Dr.

Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Department of Civil Engineering

Lecture 8 – Code Application

Examples (UBC-
(UBC-97)

Dr Hazim Dwairi
Dr.

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Code Application Examples

b
byy
Structural Engineers Association
of California (SEAOC)

Copyright © 1999

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1

• A five
five--story concrete special moment
moment--resisting
frame is shown below.
below The specified lateral
forces Fx has been applied and the
corresponding floor level displacements x at the
floor center of mass have been found and are
shown below
• Determine if a Type 1 vertical irregularity—
irregularity—
stiffness irregularity-
irregularity-soft story
story—
—exists in the
first story.

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1

51.31 mm
3m

44.45 mm
3m

36.83 mm
3m

27.43 mm
3m

18.03 mm
3.65m

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1

• To determine if this is a Type 1 vertical
irregularity—
irregularity —stiffness irregularity-
irregularity-soft
story—here are two tests:
story—
1. The story stiffness is less than 70 percent of
that of the story above.
2. The story stiffness is less than 80 percent of
the average stiffness of the three stories above.
• Iff the stiffness
ff off the story meets at least one off the
above two criteria, the structure is considered to have a
soft story, and a dynamic analysis is generally required
under §1629.8.4 Item 2, unless the irregular structure is
not more than five stories or 20-20-m in height
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Vertical Irregularity Type 1

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1

(18.03 – 0 )
3650

(27.43 – 18.03 )
0.00313
3000

(36.83 – 27.43 )
0.00313
3000

(44.45 – 36.83 )
0.00254
3000

(0.00313 + 0.00313 + 0.00254 ) = 0.00293

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1

0.00313

0.00293

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Vertical Irregularity Type 1

• Typically in practice, the check must be done for

all stories
stories.
Story Story Drift 0.7x (Story 0.8x (Story Avg. Story Drift Ratio Soft Story
Level Displacement Story Drift Ratio Drift Ratio) Drift Ratio) of Next 3 Stories Status
5 51.31 6.86 0.00229 0.00160 0.00183 ‐‐‐ No
4 44.45 7.62 0.00254 0.00178 0.00203 ‐‐‐ No
3 36.83 9.4 0.00313 0.00219 0.00251 ‐‐‐ No
2 27 43
27.43 94
9.4 0 00313
0.00313 0 00219
0.00219 0 00251
0.00251 0 00265
0.00265 N
No
1 18.03 18.03 0.00494 0.00346 0.00395 0.00294 Yes

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Vertical Irregularity Type 2

• The five-
five-story special moment frame office building has
a heavy utility equipment installation at Level 2. This
results in the floor weight distribution shown below:
W5 = 400 kN

W4 = 490 kN

W3 = 490 kN

W2 = 750 kN

W1 = 445 kN

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Vertical Irregularity Type 2

1.5 x W1 = 1.5 (445) kN = 668 kN

1.5 x W3 = 1.5 (490) kN = 735 kN

W2 = 750 kN > 668 kN > 735 kN

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Vertical Irregularity Type 3

7.5m

4 @ 7.5m = 30m

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Vertical Irregularity Type 3

30 m
22.5 m

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Vertical Irregularity Type 4

3 @ 7.5m = 22.5m

3.65 m

3.65 m

3.65 m 75m
7.5

15 m
3.65 m

3.65 m

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Vertical Irregularity Type 4

• Columns under wall A-
A-B shall be designed for:

Collector element B-C at

level 2 shall be designed
according to 1633.2.6
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Plan Irregularity Type 1

33
33mm 48
48mm

25mm 30mm

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Plan Irregularity Type 1

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33 - 25 8 mm

48 - 30 18 mm
18
13
8 + 18
13 mm

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48 mm

33 + 48
51 mm

48
0.62 < 1.0
1.2 x 51

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Reliability/Redundancy Factor

i = 2 – 6.1/rmax,i√AB

m2

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5m 5m 5m

3.65m

3.65m

3.65m

3.65m

3.65m

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The following information is given:

Total Story Brace Force  Horizontal  ri = 

Story i Shear Vi (kN) Eh(kN) Component Fx (kN) Fx/Vi
1 4235 1215 972 0.230
2 3250 1300 1040 0 320
0.320
3 2300 500 400 0.174
4 1420 400 320 0.225
5 Not required above 2/3 height level

AB = 14.5m x 30.m = 435 m2, where 30m is the building width

Fx = 4/5 Eh

rmax = 0.320 
 = 2 – 6.1 /(0.32 √435) = 1.09
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7.5m 7.5m 7.5m

3.65m
26kN 51kN 58kN 33kN
3.65m
70kN 124kN 134kN 73kN
3.65m
96kN 179kN 203kN 114kN
3 65m
3.65m
126kN 228kN 253kN 137kN
3.65m
172kN 305kN 319kN 205kN

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Building first floor area:

AB = 22.5m x 36.5m = 821.25 m2

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Story i Vi VA + 0.7VB 0.7VB + 0.7VC 0.7VC + VD ri

kN kN kN kN
1 1726 385.5 436.8 428.3 0.253
2 1361 285.6 336.7 314.1 0.247
3 1014 221.3 267.4 256.1 0.264
4 672 156.8 180.6 166.8 0.269
5 Not required above 2/3 height level

rmax = 0.269 

 = 2 – 6.1 /(0.269 √821.25)

√ = 1.21 < 1.25 o.k.

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3.0m 6.0m 6.0m 6.0m

3.65m

3.65m

3.65m

3.65m

3.65m

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AB = 21.5m x 36.5m = 784.75 m2

Eh is the wall shear Vw

For shear walls, ri is the maximum of (Vwi/Vi)(3.3/Lw)

The following information is given for the walls:

Wall A‐B Wall C‐D‐E and C‐D
Vi
Story i
Vwi Lwi Vwi Lwi
(kN) (kN) (m) (kN) (m)
1 1615 152 3 411 12
2 1281 120 3 335 12
3 925 162 3 308 6
4 467 88 3 177 6
5 Not required above 2/3 height level

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Wall A‐B Wall C‐D‐E and C‐D
Story i Vi ri
(Vwi/Vi) (3.3/Lw) (Vwi/Vi) (3.3/Lw)
1 1615 0.104 0.070 0.104
2 1281 0.103 0.072 0.103
3 925 0.193 0.183 0.193
4 467 0.207 0.208 0.208
5 Not required above 2/3 height level

rmax = 0.208 

 = 2 – 6.1 /(0.208 √784.75)

√ = 0.953 < 1.0
 USE  = 1.0

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P-D Effect

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Elements Supporting
Discontinuous Systems

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Vertical Irregularities

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Vertical Irregularities

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Story Drift

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Story Drift Limits

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