The Dangers of Cigarette Smoking
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world.
Every year, thousands of Americans are diagnosed with lung cancer that was
brought about specifically from smoking.
Most smokers are bombarded with reasons to quit smoking every day, and
there are hundreds of quit smoking tips, quit smoking aids and quit smoking
support groups. However, none of the ways to quit smoking can work for you if
you are not ready to give up your habit. Knowing what cigarette smoking does
to you can help you make up your mind to begin your trek toward a healthier life.
People Should Smoking Stop Why?
Cigarette smoking is perhaps the worst thing you could do to your body. There have been a
variety of studies that show that smoking shortens your life by six minutes for every
cigarette you smoke. When you think about this in terms of packs a day, you are
shortening your life by two hours for every pack of cigarettes you smoke. That is quite a
sacrifice to make just for smoking.
Another reason to quit cigarette smoking is that it is expensive. Cigarette prices are always
on the rise as more and more sin taxes are added. In states such as New York, one pack of
cigarettes can cost more than seven dollars. If you add up all of that money, a pack a day
smoker could save more than two thousand dollars a year if he or she quit smoking.
Cigarette smoking individuals are also twice as likely to have heart attacks than non-
smokers. They are also five times as likely to die from these heart attacks than those who
do not smoke or who quit smoking at a young age.
Cigarette smoking stops circulation in some individuals, and this can lead to stroke. In fact,
smokers are five times more likely to suffer strokes than non-smokers. This is especially
dangerous if you are taking birth control pills, as the risk for stroke is even greater,
especially if you are over the age of thirty.
The most dangerous part of cigarette smoking, however, is what it can do to your lungs.
Smoking is leading cause of lung cancer in the world. Though non-smokers can also get
lung cancer, smokers greatly increase their chances beyond those of non-smoking
individuals. Smokers are also at risk for developing emphysema, an incurable breathing
disease.
Though cigarette smoking causes some irreversible damage, there is good news for those
who decide to quit smoking. It only takes ten years after you quit smoking before you
lungs return to normal. This means that if you quit smoking now, you can have a new lease
on life within ten years. In addition, the immediate effects of quitting smoking are even
more exciting.
Smoking is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. About
420,000 deaths occur each year as a result of smoking cigarettes. Individuals who smoke
are likely to develop peptic ulcer disease, and are more likely to develop cataracts, as
opposed to non-smokers. People, who smoke, are ten times more likely to die from larynx
cancer, esophagus, chronic obstructive lung disease, including emphysema. The risk
becomes even higher if cigarette smoking is combined with alcohol use or with occupational
exposure to certain types of toxic substances, such as asbestos.
Many individuals continue to smoke knowing these dangerous conditions, because they
believe that smoking has benefits like stress relief, anxiety, pleasure, or weight
maintenance, thinking that quitting smoking is difficult and won’t be an easy task to
accomplish. Individuals who quit smoking however have a significantly lower life expectancy
than continuing smokers. When smokers can quit at a young age, it is a huge benefit
because they are exposing themselves relatively to fewer cigarettes.
Smokers experience symptoms such as persistent coughing, chest pain, and breathlessness.
The fear of dying is what leads a lot of people to stop smoking cigarettes. It takes 2 or 3
serious efforts before this mission can be accomplished and sometimes may take even
longer. Smoking cessation is usually a learning process in which mistakes made in the first
attempt help improve odds of success during the next attempt. It is a slow process, which
requires hard work. When the person finally hits the actual “quitting day”, the person stops
smoking and it can be called as the final stage.
Many doctors give advice to all ex-smokers to avoid alcohol temporarily after quitting, since
drinking alcoholic beverages seems to induce relapses in cigarette smoking. Because
smokers use cigarettes to relieve anger, anxiety, and frustrations; quitting often makes it
difficult to get through their daily routine. Those people may want to visit a psychologist,
who may help them cope with their new problems or concerns.
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In keeping with the health principles behind our health and wellness products,we consistently try to
increase awareness that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health! Smoking shortens your life
span and steeply increases your chances of getting cancer. Despite consistent warnings on the
dangers of smoking, we still see cigarette brands aggressively advertized on TV and more people
buying into the glamorized image of cigarettes. The warnings are everywhere – subway stations,
anti-smoking TV ads and even on the packs of cigarettes themselves! We certainly know the
dangers that cigarette smoking pose to our health. Why then do we still see celebrities with their
requisite cigarette sticks? Why do we see teenagers hanging out with a cigarette dangling from their
lips? If you are a smoker, why don’t you stop smoking? Here are five reasons why you need to quit
smoking today.
Smoking is bad for your health – Aside from lung cancer, smoking is also considered as a major
cause of cardiovascular diseases. Smoking is also linked to cancers of the bladder, mouth, and
throat just to name a few. It also raises blood pressure and increases risk of cataracts. In addition,
smoking may contribute to fertility problems.
Smoking can break your relationships – Non-smokers prefer non-smoking partners due to obvious
reasons. For one, they don’t want to expose themselves to second-hand smoke. Non-smokers also
hate the smell of cigarette, which usually clings to a smoker’s body even after they have washed
their hands.
Smoking looks so out of style – The days of looking “cool” while puffing a cigarette is long gone.
Nowadays people are more educated on the risk of smoking. Still, a lot of people, especially young
adults, think that lighting up a cigarette will make them appear better than their peers.
Smoking is more expensive than quitting smoking – You will be surprised to know how much you are
actually spending for cigarettes. Do a quick online search for “smoking calculator” to find out. On the
other hand, seminars and programs that will help you quit smoking will set you back just a couple of
hundred dollars at most.
It's not as hard as you may think to stop smoking – Every smoker will tell you that it’s hard to quit,
when in actuality it’s not. They just don’t want to quit. If you put your mind and heart to it, with a little
help from family and friends, you can kick that nasty habit once and for all.
On the other hand, if you have decided to quit smoking our health articles will provide you with
impetus to start and take solid steps to leading a nicotine free life! Read our posted health articles
and be enlightened. Another one, some of the health website can provide for you with pertinent
information, advice, tips, and other alternative means to overcome your smoking. If there are other
concerns and experiences that you would like to share with other smokers feel free to contribute
your feedback and comments to them.
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Cigarette_Smoking_is_Dangerous_to_Your_Health.html
Introduction
Cigarettes damage the body--gradually and insidiously--in a number of
different ways. Over the years, the American Council on Science and Health
and others have documented the effects. One popular argument the scientific
community often makes to encourage smokers to quit stems from the
conjecture that all of the health effects of smoking are reversible shortly after
cessation, regardless of the duration or intensity of the smoking exposure.
Unfortunately, this conjecture is not true.Teenagers, in particular, may be
overly complacent about smoking because they believe--incorrectly--that they
can smoke for a few years and then quit without suffering any long-term
effects. This complacency is especially troubling in light of the recent finding,
reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that teen
smoking rates have increased by nearly a third within the last six years.
Teen smokers who believe that all the health hazards of cigarettes will
disappear in a puff of smoke when they quit--who assume that smoking from,
say, age 16 to age 28 will have no long-term effects--often fall back on an "I
can always quit tomorrow" (or next month or next year) philosophy. They
trust--mistakenly--that any adverse health consequences they may incur
during their smoking years will disappear when, eventually, they stop lighting
up. But another recent study has reported that the quitting success rate
among teenagers is very low: Less than 16 percent of the 633 teen smokers
in the study were able to kick the habit.
Cigarettes and Public Health
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United
States. It accounts for almost 500,000 deaths per year, or one in every five
deaths. Cigarette smoking contributes to a remarkable number of diseases,
including coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, peripheral vascular disease, peptic ulcer disease, and many types
of cancer. Of the 46 million smokers in the United States, 34 percent try to quit
each year--but less than 10 percent succeed. According to the CDC,
approximately 80 percent of current adult smokers began smoking before their
18th birthday. Each day over 3,000 teenagers light up for the first time. Most
teens are aware of smoking's hazards, but few are worried about them.
Moreover, most teen smokers quickly become addicted to nicotine: They
report that they want to quit but are unable to do so. And teen smokers
experience high relapse rates and debilitating withdrawal symptoms. The
bottom line is that smoking is costly, both to individual smokers and to society
as a whole: Recent long-term studies indicate that about half of all regular
cigarette smokers will eventually die from their addiction.
A study of civilians was conducted by Dr. Petter Lundborg, an economist at
the Free University of Amsterdam. Lundborg examined data on a nationally
representative sample of 14,272 workers, ages 16 to 65, in Sweden.
Lundborg analyzed sick days taken between 1988 to 1991 using information
from a social insurance database. He found smokers averaged 34 sick days
annually, compared to 25 sick days a year for former smokers and 20 for
nonsmokers. In his analysis, Lundborg controlled for health problems among
all participants and found health problems were not the only cause of
smokers' absenteeism. "I found that health problems accounted for about two
days and something," said Lundborg. "The remaining eight days are probably
explained by something other than health. There are a number of possible
explanations for the difference," he said, "There might be personal
characteristics that we can't observe." Likewise, Conway and fellow
researchers in a study of women in the U.S. Navy noted "Cigarette smoking
might simply be a 'marker' for other underlying factors (e.g., non-conformity,
high risk-taking) that contribute to poorer performance in the military."
Conway and colleagues examined data on 5,487 women who enlisted during
a one-year period beginning in March 1996. "Compared with never-smokers,
daily smokers at entry into the U.S. Navy had subsequent career outcomes
consistently indicating poorer job performance (e.g., early attrition prior to
serving a full-term enlistment, more likely to have a less-than-honorable
discharge, more demotions and desertions, lower achieved pay-grade and
less likely to re-enlist)," they wrote.
"Tobacco use is of particular concern to the U.S. Department of Defense
because, historically, the military has had higher and heavier rates of tobacco
use than civilians," wrote the researchers. The Pentagon health survey found,
among members of the U.S. military, smoking increased from 30% in 1988 to
34% in 2002 -- the first recorded rise since 1980.
Among the U.S. population in general, smoking has steadily decreased since
1965. In 1965, 42.4% of American adults were smokers, compared to 20.9%
in 2004. This decline began after the Surgeon General's first report on the
dangers of smoking in 1964. This warning could have been made earlier -- in
1957 and again in 1959 then-Surgeon General Leroy Burney was the first
federal officer to publicly state smoking was a cause of lung cancer.
Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke
Here is a partial list of the chemicals in commercially manufactured cigarettes.
The first part lists chemicals known to cause cancer, called carcinogens:
Dimethylnitrosamine
Ethylmethylnitrosamine
Nitrosopyrrolidine
Hydrazine
Vinyl Chloride
Urethane
Formaldehyde
Other Toxic Agents:
Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Acrolein, Acetadehyde, Nitrogen
oxides, Ammonia, Pyridine, Nitric acid, Mathylamine, Hydrogen
cyanide, Indole, 3-hydroxypyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Acr
olein, 1,3-Butadiene, mg, Nitrous acid, isoquioline, Isoamylamine, 3-
Cyanopyridine.
This is only a partial list. They put these chemicals in cigarettes to reduce tar
while maintaining the level of nicotine necessary to keep them addictive.
Keeping the tar down helps to calm people's fears about health risks. Since
the companies are free of any supervision they are not compelled to reveal
the chemicals they use. But recent breaks in the wall of secrecy have
revealed that cigarettes are only about 40% tobacco, and 60% other junk.
Secondhand Smoke
Smokers scorn nonsmokers' disgust for cigarette smoke, saying they're just
"jumping on the bandwagon," or being PC, or being fussy wimps. Here's the
point: Cigarette fumes contain harmful chemicals. That is why being trapped
in cigarette smoke is not like being trapped in a portable toilet. It's not the
smell, it's the instantaneous physical, somatic reactions. It's like the difference
between the air in a barnyard and the air in an unventilated garage with an
idling diesel bus. The first is merely unpleasant, the second is poisonous. The
physical reaction (sweaty palms, nausea, headache) all warn of danger, and
urge whoever to get into some fresh air immediately.
In days of old canaries were kept in coal mines, because if there was coal gas
in the air, the canaries would die more quickly than the miners, alerting them
to the danger. Coal gas and cigarette smoke are both inescapable when they
permeate the local air. And it didn't take government studies to come to this
conclusion. Non-smokers have always sensed it, but had no corroborating
evidence, until now. Here's the latest information from the U.S. Occupational
Safety and Health Administration.
How
muc
h
Compone mor
nt e is
(Known or in
probable
carcinoge side
ns) stre
am
smo
ke
1 to
Polonium 4
-210 time
s
Benzo[a] 2.5
pyrene to
3.5
time
s
3
Hydrazin
time
e
s
3 to
1,3
6
butadien
time
e
s
5 to
10
Benzene
time
s
6 to
N-
30
nitrosopy
time
rrolidine
s
7.2
Cadmiu
time
m
s
13
to
Nickel 30
time
s
20
N-
to
nitrosodi
100
menthyla
time
mine
s
Aniline 30
time
s
2- 30
Naphthyl time
amine s
4- 31
Aminobip time
henyl s
up
N- to
nitrodieth 40
ylamine time
s
Irreversible Health Effects
With smoking, the reversibility of health effects is influenced by many factors.
Among those factors are smoking exposure (the number of cigarettes per day
and the duration of smoking) and physiologic susceptibility. The presence of
other diseases, genetic variables, and even nutritional factors also enter into
susceptibility assessment. Quitting brings benefits at any age, but there are
"threshold" amounts of smoking that irreversibly increase the risk for some
diseases.
The good news is that quitting prolongs life and reduces the risk of tobacco-
related cancers, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Current knowledge of the irreversible
effects of smoking, organized by organ systems, follows.
Respiratory System
Smoking directly irritates and damages the respiratory tract. Each year a one-
pack-a-day smoker smears the equivalent of a cup of tar over his or her
respiratory tract.This irritation and damage cause a variety of symptoms,
including bad breath, cough, sputum production, wheezing, and respiratory
infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. These effects can be reduced,
but not entirely reversed, by quitting.
Smoking is the principal risk factor for developing COPD--i.e., chronic
bronchitis and emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by permanent
structural changes in the lung tissue. The deterioration in lung function
associated with COPD is directly related to duration of smoking and the
number of cigarettes smoked ("pack-years"). Smoking during childhood not
only increases the risk of developing COPD in adulthood but also lowers the
age of its onset. Cigarette smoking during childhood and adolescence
increases the number and severity of respiratory illnesses. It also causes
retardation in the rate of lung development and in the level of maximum lung
function--and retardation in lung growth during childhood means that the lungs
may never attain normal function and development.
Everyone--smoker and nonsmoker alike--experiences a slow decline in lung
function starting at about age 30. In smokers this gradual decline starts both
from a lower baseline and at an earlier age. Smokers suffer from decreased
lung reserve: They are unable to run--or even walk--as far or as fast as their
peers who have never smoked. Smokers thus can expect permanently
impaired lung function relative to their nonsmoking peers. With sustained
abstinence from smoking, the rate of decline in pulmonary function among
smokers returns to normal; but lung reserve remains decreased relative to
those who have never smoked. Quitting improves pulmonary function by
about 5 percent within a few months of cessation, and COPD mortality rates
decline among quitters versus continuing smokers. A recent study in more
than 10,000 boys and girls aged 10 to 18 confirmed that cigarette smoking is
associated with mild airway obstruction and slowed growth of lung function.
The study, which covered a period of 15 years, also demonstrated that girls
are more susceptible than boys to smoking's adverse effects on the growth of
lung function. Smoking-induced chronic irritation of the respiratory lining and
the wide variety of carcinogens in cigarette smoke induce permanent changes
in the cells lining the respiratory tract. These changes can lead to cancer.
Cigarette smoking is, in fact, the major cause of lung cancers of all major
histologic types. During the past half century, lung cancer rates have
dramatically increased in women, to the extent that lung cancer is now the
leading cause of cancer death in women, exceeding both breast cancer and
colon cancer. (Smoking has, of course, been the leading cause of cancer
death in men for decades.) This increased female mortality parallels the
increase in cigarette smoking among women.
Smoking cessation reduces lung cancer risk by 30 percent to 50 percent 10
years after quitting, and the risk continues to decline with further
abstinence. The risk in ex-smokers always remains increased compared to
that in nonsmokers, however. It is now known that almost 50 percent of all
lung cancers are diagnosed in ex-smokers, and this finding is not surprising in
view of the fact that there exist a "plethora of studies demonstrating a lag
between smoking initiation and increased incidence of lung cancer of several
decades."
One recent study noted that 75 percent of ex-smokers showed changes in
their DNA indicative of precancerous lesions, as compared to only 3 percent
of people who had never smoked. At the May 1998 meeting of the American
Lung Association, data were presented showing that former smokers
continued to develop lung cancer at rates 11 to 33 times higher than
nonsmokers. The data also showed that the shorter the time since quitting,
the higher was the ex-smoker's risk. Increased risk was still noted in former
smokers after more than 20 years of abstinence, however.
Heart and Circulation
Premature coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important medical
consequences of smoking. Smoking acts both independently of and
synergistically with other major risk factors for heart disease. Sadly, sudden
death may be the first sign of CHD--and sudden death is four times more
likely to occur in young male cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers. Women
who use both cigarettes and oral contraceptives increase their risk of
developing CHD tenfold. The excess risk of coronary heart disease is halved
in quitters (as compared to continuing smokers) one year after cessation,
but the risk level doesn't return to that of nonsmokers until 15 years after
quitting. In a recent study of atherosclerosis, the progression of fatty deposits
in the carotid artery was found to be dependent on total pack-years of tobacco
exposure, rather than on the patient's current smoking status. This finding
indicates that atherosclerosis progression may also be cumulative and
irreversible, at least after some degree of baseline exposure.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke, causes brain damage that usually
leaves its victims with permanent disabilities. Smokers' excess risk for stroke
appears to return to that of nonsmokers within 5 to 15 years of cessation. One
recent study suggests, however, that an ex-smoker's risk remains high for at
least 20 years after cessation. In addition, it was recently learned that the
incidence of "silent strokes"--events that are harbingers of both severe strokes
and dementia--is increased in anyone who has ever smoked.
Finally, smoking is a strong risk factor for several types of blood-vessel
disease. Smoking causes poor circulation to the legs by narrowing the blood
vessels that supply these extremities. Quitting reduces, but does not
eliminate, this risk. Once it becomes symptomatic, such circulatory impairment
often requires surgical intervention.
Eyes and Vision
Two recent studies published in the Journal of the American Medical
Association tracked 50,000 smokers for approximately 12 years. The studies
found a two- to three-fold increased rate among both smokers and ex-
smokers of developing macular degeneration, an irreversible form of
blindness. The risk was significant even among those who had quit smoking
15 or more years earlier. Researchers speculate that smoking causes vision
loss by restricting blood flow to the eye. Cataracts (clouding of the lens) are
another visual problem associated with cigarette smoking. A recent study
showed a 40-percent higher rate of cataracts among 3,600 people who had
ever smoked, as compared to nonsmokers.
Mouth and Throat
Cigarette smoke irritates the eyes, nose, throat, and gums. These tissues
respond by thickening and by undergoing cellular changes that can eventually
lead to mouth, throat, or esophageal cancer. Gum disease and tooth loss are
also common among smokers. Quitting halves the risk for cancers of the oral
cavity and esophagus during the first five years after cessation, but ex-
smokers always have an increased risk as compared to the risk in those who
have never smoked. Cigarette-smoke irritants can also permanently damage
the tissues of the larynx. The effect of this is a noticeable deepening and
hoarseness in the voices of chronic smokers. Quitting reduces the risk of
developing laryngeal cancer. Vocal-cord polyps (non-cancerous growths) are
also strongly related to tobacco exposure, and such polyps rarely disappear
without surgery.
Genito-Urinary Tract
Smoking causes bladder and kidney cancer. It is, in fact, the strongest risk
factor known for developing bladder cancer. An ex-smoker's risk of bladder
cancer is reduced by one half within a few years after quitting, but a higher
risk of developing these cancers remains for decades.
Digestive Organs
Smoking decreases esophageal sphincter pressure. The decrease in pressure
allows acid to reflux from the stomach into the esophagus. This can lead
to esophagitisand to permanent esophageal stricture (or narrowing). Smoking
is also a risk factor for pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. The risk of
pancreatic cancer is somewhat reduced 10 years after quitting; ex-smokers
remain at higher risk indefinitely, however. The relationship between cigarette
smoking and colon cancer has only recently become clearer. Two large,
prospective American studies have detected such a relationship, but a recent
Swedish study detected no such relationship in smokers observed for 20
years. The American researchers felt that it might take as long as 35 years for
the colon cancers secondary to smoking to appear: In a study that looked at a
large group of people who had smoked for as few as 10 years, the American
researchers detected progressively more severe colonic lesions with
increasing time after quitting.
Musculoskeletal System
Smoking is associated with osteoporosis (thinning of the bones due to loss of
bone minerals) in women, and with spinal disk disease in both sexes. Lost
bone calcium cannot be fully recovered, and degenerative bony changes are
irreversible. Osteoporosis predisposes to fractures and is responsible for
much disability, especially in elderly women. A recent meta-analysis of 29
studies involving almost 4,000 hip fractures concluded that one of every eight
fractures was attributable to smoking,although the rate was lower for ex-
smokers than for current smokers.
Reproduction
Infertility is more common among smokers but is not irreversible. The damage
done to smokers' babies during pregnancy often is irreversible,
however. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with dire consequences for
the baby as a fetus, as a newborn, and even as a child. Recognition of the
evidence of this damage has prompted researchers to designate it as "fetal
tobacco syndrome." Miscarriage is two to three times more common in
smokers, as are stillbirth due to fetal oxygen deprivation and placental
abnormalities induced by the carbon monoxide and nicotine in cigarette
smoke. Smokers have a fourfold risk of having a low birthweight baby; such
babies are more likely than normal-weight babies to have impaired physical,
emotional, and intellectual development.
The authors of a 1996 study found that women who smoked during pregnancy
were 50 percent more likely to have a child with mental retardation of
unknown cause than were nonsmoking women. Sudden infant death
syndrome is significantly associated with smoking, as is impaired lung function
at birth. Women who quit smoking as late as the first trimester may diminish
some of these risks, but the risk of certain congenital malformations--such as
cleft palate--is increased even in women who quit early in pregnancy.
The Skin
Smoking causes premature facial wrinkling through vasoconstriction of the
capillaries of the face (vasoconstriction decreases the flow of oxygen and
nutrients to facial skin cells). The effect of this reduced blood flow is visible in
deep crow's feet radiating from the corners of the eyes and pale, grayish,
wrinkled skin on the cheeks. These effects may emerge after as few as five
years of smoking and are largely irreversible, except through costly and
traumatic facial surgery.
Conclusion
There should be no illusions as to the dangers of cigarettes. The combination
of a highly addictive, pharmacologically active substance--nicotine--and an
array of noxious chemicals cunningly packaged in a highly efficient delivery
mechanism can permanently and drastically affect health. People who smoke
for as brief a period as 10 years, show a substantially higher rate of death,
disease, and disability. Risks to the respiratory system, especially, and risks of
cancer continue to plague the ex-smoker for years after quitting. Smokers
should not delude themselves that they can smoke safely for 10 to 15 years
and then--if they are among the lucky few who can quit--become as healthy
and risk-free as if they had never smoked at all. The risks faced by smokers
are well-documented; for a truly comprehensive guide to those risks, see the
groundbreaking ACSH book, Cigarettes: What the Warning Label Doesn't Tell
You.
In summary, the following irreversible health effects have been proven to be
associated with smoking:
* Retardation in the rate of lung development and lung function--i.e.,
decreased lung reserve--in childhood and adolescent smokers, as well as a
markedly increased risk of developing COPD.
* Cancer risk: 75 percent of ex-smokers show DNA changes suggestive of
tumor development; 50 percent or more of lung cancers are now being
diagnosed in ex-smokers.
* Circulatory impairment to the heart, brain, and legs.
* Visual impairment and loss.
* Vocal-cord polyps (growths) and hoarseness.
* Bone mineral loss (osteoporosis), hip fractures, and spinal arthritis.
* Serious health consequences for children born to smoking mothers.
* Premature facial wrinkling and graying of the skin after as few as five years
of smoking.
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