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Available online at [Link]
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF CURRENT RESEARCH
International Journal of Current Research
Vol. 9, Issue, 12, pp.63719-63721, December, 2017
ISSN: 0975-833X
RESEARCH ARTICLE
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR POTENTIAL
USE AS AN ENDODONTIC DISINFECTANT
*Dr. Sai Kalyan, S., Dr. R. B. Vora,
Vora Dr. Chandki Rita and Dr. Basawaraj Channabasappa Biradar
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,
Endodontics Rural Dental College,
llege, Loni, Maharashtra, India
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article History: Background: Disinfection of root canal system is paramount in endodontic success. Recently,
Received 20th September, 2017 nanoparticles of various metals have been employed to reach and combat resistant bacteria in
Received in revised form intricacies of root canal system.
23rd October, 2017 Aim: This study aimed at synthesis of silver nanoparticles bychemical reduction method and their
Accepted 04th November, 2017 characterisation them using spectrophotometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis.
Published online 31st December, 2017 Methodology: Silver nanoparticles were synthesised by reducing a solution of silver nitrate with
Gallic acid.
Key words: Characterisation was done by two methods: spectrophotometer and nanoparticle tracking analysis
Silver nanoparticle, Results: The silver particles synthesized by the aforementioned method had spherical morphology
Antibacterial, and an average size of 32 nm and showed absorption peak at 425 nm.
Endodontic disinfection, Conclusion: Chemical synthesis of Silverr nanoparticles is a simple and inexpensive process and the
Characterisation. silver nanoparticles so produced can be used as endodontic irrigant for enhanced endodontic success
rates.
Copyright © 2017, Dr. Sai Kalyan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
ribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citation: Dr. Sai Kalyan, S., Dr. R. B. Vora, Dr. Chandki Rita and Dr. Basawaraj Channabasappa Biradar, 2017. “Synthesis and characterisation of
disinfectant International Journal of Current Research, 9, (12), 637
silver nanoparticles for potential use as an endodontic disinfectant”, 63719-63721.
INTRODUCTION
c. Smooth the way for root canal instruments during root
In recent times, an ecological approach to endodontic
canal shaping
infections has resulted in the understanding of Endodontic
d. Enable removal of infected dentin
Neelakantan et al.,
infection as a biofilm mediated disease (Neelakantan
e. Bactericidal
2017).. In view of the complex structure of Biofilms that
f. Should be safe to periapical tissues
renders the involved microbiota extremely resistant to
g. Should not result in tooth weakening
treatment procedures, achieving complete root canal
h. Should be able to reach the internal anatomic structures
disinfection as a means of treating endodontic disease still
within / intricacies of root canal system
remains elusive. Furthermore, It has been established that a
great fraction of the root canal surface
ce remains unaltered after
Till date, there is no single solution that can attain all the
instrumentation (Peters et al., 2001).. This has time and again
aforesaid tasks. Nanotechnology has been explored in this
emphasized the significance of using a chemical adjunct in
regard (Shrestha and KishenKishen, 2016; Wu et al., 2014;
order to achieve maximal disinfection of root canal system.
Muraleedaran and Mujeeb, 2015 2015) and it has been found that
This has led to the continuous search of an ideal
ide or nearly ideal
nanoparticles can serve as highly potent antimicrobials due to
disinfecting solution for achieving complete sterility of root
high surface area and charge densities and consequently
canal system. In this regard, a plethora of root canal irrigants
greater physical interaction with bacterial cell surface with
have been introduced, each with its own set of whip hand and
resultant enhanced bacterial kil killing (Sawai J. Shoji et al.,
limitations.
1998). A variety of nanoparticles including Zinc oxide, Silver
Ideal requisites of an Endodontic irrigant include and chitosan have been tried in the field of endodontic
(Haapasalo et al., 2010): disinfection with varying success rates (Guerreiro-Tanomaru
et al., 2013; Samiei et al., 2015
2015; DaSilva et al., 2013; Samiei
a. Flush out debris from the root canal system et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2014). This paper presents a simple and
b. Dissolution of Organic and Inorganic tissue inexpensive method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles and
characterisesthem using spectrophotometry and nanoparticle
*Corresponding author: Dr. Sai Kalyan, S.
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rural Dental College, tracking analysis.
Loni, Maharashtra, India.
63720 Dr. Sai Kalyan et al. Synthesis
ynthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles for potential use as an endodontic disinfectant
Methodology Nanoparticle tracking Analysis: A Nanosight-LM20
instrument
rument was used to carry out NTA analysis. A disposable
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles syringe was used to introduce 0.3 ml samples to the viewing
unit under black background to increase visibility. Particles
In order to prepare silver nanoparticles, a 100 ml of freshly moved under Brownian motion and appeared as point
prepared 0.01 M AgNO3 solution was placed in the reaction scatterers (Figure 3).
pot. Following this, a second solution made of 0.1 g of gallic
acid which functions as reducing agent and 0.1 M of deionised
dei
water was added to the first solution under magnetic stirring.
1.0 M NaOH was then added to adjust the pH of resulting
solution to 11 and solution was continuously stirred for
additional 20 minutes. (Figure 1)
Figure 3. Nanoparticle tracking for character
characterization
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The silver particles synthesized by the aforementioned method
had spherical morphology and an average size of 32 nm with
Figure 1. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles a concentration of 10.4*1010 particles/ml. On a UV-Visible
Figure 2. Spectrophotometer method for charecterization of nanoparticles
Characterisation of Silver Nanoparticles spectrophotometer, the prepared solution showed an
absorbence peak at 425 nm. This is particular of silver
Spectrophotometry: Thermo Biomate 3 UV-Visible UV nanoparticles because of their surface plasma resonance
spectrophotometer was used to monitor by Uv-vis
Uv spectra of absorption band. Increasing antimicrobial resistance is a
the solution at a range of 300-600
600 nm which is a measure of globally recognized problem in health care system and
bioreduction of silver ions in aqueous solution (Figure 2). endodontics is no exception (Gretchen et al., 2011).
63721 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 9, Issue, 12, pp.63719-63721, December, 2017
Conventional antimicrobial methods are incapable of Dibrov P, Dzoiba J, Gosink KK. and Häse CC. 2002.
combating the resistant microflora. Bacteria growing in a Chemiosmotic mechanism of antimicrobial activity of
biofilm are highly resistant to conventional disinfection Ag(+) in vibrio cholera. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:
methods and are several times more resistant than the 2668-2770.
samebacteria in planktonic state. Standard disinfection Gretchen B. Jungermann, Krystal Burns, RenuNandakumar,
protocols are often useless. A possible solution to this problem Mostafa Tolba, Richard A. Venezia and Ashraf F. Fouad.
could be development and application of nanaoparticles to 2011. Antibiotic resistance in primary and persistent
combat microbial infections. A plethora of metals have been endodontic infections. J Endod., 37(10): 1337–1344.
used in medicine for such applications. Silver is one of the Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Pereira KF, Nascimento CA,
most commonly used antimicrobial since decades inspite of Bernardi MI. and Tanomaru-Filho, M. 2013. Use of
some concerns (Chopra, 2007). Mechanism of action of silver nanoparticulate zinc oxide as intracanal medication
ions is proposed to be the electrostatic interaction between in endodontics: pH and antimicrobial activity. Acta
positively charged silver ions and negatively charged bacterial Odontol Latinoam., 26(3):144-8.
cell membrane (Dibrov et al., 2002). In nanopartculate form, Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W. and Gao, Y. 2010.
their antimircobial action is further enhanced because of Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am., 54(2):291-
extremely small size of the particles, polyionic nature and high 312.
surface charge (Chen et al., 2010). Literature reveals that silver Neelakantan P, Romero M, Vera J, Daood U, Khan AU, Yan
nanaoparticles are capable of quorum quenching and can A. and Cheung GSP. 2017. Biofilms in Endodontics-
prevent formation of resistant biofilms (Chaudhari et al., 2012). Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci., 11; 18
These properties make Silver nanoparticles, a potential (8).
irrigating solution for rootcanal disinfection P MR, Muraleedaran K and Mujeeb, VM. 2015.
Applications of chitosan powder with in situ synthesized
Conclusion nano ZnO particles as an antimicrobial agent. Int J
BiolMacromol., 77:266-72.
Use of nanoparticles for endodontic irrigation can be a Peters OA, Schönenberger K. and Laib A. 2001. Effects of
significant tool as the mechanism of action of nanoparticles is four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry
such that it evades bacterial defence mechanisms. In addition, assessed by micro computed tomography. Int Endod J.,
intrinsic antimicrobial activity of silver can enhance the overall 34(3):221-30.
effect of silver nanoparticles on root canal flora. Samiei M, Farjami A, Dizaj SM. and Lotfipour F. 2016.
Nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes in Endodontics: A
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