WIN LOVE G.
MONTECALVO OBTEC 1-5
FLA 3: Direction: Write a complete biography of our hero. (10 points)
DR. JOSE RIZAL’S COMPLETE BIOGRAPHY
Complete name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Birthdate: June 19, 1861
Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna
Mother’s name: Teodora Alonso Realonda
- born in Manila on November 8, 1826
- educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city
- a remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the
fortitude of Spartan women
- is a woman of more than ordinary culture: she knows literature and speaks Spanish (according
to Rizal)
- died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85
Father’s name: Francisco Mercado Rizal
- born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
- studied Latin and Philosophyat the College of San Jose in Manila
- became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda
- a hardy and independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong in
body and valiant in spirit
- died in Manila on January 5, 1898at the age of 80
- Rizal affectionately called him “a model of fathers”
Siblings:
1. Saturnina
2. Paciano
3. Narcisa
4. Olimpia
5. Lucia
6. Maria
7. (Jose)
8. Conception
9. Josefa
10. Trinidad
11. Soledad
June 22, 1861- aged three days old, Rizal was baptized in the Catholic church
Father Rufino Collantes- a Batangueño, the parish priest who baptized Rizal
Father Pedro Casanas- Rizal’s godfather, native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal family
Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery- the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was born
Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother
gathered
all the children at the house to pray the Angelus.
At the age of three, Rizal began to take a part in the family prayers
At the age of five, Rizal began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects
At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog comedy
PERSONS WHO INFLUENCED HIM:
Tio Jose Alberto- studied for eleven years in British school in Calcutta, India and had traveled in
Europe inspired Rizal to develop his artistic ability.
Tio Manuel- a husky and athletic man, encouraged Rizal to develop his frail body by means of
physical exercises.
Tio Gregorio- a book lover, intensified Rizal’s voracious reading of good book.
Father Leoncio Lopez- the old and learned parish priest of Calamba, fostered Rizal’s love
for scholarship and intellectual honesty.
Juancho-an old painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; freely give Rizal lessons
in drawing and painting
Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez- a great educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s professors who
inspired him to study harder and to write poetry
TEACHERS:
Teodora Alonso- the first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was remarkable woman of good
character and fine culture.
Maestro Celestino- Rizal’s first private tutor
Maestro Lucas Padua- Rizal’s second tutor
Leon Monroy- a former classmate of Rizal’s father became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose in
Spanish and Latin. He died five months later.
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- Rizal’s teacher in a private school in Biñan
Pedro- the teacher’s son which Rizal challenged to a fight
Andres Salandanan- challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match
Jose Guevara- Rizal’s classmate who also loved painting, became apprentices of the old painter “the
favorite painters of the class”- because of his artistic talent
Arturo Camps- a Frenchman friend of Rizal’s father who took care of him on board
June, 1869- Rizal left Calamba for Biñan accompanied by Paciano
Christmas in 1870 -Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the
steamer Talim which would take him from Biñan to Calamba
December 17, 1870 - Saturday afternoon, Rizal left Biñan after one year and a half of schooling
May 3, 1882 – Rizal traveled alone to Madrid, Spain and studied medicine at the Universidad Central de
Madrid where he earned the degree, Licentiate in Medicine.
June 16, 1875- Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo
1878 - he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he
felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors.
At 11 years old, he became a student at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila.
SCHOOL AND COURSES STUDIED:
University of Heidelberg (Eye specialization course)
Universidad Central de Madrid (Philosophy and Letters)
Universidad Central de Madrid (Licentiate in Medicine)
University of Santo Tomas (Ophthalmology units)
University of Santo Tomas (Philosophy and Letters units)
Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Land Surveyor & Assessor)
WORK EXPERIENCE:
Founder, La Liga Filipina, 1892
Editor, La Solidaridad
Clinical assistant, Dr. L. de Weckert's clinic, France
ORGANIZATIONS/AFFILIATIONS:
La Liga Filipina
Berlin Ethnographical Society
Berlin Anthropological Society
Gran Oriente de Espana, Acacia Lodge No. 9 (Freemason, 1884)
PUBLICATIONS:
Mi Ultimo Adios, 1898
Various essays, allegories, poems and editorials in La Solidaridad
El Filibusterismo, 1891
Noli Me Tangere, 1887
Annotations on Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas FilipinasN
PAINTINGS:
Dapitan church curtains, oil, 1894
Christ crucified, crayon, 1875
Spanish coat of arms, water color, 1867
Allegory on a pair of porcelain bases of the new year celebration, oil, 1886
Portrait of Morayta, crayon, 1885
Immaculate Conception, crayon
Saturnina Rizal, oil
A painting on a pair of mother-of-pearl, oil
SKETCHES:
Japan sketches, ink, 1888
Room in which El Filibusterismo was begun, crayon, 1887
Pencil sketch of Dr. Blumentritt, pencil, 1886
Monkey and the Tortoise, ink, 1886
Brooklyn Bridge, pencil, 1886
Limang Salita, ink, 1886
Notas Clinicas, ink, 1885
SS Djemnah, pencil, 1882
Manila, pencil, 1882
Singapore lighthouse, ink or pencil, 1882
Along Suez Canal, ink or pencil, 1882
Castle of St. ELmo, ink or pencil, 1882
Aden, ink or pencil, 1882
Fishes caught in Dapitan, ink
Noli Me Tangere cover, ink
Father Pablo Pastells
Leonor Rivera, crayon
Segunda Katigbak, ink
Sulpakan, ink
Mt. Makiling
POEMS:
Sa Aking Mga Kabata(To My Fellow Children)- Rizal’s first poem in native language at the age
of eight
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)- a poem about Rizal’s beloved town written
in 1876 when he was 15 years oldand was student in the Ateneo de Manila.
A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) - he wrote this when was 18 years old.
A las flores del Heidelberg
To the Philippines
Our Mother Tongue
Hymn to Labor
Kundiman
A Poem that Has No Title
Song of Maria Clara
To the Philippines Youth
To Josephine
Education Gives Luster to the Motherland
To the Virgin Mary
SCULPTURE:
Josephone Bracken (medallion), wood, 1896
Josephine sleeping, plaster, 1896
Father Jose Guerrico (bust), clay, 1894
Oyang Dapitana, clay, 1894
Sacred heart of Jesus, terra cotta, 1894
Mother's Revenge, clay, 1894
Dr. Ricardo Carnicero, clay, 1893
St. Paul the Hermit, clay, 1893
The Triumph of Death Over Life, clay, 1890
The Triumph of Science Over Death, clay, 1890
Dr. Francisco Mercado (bust), wood, 1888
Augustus Ceasar, clay, 1888
Julius Ceasar, clay, 1888
Sacred Heart of Jesus, wood, 1877
Felix Pardo de Tavera
Image of Virgin Mary, wood
Orate Frantes, wax
San Antonio de Padua, clay
Gen. Blanco (bust), ivory
SKILLS: sketching, sculpting, painting, farming, poetry and creative writing, martial arts, fencing, pistol
shooting
OTHER SUBJECTS OF INTEREST: architecture, cartography, economics, ethnology, anthropology,
sociology, history, photography, theology
LANGUAGES SPOKEN: Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian,
Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, and Filipino (Tagalog, Ilokano,
Bisayan, and Subanon)
Upon enrolling at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, he dropped the last three names that make up
his full name, on the advice of his brother, Paciano and the Mercado family, thus rendering his name as
"José Protacio Rizal". This was to enable him to travel freely and disassociate him from his brother, who
had gained notoriety with his earlier links to Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto
Zamora (popularly known as Gomburza) who had been accused and executed for treason. In 1877, at the
age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. He graduated as
one of the nine students in his class declared sobresaliente or outstanding.
In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at
the same time took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo. He
finished the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyor’s examination on May 21, 1878; but
because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December 30, 1881.
In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he
felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. On
On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on
June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of
"excellent."
While in Europe, Rizal became part of the Propaganda Movement, connecting with other
Filipinos who wanted reform. He also wrote his first novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) work that
detailed the dark aspects of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular focus on the role of
Catholic friars. The book was banned in the Philippines, though copies were smuggled in.
He also attended medical lectures at the University of Paris and the University of Heidelberg. In
Berlin, he was inducted as a member of the Berlin Ethnological Society and the Berlin Anthropological
Society under the patronage of the famous pathologist Rudolf Virchow. Following custom, he delivered
an address in German in April 1887 before the Anthropological Society on the orthography and structure
of the Tagalog language. He left Heidelberg a poem, "A las flores del Heidelberg", which was both an
evocation and a prayer for the welfare of his native land and the unification of common values between
East and West.
Rizal was a polymath, skilled in both science and the arts. He painted, sketched, and made
sculptures and woodcarving. He was a prolific poet, essayist, and novelist whose most famous works
were his two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. social commentaries during the Spanish
colonization of the country formed the nucleus of literature that inspired peaceful reformists and armed
revolutionaries alike. Rizal was also a polyglot, conversant in over twenty languages.
His awesomeness was described by his German friend, Dr. Adolf Meyer, as "stupendous."
Documented studies show him to be a polymath with the ability to master various skills and subjects. He
was an ophthalmologist, sculptor, painter, educator, farmer, historian, playwright and journalist. Besides
poetry and creative writing, he dabbled, with varying degrees of expertise, in architecture, cartography,
economics, ethnology, anthropology, sociology, dramatics, martial arts, fencing and pistol shooting.
Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892, feeling he needed to be in the country to effect change.
Although the reform society he founded, the Liga Filipino (Philippine League), supported non-violent
action, Rizal was still exiled to Dapitan, on the island of Mindanao. During the four years Rizal was in
exile, he practiced medicine and took on students.
In 1895, Rizal asked for permission to travel to Cuba as an army doctor. His request was
approved, but in August 1896, Katipunan, a nationalist Filipino society founded by Andres Bonifacio,
revolted. Though he had no ties to the group, and disapproved of its violent methods, Rizal was arrested
shortly thereafter.
November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago. In his
prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as "Ultimo Adios" which is considered a masterpiece
and a living document expressing not only the hero’s great love of country but also that of all Filipinos.
After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal association.
In the cold morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of life had been packed
with varied activities which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who
treat him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.
