PRACTICES ON PROPER GARBAGE DISPOSAL OF THE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SUMOROY

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL

SUBMITTED BY:
BORJA, VINA
CAPILA, MERLYN
CERBITO, MARIA SHARLY

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. GEMMA S. CALOT
TEACHER

2018
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Practices on proper garbage disposal of the students

can help our community, country and nation. Because

nowadays, we are suffering environmental dilemmas such as

global warming, flash floods and etc. One of the causes of

these problems is the misbehavior of the people towards

waste management. Some people are reckless in throwing

their garbage. They do not think of the possible results of

their actions on the environment as well as on health.

The song entitled “Heal the World” by Michael Jackson,

simply implies that we need to do something to help our

sick world due to improper waste disposal, illegal logging,

coastal littering and etc. Thus, proper waste management is

one way to make it possible.

Waste Management is the collection, transport,

processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste

materials. The term usually relates to materials produced

by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken

to reduce their effect on health, the environment or

aesthetics. It is a distinct practice from resource

recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption

of natural resources. All waste materials, whether they are

solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit

of waste management. Waste management practices can differ

for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural

areas, and for residential and industrial producers.

Management of non-hazardous waste residential and

institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually is the

responsibility of local government authorities, while

management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial

waste is the responsibility of the generator subject to

local, national or international controls.

Every individual should take the responsibility of

managing their wastes properly. Public awareness campaigns

are essential tools for environment protection. Thus, there

is really a need to encourage the people to be part of this

objective, protecting our environment through proper waste

management.

In regard of this, our study entitled “Practices on

Proper Garbage Disposal of the Senior High School Students

in Sumoroy Agro Industrial School,” aims to know how the

SAIS manage their wastes as well as to identify the

materials they are using in managing their waste.

Furthermore, this study is not just a study but it

also helps the Schools and community through conducting

clean-up Drive in the said place.

In countries where there is rapid growth and increase

of population and industrialization, proper management of

waste becomes a very common problem. Proper ways of

disposing waste is very important as far as public health

and the welfare of the environment is concerned.

This can help maintain a safer, cleaner and more

attractive environment while reducing the chances of

spreading any types of disease. Proper waste management is

also one way of reducing the possibility of contaminating

groundwater and soil. There are many benefits of waste

management.

One of the most popular and natural processes of waste

management is composting. In this method, plant and other

organic wastes are being broken down to produce materials

rich in nutrient. This is something anyone can do at home.

Wastes like vegetable and fruit scraps, leaves and grass

clippings can be placed in a bin and eventually, they will

decompose, producing a mixture that can be used to improve

soil in the garden. Recycling is one of the best ways to

manage waste.

This helps reduce pollution, conserve energy and save

natural resources. Recycling materials like glass,

plastics, aluminum and paper won’t only keep the

environment clean, but is also a way to save money. In

major cities such as Brisbane, recycling is strongly

implemented to reduce waste and to enjoy the economic and

environmental benefits it offers. Joined efforts to recycle

Brisbane have brought the city to where it is now and this

is further improved with the city’s growing industry of

waste management services. To reduce trash, whether in

Brisbane or other place in the world, it is important to

encourage and implement recycling at all societal levels.

There are other alternatives of recycling as a method

of waste management including landfills and incineration.

While this has been used for so many years now, it can’t be

denied that they do have some negative environmental

effects such as pollution and depletion of land used in

constructing and designing these landfills to accommodate

the trash being dumped onto them. Because of its downsides,

incineration and landfills are not considered by other

cities. Instead, they focus on recycling Brisbane which is

an excellent and safe method of waste disposal. 1

Waste management in urban Accra, A total of 364

household heads were interviewed in the survey and six key

informants were interviewed with the in-depth interviews.

Waste poses a threat to public health and the environment

if it is not stored, collected, and disposed of properly.

The perception of waste as an unwanted material with no

intrinsic value has dominated attitudes towards disposal.

This study investigates the domestic waste practices, waste

disposal, and perceptions about waste and health in an

urban community. The results of the study revealed that

93.1% of households disposed of food debris as waste and

77.8% disposed of plastic materials as waste. The study

also showed that 61.0% of the households disposed of their

waste at community bins or had waste picked up at their

homes by private contractors. The remaining 39.0% disposed

of their waste in gutters, streets, holes and nearby

bushes. Of those who paid for the services of private

contractors, 62.9% were not satisfied with the services

because of their cost and irregular collection. About 83%

of the respondents were aware that improper waste

1
Nicholas Mccull, [Link]/2013/01/proper-ways-of-waste-disposal
management contributes to disease causation; most of the

respondents thought that improper waste management could

lead to malaria and diarrhea. There was a general

perception that children should be responsible for

transporting waste from the households to dumping sites.

Globally, millions of tons of municipal solid waste are

generated every day. Urban waste management is drawing

increasing attention, as it can easily be observed that too

much garbage is lying uncollected in the streets, causing

inconvenience, environmental pollution, and posing a public

health risk.2

The problem of solid, liquid, and toxic-waste

management in Africa has come with urbanization in the

developing world. An important feature of the urbanization

of the developing world is the rapid growth of cities and

metropolitan areas. The high rate of urbanization in

African countries implies a rapid accumulation of refuse.

Social and economic changes that most African countries

have witnessed since the 1960s have also contributed to an

increase in the waste generated per capita. As a result,

municipal waste management constitutes one of the most

crucial health and environmental issues facing managers of

2
Ramatta Massa Yoada, BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 697.
African cities. Proper waste management is a public benefit

and obligation. Improper waste disposal by one individual

affects the entire citizenry, so, as a policy, countries

have tasked every individual, establishment or institution

to contribute significantly to the process of keeping their

communities and environment clean.

In the colonial days, the population of the Ghana,

then the Gold Coast, was below six million and waste was

better managed. The waste generated in the 1920s was less

voluminous and less complex than today, consisting largely

of leaves, paper and wood products, with little plastic or

hazardous chemicals. The poor waste management situation in

recent years has led to a high incidence of sanitation

related illness, such as cholera, intestinal worms and

typhoid. These are among the top ten diseases that have

been recorded, which raises the alarm of a public health

crisis. In Ghana, problems are encountered at all levels of

waste management, particularly, collection, transportation

and disposal. Generally, existing public facilities,

including sanitary facilities, are inadequate to serve the

user population, and the sheer volume of municipal solid

waste generated in the country’s urban centres is

overwhelming. While existing waste disposal facilities are

inadequate to deal with the quality and quantity of waste

generated, more sophisticated systems are expensive and

their maintenance requirements are high.3

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed at determining the food preparation

and practices of those who are engaged in food business and

their impact to the populace of the Municipality of

Palapag, Northern Samar.

This study attempted to seek answers to the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents:

1.1 age

1.2 sex

1.3 educational attainment

2. What kind of waste disposal they practiced?

3. How the Students manage their wastes?

4. Is there a significant difference of the materials

used of Senior High School Students in managing their

wastes?

3
Dennis Chirawurah, BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 699
Objective of the Study

The purpose of this study is to determine the

practices on proper garbage disposal of the Senior High

School Students of Sumoroy Agro Industrial and the effect

to the whole campus of SAIS.

Specifically the study aimed to determine the

following:

1. Profile of the respondents:

1.1 age

1.2 sex

1.3 educational attainment

2. To know the kind of waste disposal they practiced.

3. To determine how the Students manage their wastes.

4. To determine the significant difference of the

materials used of Senior High School Students in

managing their wastes

Importance of the study

This study is significant to investigate the level of

the involvement of the senior highschool students in

practices on proper garbage disposal at Sumoroy Agro-

Industrial School, Palapag Northern Samar.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study would be of great help to the

government, students, community, readers and future

research in the following ways:

The Government. This study would help the government to

know what policies and regulations they will implement when

it comes to proper waste management.

The Students. This study would help them to know the ways

of the proper garbage disposal inside and outside the

campus. In addition, it will give them an idea in managing

their own wastes.

The Community. This study would encourage every members of

the community to take the responsibility of their own

wastes.

The Readers. This study would help the readers to know how

to manage their wastes. And also, how to segregate their

garbage.

The Future Readers. This study would help the future

researchers as their basis of their study and additional

literature for their future investigations.

Scope and Delimitations

This study is delimited in knowing the proper garbage

disposal of the senior high school students of Sumoroy

Agro-Industrial School.

Thus, it is also delimited in identifying the

materials they are using in managing their wastes.

Theoretical Framework

In Ghana, a study conducted at Kodiabe, which involved

direct observations at disposal sites from five divisions,

focused on the way in which refuse materials were disposed

Another study conducted in Nigeria showed that the

perception of domestic waste disposal indicates that

people’s attitudes about and perceptions of sanitation

issues contribute to the waste management problem .

Similarly, a study done in Khulna, Bangladesh found that

city dwellers think because they pay taxes it is the sole

responsibility of the city authority to provide them with a

nuisance-free habitable city .Typically, local governments

are responsible for the collection and disposal of the

wastes generated within their jurisdiction, as well as for

the operation and maintenance of their equipment. However,

local governments usually lack the authority and resources

to provide a satisfactory and economically viable service.

Effective and efficient solid waste management depends upon

an equitable distribution of responsibilities, authority,

and revenue between the national government and all the

local governments. General waste management in Ghana is

perceived to be the responsibility of the Ministry of Local

Government and Rural Development, which supervises the

decentralized Metropolitan, Municipal and District

Assemblies (MMDAs). However, regulatory authority is vested

in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the

auspices of the Ministry of Environment and Science. The

MMDAs are responsible for the collection and final disposal

of solid waste through their Waste Management Departments

and their Environmental Health and Sanitation Departments.

However, there is a growing perception that inadequate

education about the importance of proper sanitation account

for poor waste management practices in Ghana. Other factors

accounting for this situation are poor attitudes and lack

of concern about environmental issues, high levels of

poverty and misguided waste disposal practices.

As in many developing countries, waste management in

Ghana is a complex issue that has been a major issue on the

priority list of successive governments, local authorities,

and international donors in recent years. Waste management

is a growing problem in Ghana, and despite large

investments that have been made to meet the challenges of

effective waste management in urban Ghana, there is little

evidence that such efforts are having their expected

effect. Although huge capital investment is required to

improve waste management, social and behavioral factors are

also important if waste management in urban areas is to be

successful. It is in this light that the current study aims

to investigate community practices and perceptions about

solid waste management and it implications for health in

urban Accra.4

This study is anchored on the theory of Waste

Management represents a more in-depth account of the domain

and contains conceptual analyses of waste, the activity

upon waste, and a holistic view of the goals of waste

management. Waste Management Theory is founded on the

expectation that waste management is to prevent waste

causing harm to human health and the environment. The

proper definition of waste is crucial to constructing a

sustainable agenda of waste management. It is largely the

4
Banjo AD, Adebambo AAR, Haight M. Inhabitants’ perception on domestic waste disposal in Ijebu Ode,
Southwest Nigeria. Department of Biological Sciences. Ogun State, Nigeria: Tai Solarin University of
Education, Ijebu Ode; 2009.
case that current legislation attends to existing waste.

Definitions emerging from this condition may, however,

conflict with the goals of waste prevention, because

something that already exists cannot be prevented from

arising. When material is assigned the label of ‘waste’, it

will be treated as such; consequently, despite its explicit

wish of waste prevention, implicitly, legislation

essentially amasses waste. The inherent philosophical

implication of such definitions is that they are not able

to facilitate a sustainable waste management system.

Therefore, new, dynamic definitions for waste and waste

management must be sought, which can explain why waste is

created and can offer an intrinsic solution for the

problem.5

In connection with the above idea, practices on proper

garbage disposals and waste management is very important to

our schools, community, town and country.

5
E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips & R. L. Keiski , Evolving The Theory Of Waste Management, Volume 78 Pages 1-
10
Conceptual Framework

This study will be based on the profile of the

respondents in terms of age, sex, and civil status and

practices on proper garbage disposal which are the

independent variables, and the effect to the senior highs

school students as dependent variable.

Paradigm

The fundamental conceptualization of this study is

presented in the schematic illustration as follows:

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Respondent’s People

 Age Impact to the

 Sex students of
 Educational Sumoroy Agro-
Attainment Industrial
School
Practices on proper
garbage disposal
Definition of Terms

For clearer understanding of this study, the following

terms were defined conceptually and operationally.

Waste – is any solid, liquid and gaseous wastes emitted by

the people. It could either be biodegradable or non-

biodegradable wastes.

Waste Management – is the collection, transport, processing

or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials.

Waste segregation - is the division of garbage and waste

products. It is the process of dividing garbage and waste

products in an effort to reduce, reuse and recycle

materials.

Practice - doing something regularly in order to be able to

do it better. A practice is one of these periods of doing

something.

Garbage - is waste to be thrown out, or anything worthless

or offensive.

Improper - not in accordance with accepted standards,

especially of morality or honesty.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the reviewed related literature

that gave significant insights to this present study.

The classification of wastes varies and depends

country by country. Waste can be divided into many

different types. The most common method of classification

is by their physical, chemical, and biological

characteristics.

Solid waste is broadly defined as including non-

hazardous industrial, commercial land domestic refuse

including household organic trash, street sweepings,

hospital and institutional garbage, and construction

wastes; generally sludge and human waste are regarded as a

liquid waste problem outside the scope of msw (zerbock,

2003).these are waste materials that contain less than 70%

water. example of this type of waste are the domestic or

household garbage, some industrial wastes, some mining

wastes, and oil field wastes such as drill cuttings.

Liquid waste. these are usually wastewaters that contain

less than 1%. this type of waste may contain high

concentration of dissolved salts and metals. Liquid wastes

are often classified into two broad types: sewage and toxic

wastes. generally, there are various types of liquid waste

generated in urban centers: human excreta, domestics

wastes produced in households, hospital wastes, industrial

effluents, agricultural liquid wastes and nuclear

wastes. when improperly handled and disposed of,

liquid wastes pose a serious threat to human

health and the environment because of their

ability to e n t e r watersheds, pollute ground water and

drinking water (us epa, 2009).Sludge, it is a class of

waste between liquid and solid. they usually contain

between 3%and 25% solid, while the rest of the material is

dissolved water.4. hazardous waste hazardous wastes are

wastes which, by themselves or after coming into contact

with other wastes, have characteristics, such as chemical

reactivity, toxicity,corrosiveness or a tendency to

explode, that pose a risk to human health or

theenvironment. hazardous wastes are generated from a wide

range of industrial,commercial, and agricultural.

They may take the form of solids, liquids or

sludges, and can pose both acute and chronic public health

and environmental risks by lining and contouring the fill,

compacting and planting the uppermost cover layer,

diverting drainage, and selecting proper soil in sites not

subject to flooding or high groundwater levels. the best

soil for a landfill is clay because clay is less permeable

than other types of soil.

Materials disposed of in a landfill can be

further secured from leakage by solidifying them in

materials such as cement, fly ash from power plants,

asphalt, or organic polymers(bassis, 2005)landfills can

also be shifted to another use after their capacities have

been reached. the city of evanston, illinois, built a

landfill up into a hill and the now-complete

“mt. trashmore” is a ski area. golf courses built over

landfillsites are also increasingly common (montgomery,

2000).b ) r e c y c l i n g or the 3r’sa n o t h e r method,

which sets off before waste disposal is

waste reduction through recycling or often coined as

the 3 r’s: reuse, reduce, and recycle. On the local or

regional level, reducing wastes is accomplished through

these methods by source separation and subsequent material

recovery. Currently, the united states recycles about 10%

of its glass and 25%of its paper wastes; in countries such

as Switzerland and the Netherlands, the proportion in the

glass recycled approaches to 50% while Japan recycles 50%of

its paper wastes (Montgomery, 2000). Some countries, on the

other hand, manage most of their solid waste through

incinerators. Incineration, or the controlled burning of

waste at high temperatures to produce steam and ash, is

another waste disposal option and an alternative to land

filling (us environmental protection agency, 2009).

Incinerators are designed for the destruction of wastes and

are commonly employed in developed nations who could afford

the costs of the burning facilities, plus its operation and

maintenance (mc cracken, 2005).this type of waste disposal

is the second largest disposal method in most developed

countries and ranks next to landfills in the united states

and the united kingdom. in the uk, approximately 5% of

household waste, 75 % of commercial waste and 2% of

industrial waste is disposed of through this method

(baker,2005)

A further benefit of incineration can be realized

if the heat generated thereby is recovered. for years,

European cities h a v e generated electricity using

waste-disposal incinerators as sources of heat

(montgomery,2000).there are negative issues, however, in

the use of this burning method and much of that circulate

around its safety for the environment and to the

human health. it is argued that the combustion

process creates air pollution, ash, and waste water,

all of which must be properly managed using technical

monitoring, containment, and treatment systems.

harmful pollutants are released into the environment

whenever these by-products are not controlled (us

epa, 2009).operators of these facilities must be

well-trained and certified to ensure

proper management.6

Waste prevention and minimization prevention

means eliminating or reducing the quantity of waste which

is produced in the first place, thus reducing the quantity

of waste which must be managed. Prevention can take the

form of reducing the quantities of materials used in a

process or reducing the quantity of harmful materials which

may be contained in a product. Prevention can also include

the reuse of products. Prevention is the most desirable

waste management option as it eliminates the need for

handling, transporting, recycling or disposal of waste. It

provides the highest level of environmental protection by

optimizing the use of resources and by removing a potential

source of pollution. Minimization includes any process or

6
Jaztinaltea , Waste Management, P2-18
[Link]
activity that avoids, reduces or eliminates waste at its

source or results in re-use or recycling.7

Garbage disposal system for proper waste

management. The solid wastes we throw in our garbage bins

everyday can be classified into groups, this is called

segregation. if you want to reduce, reuse and recycle, then

it would be better for you to identify those wastes that

can still be used from real garbage that needs to be thrown

away.

Garbage are decomposable food wastes, these are

excess foods, ingredients, etc., that are has no use for

human consumption anymore. If you have a lawn and garden,

making a compost pit can be a good way to make use of these

wastes. This can be a good fertilizer for your garden

plants. Proper waste disposal is very important in making

sure that your place and environment is free from any waste

that can cause health risks. If you want a clean and

healthy environment, then you have to constantly clean your

area, and put some tools and equipments like a garbage

disposal to help you in keeping that area clean and free

from harmful bacteria.

7
Rue Voltaire, [Link], p1-5
 One place in our house that usually accumulates

smelly wastes is our kitchen. usually, garbage from excess

food ingredients, rotten food, etc., goes straight to your

kitchen's wastes bins, but this waste bins most of the time

contains all things that cause bad odor in our kitchen.

what is bad about this waste bins are that its bad smell

can spread all over your house, and that would be really

unsanitary.

Bad waste disposal in our kitchen can direct the

waste straight into our plumbing system, causing a bigger

trouble for you and your family. If you want to keep your

house free form the bad smell of food waste and garbage,

then it would be wise for you to have a proper garbage

disposal.8

Composting it is a natural process in which plant and

other organic wastes are broken down biologically to

produce a nutrient-rich material. At home, put yard and

kitchen waste such as leaves, grass clippings, and fruit

and vegetable scraps in a bin. This will

eventually decompose and produce a mixture that can be used

for soil improvement in individual gardens. Municipalities

8
Daniel Hansen, [Link]/expert/Daniel_Hansen/329257
can treat waste in the same way. Recycling is one of the

best ways of waste management. It helps in reducing

pollution, saving natural resources and conserving energy.

Recycling newspapers, plastics, glass and aluminum also

helps in saving money. Recycling other materials such as

tires, batteries, asphalt, motor oil, etc. reduces

pollution (otherwise these would end up in landfill or

incinerator). In order to reduce trash, it is necessary to

encourage and implement recycling at all levels of society.

Burning waste in cities that do not have enough land

available for landfills, controlled burning of waste at

high temperatures to produce steam and ash is a preferred

waste disposal technique. Combustion reduces the volume of

waste to be disposed significantly.

Moreover, solid waste can provide for a continuously

available and alternative source for generating energy

through combustion. This energy can be channeled into

useful purposes. 9

9
Russell Huebsch, [Link]/proper-waste-segregation-disposal-12235492
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted in Sumoroy Agro

Industrial School. It is found at Barangay Tinampo,

Palapag, Northern Samar.

Research Design

The respondents of this study are the 100 Senior High

School Students Year 2017-2018 of Sumoroy Agro Industrial

School. They will be distributed with research

questionnaires.

The Variables

It was hypothesized that the respondents according to

their age, sex and educational attainment, their practices

on garbage disposal , will impact to the Senior High School

Students of Sumoroy Agro-Industrial School.

Research Design

This study employed the case study of research problem

or procedure involving the control or manipulating or

condition for the purpose of studying the relative effect.

Research Method

The descriptive survey method of research, involving

the use of a questionnaire and documentary analysis will be

utilized in conducting this study. The descriptive method

of research will be a great emphasis and used in order to

come up with a substantial, accurate, and fully accessible

data for the study.

Research Instrument

The data gathering instrument that will be used in

this study in survey a questionnaire. Equipped with the

knowledge gained from the readings, the researchers

constructed the questionnaire. It will be submitted to

their adviser for improvement. After its revision or

improvement, some copies were produced and issued to the

target respondents. Before the distribution of the

questionnaire, a letter of request permitting the

researchers to conduct the study will be served.

After a week, the copies of the questionnaires will

be gathered. The responses who answered the specific

questions will be tabulated and presented in distribution

tables. They were analyzed and interpreted using certain

suitable answer.

Population Sampling

This study include the 100 Senior High School

Students of Sumoroy Agro-Industrial School.

Source of data

The sources of data were:

The demographic data of the respondents are the

Senior High School Students of Sumoroy Agro-Industrial

School.
Procedures of testing data:

Collected data will be presented on tables. All these

data will be based on the feedback from the questionnaires,

frequency distribution and percentage will be done in all

variables using the following formulas:

1. Percentage

P=nx100

P= Percentage

n= Small portion

N= Total number
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