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Matter Notes

The document discusses different types of matter including mixtures and pure substances. It defines solutions and describes two special types - colloids and suspensions. It differentiates between physical and chemical changes, listing characteristics of each. Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance's identity, while chemical properties describe how a substance can react to form new substances. The states of matter - solid, liquid, gas and plasma - are also outlined based on particle behavior and kinetic energy.

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50 views3 pages

Matter Notes

The document discusses different types of matter including mixtures and pure substances. It defines solutions and describes two special types - colloids and suspensions. It differentiates between physical and chemical changes, listing characteristics of each. Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance's identity, while chemical properties describe how a substance can react to form new substances. The states of matter - solid, liquid, gas and plasma - are also outlined based on particle behavior and kinetic energy.

Uploaded by

ATown19
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

WORKING WITH MATTER

 Anything that has mass takes up space


 Huge subject so we need to break it up into types
Mixtures and pure substances
 A has unlike parts and a composition that varies from sample to sample
 A heterogeneous mixture Has physically distinct parts with different properties
 Pure substances arte substances with a fixed composition (elements or combination of
elements)

Solutions

 Solute: what is dissolved (salt)


 Solvent: what does the dissolving(water)
 Almost all of the solutions used in this class are dissolved in water, it is known as the universal
solvent
 Saturated Solute can be dissolved

Two Special types of solutions

 Colloid: Has very small particles(muddy water)


 Suspension: Has large particles (stuff floating in ocean water)

What is a Physical Change?

 A physical change occurs when the substance state but does not change its chemical composition
for example: Water Freezing into ice, cutting a piece of wood into smaller pieces ,[Link]
appearances has changed, but the properties of the substance are the same

Characteristics of physical changes

 Melting Point
 Boiling Point
 Vapor pressure
 Color

 Density

 Electrical conductivity

 Solubility
 Adsorption to a surface

 Hardness

What are chemical changes?

 A chemical change occurs when a substance changes into something new.


This occurs due to Heating, Chemical Reaction, Etc.

Characteristics of chemical changes

 Reaction with acids


 Reaction with bases(Alkalis)
 Reaction with oxygen(Combustion)
 Ability to act as oxidizing agent

 Ability to act as reducing as reducing agent


 Reaction with other elements
 Decomposition into simpler substance
 Corrosion

How can we identify physical properties?

 Physical properties are those that we can determine without changing the identity of the substance
we are studying

Examples of physical properties

 The physical properties of sodium metal can be observed or measured. It is a soft, Lustrous,
silver-colored metal with a relatively low melting point an low density.
 A

What are chemical properties?

 Chemical properties describe the way a substance can change or react to form other substances

States of matter
 Solid: Particles bounded tightly together, particles can only vibrate, definite volume, definte
shape, lowest kinetic energy of particles
 Liquid: particles only slightly bonded, they can slide pass each other, definite volume, shape of
container
 Middle Kinetic Energy
 Gas: little attraction between particles, no definite shape or volume, particles will move anywhere
they can
 High kinetic energy
 Plasma: high energy particles, ions, and subatomic particles

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