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Overview of Anesthesia History and Practice

1. The history of anesthesia dates back to ancient times when people used plants like opium and alcohol for pain relief. 2. In the 19th century, Crawford Long and William Clark were the first to use ether as an anesthetic in the 1840s. William Morton demonstrated ether's effectiveness for painless surgery in 1846. 3. Anesthesiology emerged as a medical specialty in the early 20th century with the formation of professional organizations for physician anesthesiologists starting in the 1890s. Today, anesthesiologists play a key role in caring for surgical patients before, during, and after procedures.

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305 views26 pages

Overview of Anesthesia History and Practice

1. The history of anesthesia dates back to ancient times when people used plants like opium and alcohol for pain relief. 2. In the 19th century, Crawford Long and William Clark were the first to use ether as an anesthetic in the 1840s. William Morton demonstrated ether's effectiveness for painless surgery in 1846. 3. Anesthesiology emerged as a medical specialty in the early 20th century with the formation of professional organizations for physician anesthesiologists starting in the 1890s. Today, anesthesiologists play a key role in caring for surgical patients before, during, and after procedures.

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mochkurniawan
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INTRODUCTION TO

ANAESTHESIA

Fatiş Altındaş
Department of Anesthesiology
† Dioscorides first used the term
anesthesia in first century AD
„ To describe the narcotic-like effects

† As “a defect of sensation” in Bailey’s


An Universal Etymological English
Dictionary (1721)
† Oliver Wendell Holmes used its
present meaning (1846)
„ means the sleeplike state
„ makes possible painless surgery
History of Anesthesia
† In ancient time, people used
„ Opium poppy, coca leaves, mandrake
root, alcohol, phlebotomy
† Ancient Egyptians used the
combination of opium poppy and
hyoscyamus morphine and
scopolamine
Ether
† Prepared in 1540 by Valerius
Cordus
† Used as sedative in
„ tuberculosis
„ asthma and whooping cough
„ remedy for toothache
† Crawford W. Long and William
Clark used it on patients in 1842
William Morton
(1819-1868)
† The first succesful
surgical
anesthesia, 1846,
Boston
Chloroform
Professor James Young
Simpson (1811-
1870)
† found chloroform to
be efficacious and
reasonably safe
† used for Prince
Leopold’s and
Princess Beatrice’s
birhts
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
† Produced by Joseph Priestly
1772,
† Humphrey Davy first noted
its analgesic properties in
1800.
† Horace Wells first used it in
humans for anesthesia in
1844
† Less popular in tree agents
„ Low potency
„ Tendency to cause asphyxia H. Davy
Intravenous Anesthesia (IVA)
† Pierre Cyprien Ore
„ Pioneer of IVA
„ Chloral hydrate in
1872
† Barbiturates were
synthesized 1903
„ For induction of
anesthesia
Regional Anesthesia
† In 1860, Albert Niemann isolated
crystalized alcoloids of coca.
† Karl Koller used cocain for eye block in
1884
† In 1885, first epidural block
† In 1898, first spinal anesthesia by
August Bier
† Second local anesthetic agent (prilocain)
was founded in 1904
† Lidocain was founded in 1946
Evolution of the specialty

†The development of the


indepented medical specialty
of anesthesiology would not
occur until the early 20th
century.
† In England, in 1893, the first
organization of physician specialists in
anesthesia, “The Society of
Anesthetists”
† In the United States, the first
organization of physician anesthetists
was formed in 1911.
† invented an inhaler
for ether
† published the first
book on general
anaesthesia:On the
Inhalation of Ether

John Snow
the father of anaesthesia
History of Anesthesia in Turkey-1
† The first publications belong to surgeons
† They made great contributions to
anesthesia in Turkey
† Publication of Miralay Ahmet Bey
„ includes the information about the use of
ether
† Ether anesthesia was first used in
Gülhane Askeri Hospital in 1898 by
Rieder Paşa
History of Anesthesia in Turkey-2
† Dr. Sadi Sun is the
first anesthesiologist
in Turkey
† The first endotracheal
entubation was
performed by Dr Sun
† In 1955, anesthesia
was accepted as a
medical specialty by
Ministry of Health
What is Anesthesiology?
†Practice of medicine
dedicated to the relief of
pain and total care of the
surgical patient before,
during and after surgery.
† Anesthesiologists are a
physician who complete a six
years of medical school and
four more year anesthesiology
residency training program.
† Anesthesiologist is the perioperative
physician
† Provides medical care to each patient
„ Evaluating the patient before surgery
(preoperative)
„ Consulting with the surgical team
„ Providing pain control
„ Supporting of life functions during
surgery (intraoperative)
„ Supervising care after surgery
(postoperative)
In the operating room
† The role of anesthesiologist is to provide
continual medical assessment of the
patient
„ Monitor and control the patient’s vital
functions
† Heart rate, rhythm, breathing, blood pressure,
body temperature, fluid balance
† Immediately diagnose and treat any medical
problems during surgery or recovery period
„ Control pain and level of unconsciousness
In the postanesthesia care unit
† Patients are
transferred to recovery
room after surgery
„ Allowing them to emerge
fully from the anesthetics’
effects

† They are observed by


skilled nursing
personnel
„ After stabilization
sufficiently, transferred to
regular room or home
What is Scope of Anesthesiologist?
† Anesthesiologists work in ICU
† Sedation and providing anesthesia outside
the operating room
„ Magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac
catheterization etc.
† Pioneers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
† In childbirth, anesthesiologists manage the
care of two persons
† Anesthesiologists are also involved in pain
management,
„ to diagnose and treatment of acute and chronic
problems.
Happy New Year!

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