TEXT BOOK
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1 .1 Encircle the correct answer from the given choices.
i. The number of base units in SI are:
a) 3 b) 6 c) 7 d) 9
ii. Which one of the following unit is not a derived unit?
a) Pascal b) kilogram c) Newton d) watt
iii. Amount of a substance in terms of numbers is measured in;
a) Gram b) kilogram c) Newton d) mole
iv. An interval of 200µs is equivalent to:
a) 0.2 s b) 0.02 s c) 2 x 10-4 s d) 2 x 10-6
v. Which one of the following is the smallest quantity?
a) 0,01 g b) 2 mg c) 100 µg d) 5000 ng
vi. Which instrument is most suitable to measure the internal diameter of the test tube?
a) Meter rule b)vernier callipers c) measuring tap d) screw gauge
vii. A student claimed the diameter of a wire as 1.032 cm using vernier calipers. Up to which extent do
you agree?
a)1 cm b)1.0 cm c)1.03cm d) 1.032 cm
viii. A measuring cylinder is used to measure
a) Mass b) area c) volume d) level of a liquid
ix. A student noted the thickness of a glass sheet using a screw gauge. On the main scale, it
reads 3 divisions while 8th division on the circular scale coincides with index line. Its thickness
is
a) 3.8 cm b) 3.08 mm c) 3.8 mm d) 3.08 m
x. Significant figures in an expression are:
a) All the di gits
b) All the accurately know digits
c) All the accurately known digits and the first doubtful digit
d) All the accurately known and all the doubtful digits
EXERCISE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1.2 What is the difference between base quantities and derived quantities? Give three
examples in each case.
BASE QUANTITES DERIVED QUANTITES
The physical quantities which form the Physical quantities which can be described
foundation for other physical quantities are in terms of base quantities are known as
called base quantities. derived quantities.
OR OR
The quantities on the basis of which other The quantities which depends upon base
quantities are expressed quantities
Examples Examples
Length, time, mass force, area, volume
1.3 Pick out the base units in the following:
Joule, Newton, kilogram, hertz. Mole, ampere, meter, Kelvin, coulomb and watt.
Base units :
Kilogram (unit of mass)
Mole (unit of quantity of substance)
Ampere (unit of electric current)
Meter (unit of length)
Kelvin (unit of temperature)
1.4 Find the base quantities involved in each of the following derived quantities:
(a) Speed (b) Volume (c) Force (d) Work
For Speed
As we know Speed = Distance/Time
Unit of Speed = Unit of Distance/Unit of Time
Unit of Speed = m/s = ms-1
For Volume
As we know Volume = Length x Breadth x Height
Unit of Volume = unit of Length x unit of Breadth x unit of height
Unit of Volume = m x m x m = m 3
For Force
As we know Force = m x a
Unit or force = unit of mass x unit of acceleration
Unit of force = kg x ms-2 = kg ms-2
For Work
As we know Work = F x S
Unit of work = unit of force x unit of distance
Unit of work = kg ms-2 x m
Unit of work = kg m2 s-2
1.5 Estimate your age in seconds.
My age is 15 years
Age in days = 15 x 365 = 5475 days
Age in hours = 5475 x 24 = 131,400 hours
Age in minutes = 131,400 x 60 = 7,884,000 minutes
Age in seconds = 7,884,000 x 60 = 473,040,000 seconds = 4.73 x 108 seconds
1.6: What role SI units have played in the development of science?
With the developments in the field of science and technology, the need for a commonly
acceptable system of units was seriously felt all over the world particularly to exchange
scientific and technical information.
The eleventh general conference on weight and measures held in Paris in 1960 adopted a
world-wide system of measurements called International system of units. (S.I)
1.7: What is meant by vernier constant?
"The difference between one main scale division and one vernier division is called
vernier constant. This is the minimum length which can be measured accurately with the help
of a vernier scale. That is why it is called the least count of vernier callipers".
1.8: What do you understand by the zero error of a measuring instrument?
In Vernier Calipers, if the zero of the main scale does not coincide with the zero of the
vernier scale then the error is called zero error. So our measurement would be lesser or greater
than the actual value.
1.9 Why is the use of zero error necessary in a measuring instrument?
The use of Zero error is necessary in measuring instrument to take correct measurements and
to know how accurate our instrument itself is.
1.10 What is a stopwatch? What is the least count of a mechanical stopwatch you have used
in the laboratories?
It is an instrument use to measure the time interval or specific period of an event is known
as stop watch. A mechanical stop watch used in laboratories can measure a time interval up to
a minimum 0.1 second (least count = 0.1 s).
1.11: Why do we need to measure extremely small interval of times?
In order to get more accurate results we need small interval of times.
OR
Instantaneous time rate of change of variable is calculated with the help of small interval of time.
1.12: What is meant by significant figures of a measurement?
In any measurement, all the accurately known digits and first doubtful digit is known as
significant figure. It reflect the precision of measured value of a physical quantity.
1.13 How is precision related to the significant figures in a measured quantity?
An improvement in the quality of measurement by using better instrument increases the significant
figure in the measured result. The significant figures are all the digits that are known accurately
and the one estimated one. More significant figure means greater precision.
```` NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1. 1 Express the following quantities using prefixes.
(a) 5000 g
(b) 2000 000 W
(c) 52 x 10-10 kg
(d) 225 x 10 -8 s
a) 5000 g = 5 x 103 g = 5 kg
b) 2000 000 W = 2 x 106 W = 2 MW
c) 52 x 10 -10 kg = 5.2 x 10 1 x10-10 x 103 g = 5.2 x 10-6 g = 5.2 µg
d) 225 x10 - 8 s = 2.25 x 102 µg x10-8 s = 2.25 x 10-6 = 2.25 µs
1.2: How do the prefixes micro, nano and pico relate to each other?
Ans: 1 Pico = 1 p = 10-12
1 Nano = 1 n = 10-9
1 micro = 1 p = 10-6
I n = 1000 p = 10 3 p
1 µ = 1000 n = 10 3 n = 10 6 p
1.3 Your hairs grow at the rate of lmm per day. Find their growth rate in nms-1.
Ans: Rate of growth = lmm/day
As 1 mm = 1000000 nm
And 1 day = 24 x 60 x 60 s
= 1000000
24x60x60
= 11.57 nms-1
1.4 : Rewrite the following in standard form.
(a) 1168 x 10 -27
(b) 32 x 105
(c) 725 x 10 - 5 kg
(d) 0.02 x 10 - 8
Ans:
(a) 1.168 x 103 x 10-27 = 1.168 x 10-24
(b) 3.2 x 101 x 105 = 3.2 x 106
(e) 7.25 x 102 x 10-5 x 103 =7.25g
(d) 2.0 x 10-2 x 10-8 = 2.0 x 10-10
1. 5 Write the following quantities in standard form.
a) 6400 km
b) 380 000 km
c) 300 000 000 ms-1
d) seconds in a day
Ans:
(a) 6400km = 6.4 x 103 km
(b) 380,000 = 3.8 x 105 km
(c) 300 000 000 ms-1 = 3.0 x 108 ms-1
(d) I day = 24 x 60 x 60s = 86400 s = 8.64x 10 4s
1.6 On closing the jaws of a vernier callipers, zero of the Vernier scale is on the right to
its main scale such that 4 th division of its vernier scale coincides with one of the main
scale division. Find its zero error and zero correction.
Ans: Number of divisions of Vernier scale = 4
Least count of Vernier callipers = 0.01 cm
Zero error = 4 x 0.01 cm = +0.04 cm
As zero of the Vernier scale is at the right side of the zero of the main scale so zero error
will be positive.
So Zero correction = - 0.04 cm
1 .7 A screw gauge has 50 divisions on its circular scale. The pitch of the screw gauge is
0.5 mm. What is its least count?
As least count = pitch of screw guage
Number of circular scale divisions
Least Count = 0.5mm = 0.01 mm = 0.001 cm
50
1..8: Which of the following quantities have three significant figures?
(a) 3.0066 m
(b) 0.00309 kg
(c) 5.05 x 10.27 kg
(d) 301.0 s
Ans: b and c
1 .9: What are the significant figures in the following measurements?
(a) 1.009 in (b) 0.00450 kg (c) 1.66 x 10-27 kg (d) 2001 s
Ans:
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 3
(d) 4
1.10 A chocolate wrapper is 6.7 cm long and 5.4 cm wide. Calculate its area up to
reasonable number of significant figures.
Ans: Given data:
Length of chocolate wrapper = l = 6.7 cm
Width of chocolate wrapper = w = 5.4 cm
Required:
Area of chocolate wrapper = A =?
Solution:
As we know that
Area =length x width
By putting the values we have
Area = 6.7 x 5.4 = 36.18 cm2
Result:
As the least number of significant figures in observed measurements are 2 So area = 36cm2
