TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 3

Ploča sa parom paralelnih slobodno oslonjenih ivica – M. Levy-jevo rešenje

Z
Diferencijalna jednačina ploče opterećene na savijanje: ∆∆w =
k
Rešenje diferencijalne jednačine ploče opterećene na savijanje

w = wh + wp
∞
 n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ x
w h = ∑  An + ⋅ Bn  ⋅ ch +  Cn + ⋅ Dn  ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  a  a  a  a  a
n ⋅π ⋅ x
∞ 4
Zn  a 
w p = ∑ w n ⋅ sin wn = ⋅ 
n =1 a k  n ⋅π 

∞
n ⋅π ⋅ x 2 n ⋅π ⋅ x
Z = ∑ Zn ⋅ sin Zn = ⋅ ∫ Z ( x ) ⋅ sin dx
n =1 a a x a
Simetrično oslonjena ploča

simetrično opetrećenje
∞
 n ⋅π ⋅ y n ⋅π ⋅ y n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ x
w h,sim = ∑  An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  a a a  a
antimetrično opterećenje
∞
 n ⋅π ⋅ y n ⋅π ⋅ y n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ x
w h,ant = ∑  Bn ⋅ ⋅ ch + Cn ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  a a a  a

y Zadatak 1.
Za zadatu ploču i opterećenje nacrtati dijagram ugiba w i
momenata savijanja Mx u presecima u sredini ploče.
p

x 2 n ⋅π ⋅ x
Zn = ⋅ ∫ Z ( x ) ⋅ sin dx
b

a x a
Z (x ) = p 0≤x≤a
4p
⇒ Zn = za n = 1,3,5...
p nπ

4p 1 nπx
a Z=
π
∑ n sin
n a

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 3

Partikularni deo rešenja:

n ⋅π ⋅ x
∞ 4
Z  a  4 pa 4 1
w p = ∑ w n ⋅ sin wn = n ⋅   = ⋅
n =1 a k  n ⋅π  kπ 5 n 5
Homogeni deo rešenja (za simetrično opterećenje)
∞
 nπy nπy nπy  nπx
w h,sim = ∑  An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  a a a  a

∞
 nπy nπy nπy  nπx
w = w h,sim + w p = ∑  w n + An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  a a a  a
Konturni uslovi iz kojih se odreñuju članovi reda An i Dn:
w = 0
b b w = 0 
Za y= ili y = −  ⇒  ∂ 2w
2 2 M
 y = 0  ∂y 2 = 0


1 α n ⋅ thα n + 2 1 S
An = − ⋅ ⋅S Dn = ⋅
n5 2chα n n 5 2chα n
pa 4 nπb
S = 4⋅ αn =
π 5k 2a

∞
S nπy nπy nπy  nπx
w = ∑  5 + An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  n a a a  a
pa 4 ∞
1  α ⋅ thα n + 2 nπy 1 nπy nπy  nπx
= 4 ⋅ 5 ∑ 5 1 − n ⋅ ch + ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
π k n =1 n  2 chα n a 2 chα n a a  a

Kvadratna ploča a = b
Dijagram ugiba w i momenata savijanja Mx u preseku y=0

Izraz za ugib
∞
S nπy nπy nπy  nπx
w = ∑  5 + An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  n a a a  a

Izraz za moment savijanja Mx

 ∂ 2w ∂ 2w 
M x = −k ⋅  2 + ν ⋅ 2  =
 ∂x ∂y 
π  nπy nπy nπy nπy   nπx
2 ∞
S 
= k  ∑n  5 + An (1 − ν ) ⋅ ch + Dn (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ sh − 2ν ⋅ ch
2
  sin
a n =1 n a  a a a  a

za tri člana reda

 1 πy πy πy  πx
w = S ⋅   5 + A1 ⋅ ch + D1 ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin +
 1 a a a  a
1 3πy 3πy 3πy  3πx
+  5 + A3 ⋅ ch + D3 ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin +
 3 a a a  a
1 5πy 5πy 5πy  5πx 
+  5 + A5 ⋅ ch + D3 ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin 
5 a a a  a 

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 3

π  πy πy πy πy   πx
2
 1 
M x = k   ⋅ S ⋅ 12  5 + A1 (1 − ν ) ⋅ ch + D1 (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ sh − 2ν ⋅ ch   sin +
a  1 a  a a a  a
1 3πy  3πy 3πy 3πy   3πx
+ 3 2  5 + A3 (1 − ν ) ⋅ ch + D3 (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ sh − 2ν ⋅ ch   sin +
 3 a  a a a  a
1 5 πy  5πy 5 πy 5 πy   5πx 
+ 5 2  5 + A5 (1 − ν ) ⋅ ch + D5 (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ sh − 2ν ⋅ ch   sin 
5 a  a a a  a 
1 α n ⋅ thα n + 2 1 1
An = − ⋅ Dn = ⋅
n5 2 chα n n 2 chα n
5

nπ pa 4
αn = S =4⋅
2 π 5k
za presek y/a=0
 1  πx  1  3πx  1  5πx 
w = S ⋅   5 + A1  ⋅ sin +  5 + A3  ⋅ sin +  5 + A5  ⋅ sin 
 1  a 3  a 5  a 

π  πx
2
 1 
M x = k   ⋅ S ⋅ 12  5 + A1 (1 − ν ) − 2ν D1  sin +
 
a   1  a
1  3πx 1  5πx 
+ 3 2  5 + A3 (1 − ν ) − 2ν D3  sin + 5 2  5 + A5 (1 − ν ) − 2ν D5  sin 
3  a 5  a 

n An Dn x/a w Mx
0 0 0
1 -0.68561 0.199268
0.2 0.148 0.198
3 -0.00025 3.7E-05
0.4 0.233 0.262
5 -1.2E-06 1.24E-07
0.5 0.244 0.271
0.6 0.233 0.262
0.8 0.148 0.198
1.0 0 0
× ×
67 8 67 8
16 pa 4 16 pa 2
kπ 6 π4
Zadatak 2.
Za zadatu ploču i opterećenje dati rešenje problema (odrediti
y analitički izraz za ugib) Za slučaj kvadratne ploče (a=b) nacrtati
dijagram ugiba w, momenata savijanja Mx i momenata torzije Mxy
u karakterističnim presecima.
Podaci: ν=0; h=const, E=const.
p

w = wh + wp
b

Z (x ) = p 0≤x≤a
4p
p ⇒ Zn = za n = 1,3,5...
x nπ
a 4p 1 nπx
Z=
π
∑ n sin
n a
Partikularni deo rešenja:
n ⋅π ⋅ x
∞ 4
Z  a  4 pa 4 1
w p = ∑ w n ⋅ sin wn = n ⋅  = ⋅
n =1 a k  n ⋅π  kπ 5 n 5

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 3

Homogeni deo rešenja:

∞
 n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ y  n ⋅π ⋅ x
w h = ∑  An + ⋅ Bn  ⋅ ch +  Cn + ⋅ Dn  ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin :
n =1  a  a  a  a  a
Izraz za ugib:
∞
 4 pa 4 1  nπy  nπy  nπy  nπy  nπx
w = ∑ ⋅ 5 +  An + ⋅ Bn  ⋅ ch +  Cn + ⋅ Dn  ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n = 1  kπ
5
n  a  a  a  a  a

Konturni uslovi:
1) w = 0 3) w = 0
y =0  y =b 
 ∂w  ∂ 2w
2) ∂y = 0  4 ) M y = 0 ⇒
∂y 2
=0
 

4 pa 4
1) An + =0
kπ 5 n 5

∂w nπ  nπy  nπy  nπy  nπy  nπx

2) =∑  An + Dn + Bn  ⋅ sh + Cn + Bn + Dn  ⋅ ch  ⋅ sin
∂y n a  a  a  a  a  a
Cn + Bn = 0

4 pa 4 1  nπb  nπb  nπb  nπb

3) ⋅ 5 +  An + ⋅ Bn  ⋅ ch +  Cn + ⋅ Dn  ⋅ sh =0
kπ 5
n  a  a  a  a

 nπ    nπy  nπy  nπy  nπy  nπx

2
∂ 2w
4) = ∑   An + 2Dn + Bn  ⋅ ch + Cn + 2Bn + Dn  ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
∂y 2
n  a   a  a  a  a  a
 nπb  nπb  nπb  nπb
 An + 2Dn + a Bn  ⋅ ch a + Cn + 2Bn + a Dn  ⋅ sh a = 0
   

4 pa 4
An = − = wn Bn = −Cn
n 5π 5 k
w 2ch 2α n − 2chα n − α n shα n
Cn = n
2 shα n chα n − α n
w n 2shα n chα n − shα n − α n chα n
Dn =
2 shα n chα n − α n
n ⋅π ⋅ b
αn =
a

Za kvadratnu ploču a=b ⇒ αn = n ⋅ π

vrednosti članova reda

n αn wn An Bn Cn Dn
1 3.141593 0.013071 -0.01307 -0.01046 0.010462 0.010987
3 9.424778 5.38E-05 -5.4E-05 -5.4E-05 5.37E-05 5.37E-05
5 15.70796 4.18E-06 -4.2E-06 -4.2E-06 4.18E-06 4.18E-06
x
644444444444447 44444444444448
p ⋅ a4
k

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 3

Vrednosti ugiba u preseku x/a=0.5

y/a 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
n=1 0 0.0003 0.0011 0.0018 0.0025 0.0028 0.0029 0.0026 0.0020 0.0011 -1.1E-16
n=3 0 -1.3E-05 -3E-05 -4.1E-05 -4.7E-05 -4.9E-05 -4.9E-05 -4.6E-05 -3.8E-05 -2.3E-05 4.4E-16
n=5 0 1.9E-06 3.4E-06 3.9E-06 4.1E-06 4.1E-06 4.1E-06 4.0E-06 3.7E-06 2.6E-06 -5.6E-14
∑ 0 0.0003 0.0010 0.0018 0.0024 0.0028 0.0028 0.0026 0.0019 0.0011 0.

sve vrednosti ugiba treba pomnožiti sa

p ⋅ a4
k

Vrednosti momenta savijanja My u preseku x/a=0.5

 ∂ 2w ∂ 2w 
M y = −k ⋅  2 + ν ⋅ 2  =
 ∂y ∂x 
π  nπy nπy nπy nπy 
2 ∞
 
= −k   ∑n − ν ⋅ w n + An (1 − ν ) ⋅ ch + Bn (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ ch + 2sh +
2

a n =1  a  a a a 
nπy  nπy nπy nπy   nπx
+ Cn (1 − ν ) ⋅ sh + Dn (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ sh + 2ch   ⋅ sin a
a  a a a 

y/a 0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0

n=1 -0.0879 -0.0020 0.0311 0.0377 0.0400 0.0323 8.2E-16
n=3 0.0048 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0011 -0.0012 -0.0014 0
n=5 -0.0010 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 -7.E-12
∑ -0.0841 -0.0030 0.0301 0.0368 0.0390 0.0312 0.
sve vrednosti pomnožiti sa p ⋅ a 2

vrednosti momenata Mxy za presek x=a

∂ 2w
M xy = −k (1 − ν ) ⋅ =
∂x∂y
π  nπy nπy  nπy nπy  nπx
2 ∞
  
= −k (1 − ν )  ∑n 2
 An + Bn + Dn  ⋅ sh + Cn + Dn + Bn  ⋅ ch  ⋅ sin
a n =1  a  a  a  a  a

y/a 0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0

n=1 0 0.0198 0.0129 0.0054 -0.0030 -0.0194 -0.0279
n=3 0 0.0011 0.0003 6.4E-05 -0.0001 -0.0008 -0.0019
n=5 0 0.0001 9.3E-06 1.1E-06 -5E-06 -7.4E-05 -0.0004
∑ 0 0.0210 0.0132 0.0055 -0.0031 -0.0203 -0.0302
sve vrednosti pomnožiti sa p ⋅ a 2

vrednosti momenata Mxy za presek y=a

x/a 0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0

n=1 0.0279 0.0226 0.0086 0.0000 -0.0086 -0.0226 -0.0279
n=3 0.0019 -0.0006 -0.0015 0.0000 0.0015 0.0006 -0.0019
n=5 0.0004 -0.0004 0.0004 0.0000 -0.0004 0.0004 -0.0004
∑ 0.0302 0.0216 0.0075 0.0000 -0.0075 -0.0203 -0.0302
sve vrednosti pomnožiti sa p ⋅ a 2

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 3

+
+
[w] [Мy]

-
[Мxy]

Zadatak 3.
Prikazati rešenje problema na slici.
M (x ) = const . = m0

Partikularni deo rešenja: w p = 0

Homogeni deo rešenja (za simetrično opterećenje)

∞
 nπy nπy nπy  nπx
w = w h,sim = ∑  An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  a a a  a

Konturni uslovi:
b 1) w = 0
y= 
2 2) M y = M

∞
n ⋅π ⋅ x
Razvoj opterećenja u red M = ∑M n ⋅ sin
n =1 a
2 n ⋅π ⋅ x
Mn = ⋅ ∫M ( x ) ⋅ sin dx
a x a

M (x ) = m0
4m0
0≤x≤a ⇒ Mn = za n = 1,3,5...
nπ

4m0 1 nπx
M=
π
∑ n sin
n a

nπb nπb nπb

1) An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh =0
2a 2a 2a

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 3

π  nπy nπy nπy nπy   4m0

2
 
2) − k   n 2 − ν ⋅ w n + An (1 − ν ) ⋅ ch + Dn (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ sh + 2ch =
a  a  a a a   nπ
2m0a 2 shα n 2m0a 2 1
An = ⋅ α ⋅ D = − ⋅
kn π ch α n kn π chα n
3 3 n 2 n 3 3

Za ploču stranica a=3m, b=4m, konstrantne visine, modula elastičnosti i ν=0.2 sračunate su vrednosti i nacrtani
dijagrami ugiba i momenata savijanja u preseku na sredini ploče za tri člana reda.

Vrednosti ugiba u preseku x/a=0.5

∞
 nπy nπy nπy  nπ
w = ∑  An ⋅ ch + Dn ⋅ ⋅ sh  ⋅ sin
n =1  a a a  2

y/b 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

n=1 0.28617 0.28620 0.28178 0.25771 0.18290 0.00000
n=3 -0.00050 -0.00080 -0.00190 -0.00439 -0.00769 0.00000
n=5 0.00000 0.00001 0.00005 0.00030 0.00120 0.00000
∑ 0.28566 0.28541 0.27993 0.25362 0.17641 0.00000
m0
sve vrednosti ugiba treba pomnožiti sa
k

Vrednosti momenta savijanja My u preseku x/a=0.5

π  nπy nπy nπy nπy   nπ
2 ∞
 
M y = −k   ∑n  An (1 − ν ) ⋅ ch + Dn (1 − ν ) ⋅ ⋅ sh + 2ch  ⋅ sin
2

a n =1  a  a a a  2

y/b 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

n=1 0.0578 0.0853 0.1766 0.3605 0.6935 1.2732
n=3 0.0024 0.0033 0.0051 0.0002 -0.0601 -0.4244
n=5 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.0007 -0.0026 0.0051 0.2546
∑ 0.0602 0.0884 0.1810 0.3582 0.6385 1.1035
sve vrednosti pomnožiti sa m0

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