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Hair Growth Disorders N Pigmentary Disorders

This document discusses several hair growth and pigmentation disorders. It describes the types of hair, diagnostic procedures for hair loss disorders, and provides details on specific conditions like alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and trichotillomania. It also covers pigmentation disorders including vitiligo, albinism, and melasma, outlining their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management approaches.

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mrosaregina michelle
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408 views7 pages

Hair Growth Disorders N Pigmentary Disorders

This document discusses several hair growth and pigmentation disorders. It describes the types of hair, diagnostic procedures for hair loss disorders, and provides details on specific conditions like alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and trichotillomania. It also covers pigmentation disorders including vitiligo, albinism, and melasma, outlining their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management approaches.

Uploaded by

mrosaregina michelle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Hair Growth Disorders

Hair types
Lanugo
Vellus
Terminal
Alopecia sikatrial
Alopesia non sikatrial
Diagnostic procedure:
Hair shedding count
Hair pull test
Hair pluck (trichogram)
Biopsy

Alopecia Areata
Etiology:
Autoimmune
Heredity
Pathogenesis:
Disturbed hair follicle cycling
(Anagen terminated prematurely Telogen)
Diagnosis:
Clinical manifestation
- Exclamation point hairs
Histologic findings
- Telogen
- Follicles miniaturize
- Peribulbar infiltrate

Management:
CS
PUVA
Minoxidil topical
Laser
Education & pshysiological support

Androgenetic Alopecia
Gradual loss of hairs, chiefly from the vertex & frontotemporal regions
Etiology:
Heredity
Androgen dependent
Pathogenesis:
Follicles miniaturized + Shortening of anagen duration

Telogen
Finer & lighter hairs vellus hairs

Hamilton
classification

Ludwig classification

Diagnosis:
Clinical manifestation
Histologic findings
- Telogen
- Follicles miniaturize
- No inflammatory cells
- Variability in shaft diameter
Management:
Minoxidil topical
Finasteride oral
Antiandrogen oral
Hair transplantation

Telogen Effluvium
Excessive shedding of normal telogen club hairs
Induced by:
Surgery
Parturition
Fever
Drugs
Dieting
Diseases
Traction
Pathogenesis:
Precipitous shift of anagen hairs to telogen hairs shed
Clinical manifestation:
Hair lost at the root
Diffuse
Diagnosis:
Anamnesis
Clinical manifestation
Hair Pull test > 4-6 club hairs
Histologic findings
Telogen hairs (12-15%)
Visible depigmented club-shapped bulb
Differential diagnosis:
Androgenetic alopecia
Trichotillomania
Management:
~ precipitating factors

Trichotillomania
Compulsive practice of plucking hairs
~ obsesive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, depression
Clinical manifestation:
Irregular patches
Rough texture
Variability length
Diagnosis:
Anamnesis
Skin window
Histologic findings
Empty anagen follicles
Pigmen cast
Hemorrhage
Differential diagnosis:
Alopecia areata
Management:
Behaviour modification
Psychotherapy & psychopharmacologic

Pigmentary
Disorders

VITILIGO
50% < 20 yrs
>
Clinical Manifestations:
Depigmented white patches
Various sizes & configurations
4 types:
Localized / focal / segmental
Generalized
Universal
Acrofacial
Etiology: Multifactorial genetic basis
Pathogenesis:
Autoimmunity
Humoral
Autocytotoxicity
Cellular immune mechanisms
Associated conditions:
Ocular abnormalities
Diabetes Mellitus
Thyroiditis
Alopecia areata
Management:
Spontaneous recovery < 15 - 20%
Cosmetic concern
Sun protection
Topical steroid
Tacrolimus ointment
Phototherapy
Surgical treatment
Total depigmentation

ALBINISM
Partial or complete congenital absence of pigmen in the:
Skin, Hair & Eyes Occulocutaneous Albinism (OCA 1-4)
Eyes Occular Albinism

Pathogenesis:
Enzymatic deffects Dysruption of melanin synthesis

MELASMA
Brown patches with irregular borders & symmetric distribution in the face
Epidemiology:
, reproductive age, darker skin
Etiopathogenesis:
Genetik
Hormonal
UV radiation
Cosmetic
Medication
Clinical pattern:
Centrofacial
Malar
Mandibular
Diagnostic procedure:

Woods lamp
Management:
Sun Protection
Hypopigmenting agents
Hydroquinone, tretinoid, azelaic acid, kojic acid, Kligman formula
Chemical peels
Laser

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