AS 2200—2006

AS 2200—2006

Australian Standard™

Design charts for water supply and

sewerage
This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee PL-045, Plastics Pipe
Systems Test and Calculation Methods. It was approved on behalf of the Council of
Standards Australia on 13 October 2005.
This Standard was published on 16 January 2006.

The following are represented on Committee PL-045:

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology
Certification Interests (Australia)
Energy Networks Association
Engineers Australia
Master Plumbers, Gasfitters and Drainlayers New Zealand
New Zealand Water and Waste Association
Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia
Plastics New Zealand
Water Services Association of Australia

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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 00340.

 AS 2200—2006

Australian Standard™

Design charts for water supply and

sewerage

First published 1978.

Reprinted 1982.
Second edition 2006.
This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 7084 3
 AS 2200—2006 2

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the Joint Standards
Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee, PL-045, Plastics pipe systems test and
calculation methods to supersede AS 2200—1978.
After consultation with Stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards
New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian, rather than an
Australian/New Zealand Standard.
The objective of this Standard is to provide designers of pipelines for the conveyance of
water and sewerage, with a set of charts and mathematical formulae for the determination of
flow characteristics.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and figures are deemed to be
requirements of this Standard. Other notes are for information and guidance only.
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 3 AS 2200—2006

CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. 4
1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 5
2 DERIVATION OF CHARTS...................................................................................... 5
3 HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF PIPES—COLEBROOK-WHITE FORMULA................ 7
4 HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF PIPES—MANNING FORMULA .................................. 7
5 DEPTH/FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF PIPES PART FULL ................................ 7
6 RESISTANCE AND ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS............................................... 7

APPENDIX A EXAMPLES—COLEBROOK-WHITE CHARTS ......................................... 23

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 AS 2200—2006 4

FOREWORD
The pipe-flow charts in this Standard are based on the Manning formula and the
Colebrook-White formula. These two formulae were chosen as they represent those most
commonly used for pipeline design in Australia. Designers will need to make their own
choice as to which formula they wish to adopt.
It must be realized that the charts and formulae on which they are based may have
limitations on the range of velocities, diameters and roughness coefficients to be used. They
may be inaccurate particularly where the parameters used are outside the conditions upon
which the formulas were originally based. A guide to roughness coefficients for various
pipe materials is given in Table 2.
The Colebrook-White formula is regarded by many hydraulic design experts throughout the
world as the most accurate basis for hydraulic design. It has had ample experimentation
confirmation over wide conditions of flow.
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 5 AS 2200—2006

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Design charts for water supply and sewerage

1 SCOPE
This document provides design charts for the flow of liquid through pipes and fittings based
upon surface roughness, diameter, velocity and hydraulic gradient. The resistance
coefficients of fittings are also included.
The use of computer spreadsheets and programmable calculators has allowed the
determination of pipe flow and head loss to be made without the use of charts. Where the
unknown factor is the hydraulic gradient, this can be determined either by successive
approximation using the Colebrook-White formula or by use of Moody’s approximation to
the Colebrook-White transition formula.
Therefore the charts provided in this document are for approximate evaluations only. For
critical calculations the mathematical formulae must be used.

2 DERIVATION OF CHARTS
2.1 Formulae
The design charts are based on the following formulae:
(a) Manning:
1 0.67 0.5
V = R S
n
or
0.3950 0.67 0.5
V = D S
n
(b) Colebrook-White:

 k 1.255v 
V = −(32 gRS ) log
0.5
+ 

 14.8 R R(32 gRS )
0.5
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
or

 k 2.51v 
V = −2(2 gDS ) log
0.5
+ 
0.5 
 3.7 D D(2 gDS ) 
where
n = Manning roughness coefficient
k = Colebrook-White roughness coefficient, in metres
V = velocity, in metres per second
R = hydraulic radius, in metres, ( = D/4 for circular pipes)
D = circular cross-section pipe, inside diameter, in metres
S = slope, in metres per metre

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 AS 2200-2006 Design charts for water supply and sewerage
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