

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