Unit (7)

Extreme Situations
New Vocabulary:-
Descent:going deeper down into something
Tough:verystrong or hard
Cope:to get used to something and deal with it
Summit: the very top of something (usually mountain)
Exhausted:very tired or finished
Landscape: the view or scenery surrounding you
Stream:running water like a small river
Tolerate: to bear something and be able to deal with it
Confront: come face to face someone or something
Epic: unusual and extraordinary, heroic
Expedition:a journey to explore or find something
Trek: a difficult journey
Leg:a stage in the journey
Crawl: move slowly on the hands and knees
Shiver: to shake because of fear or cold
Limp:towalk unstable because of injury in one leg
Endure: to face or go through
Adapt: get used to and cope with
Adopt: to raise someone or something as your own (e.g. orphan child or idea)
Struck: hit
Stun: to lose balance and cannot move
Provoke: make someone or something mad or nervous
Choose the correct answer:-

1- She collapsed with ___ after walking for days.

a) exhaustion b) temperatures c) endurance d) strength
2- How can a ship just ___ in the middle of the oceanand never be seen
again?
a) strike b) injure c) vanish d) hit
3- The pilot changed the direction of the plane to ___hitting the side of the
mountain.
a) avoid b) achieve c) prevent d) stop
4- What problems would you have to ___ inthe desert?
a) succeed b) confront c) struggle d) fail
5- It was difficult for the survivors to ___ thefreezing temperatures.
a) give up b) cope with c) persist d) stay
6- The explorer made a ___ along the length of theAmazon River.
a) swim b) accident c) journey d) deal
7- We began to ___ with cold as thetemperature dropped.
a) shiver b) suffer c) endure d) strike
8- Sharks wont attack unless you ___ them.
a)influence b) provoke c) persist d) encourage
9- We reached the ___ of the mountain after afive-hour hike.
a) limits b)field c) summit d) up
10- It took me a long time to ___ after the expedition.
a) recover b) tolerate c) overcome d) stay

Grammar
Past Perfect Simple & Past PerfectContinuous
 Past Simple vs. Past Perfect

Past perfect simple Past perfect continuous

Usage : 1-To describe an action Usage :1- we use it also to
that happened before another describe an action that
action in the past : I had gone happened before another action
to school before I met my in the past , but we use the past
friends perfect continuous to express
2-Action or something that how long the first action was in
happened before a specific time progress Ex. We had been
in the past usually we use the waiting for her all morning
word by : By 6 oclock before she called us.
yesterday I had gone to the 2-We dont know if the action is
party completed or not Ex.: he had
3-Something that happened in been exercising , so he was
the past that had an effect on a tired.
later action : She had earned a
lot of money so she decided to
buy a new car
Form : Form :
Subj + had +v.P.P Subj + had + been + [Link]
I had gone to school She had been playing all day
Negative form : we use hadnt Negative Form : we use hadnt
She hadnt played football
Question Form : Had she gone She hadnt been playing all
to the party ? morning
No, she hadnt . Question form : Had they been
playing all day ?
Yes , they had
Key Words : after before Key words : after / before / by
until when as soon as by the time / as soon as / when /
already - just all day / for ages / for a long
time / for very long.
REMEMBER :
After /as soon as +Past
perfect , past simple
Past simple + after /as soon as
+ Past perfect
[Link] she had an accident ,
she went to the hospital.
Before/By the time + Past
simple , Past perfect
Past perfect + before/by the
time + Past simple
Ex. Before she went to school ,
she had finished her homework.
Didnt + inf + until + Past
perfect : ex : I didnt go to
school until I had eaten my
breakfast
By + time + Past perfect
By 7 oclock last week , we had
played tennis.

Unit 7
Past Simple & Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous

1- They ___ to find water the day before theywere rescued.

a)had been managing b)had managed c)manage
2-The plane ___ over the Alps when it got caught ina storm.
a)flew b)had flown c)had been flying
3-Who ___ to ask for help if you need some assistance?
a)had you called b)calls you c)will you call
4-___ your tents by the time the rain started?
a)Did you put up b)Had you put up c)Had you been putting up
5-He ___ his leg, so he couldnt go skiing.
a)had been breaking b)had broken c)break
6-She had ___ for hours before she reachedthe village.
a)walks b)walking c)been walking
7-I ___ that hiking in the mountains would be so difficult until I actually
attempted it.
a)hadnt been imagining b)didnt imaginec)hadnt imagined
8-Andrew didnt have any difficulty on the dangerousslopes since he ___ for
years.
a)had skied b)had been skiing c)skied
9-They found the injured explorer, ___ him to hospitaland contacted his
family.
a)took b)had taken c)had been taking
10-I was starving because I ___ anything for three days.
a)hadnt been eating b)had eaten c)hadnt eaten
1- My aunt is very rich because my uncle ___ millionsbefore he died.
a) has made b) was making c) have been making d) had made
2- 'Had they told the actor about the award before hecame on stage?'
'No, they ___ .'
a) hadn't b) hasn't c) hadn't told d) didnt
3- Karen ___ well for ages, so she looked very tired.
a) didnt sleep b) hasn't slept c) hadn't been sleepingd) wasn't sleeping
4- Sandra had ___ seen a worse film than CrazyMutant Aliens.
a) yet b) ever c) never d) since
5- The journalist ___ for weeks before he got what he waslooking for.
a) was nosing aboutb) nosed aboutc) had been nosing aboutd) is nosing
about
6- ' ___ the novel before you saw the film?''Yes, and the book was better.'
a) Have you readb) Had you readc) You had read d) Were you reading
7- Julia was very hungry because she ___ all week.
a) dieting b) had been dieting c) dieted d) diets
8- By the time he got to the theatre, the play ___ .
a) started b) has started c) had start d) had started
9- 'Had they been gossiping about you whenyou ___ in?''Yes, I think so.'
a) were walking b) walked c) had walked d) have walked
10- They ___ who she was until her fans startedscreaming her name.
a)not realize b) hasn't realized c) hadn't realized d) haven't realized

Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets:-

1-Andy does his homework after he eats lunch. (Had)
..
2- Does he go to school every day? (Yesterday)
..
3- Our dinner was burnt an hour ago. (Had been)
..
4- Iwill have an exam tomorrow. (Last week)
..
5-She first got dressed, then went out. (After)
..
6- He is waiting for his wife. Here she comes. (Had been)
..
7-There are lots of people in the museum today. (Yesterday)
..
8-The woman slept. Then, her husband came home. (Before)
..
9- They often go to the club and play football there. (Had.. last week)
..
10-After we finished the training, we had a shower. ( before )
..
1- She ate her breakfast and she went to work. (after)
..
2- He had been following me for 2 hours before I noticed him. (How
long..?)
..
3- I bought a new car and started taking driving lessons. (had)
..
4- She fell asleep before by the end of the film. (By the
time)
..
5- The twins had been fighting all day before their dad arrived. (Why..?)
..
6- She had done a lot of research before she went to the exam. (any)
..
7- Mark had never been to a circus before. (ever)
..
8- He won the Oscar and retired. (had)
..
9- He had been painting his room for hours before he was tired. (What..?)
..
10- I had lunch and drank tea. (before)
..
11-By the time I arrived at the cinema, the film had started.
( After )
......................................................................................................
.................................................
12-They went out after it stopped raining.
( before )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

13-I left the house and then it started to rain.

( As soon as )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

14-Ali ate his lunch and left home.

( By the time )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

15-After he had finished his studies, he got a job.

( Having )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

16-As soon as I got money, I bought a camera.

( until )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

17-He took the medicine after he had been ill. (

He didn't )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

18-I read the message. Then I knew the time of his arrival.
( Before )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

19-I didn't go to bed until I had had my supper.

( After )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

20-Having handed the report, he handed it to his boss.

( After )
........................................................................................................
...............................................

21-While I was staying in England I visited the Big Ben.

(During)
........................................................................................................
...............................................

22- First, he finished his work. Then, he left the office.

(until)
........................................................................................................
...............................................

23- She bought a car after she had learnt to drive. (It
wasn't until)
........................................................................................................
...............................................

24-The doctor arrived but the patient died. (By the time)
........................................................................................................
...............................................
25- I phoned him immediately after he had arrived. (Hardly
when)
........................................................................................................
...............................................

26- We watered the garden. Then we cleaned the house.

(When)
........................................................................................................
...............................................

27- After he had written several letters, he went to bed.

(Having)
........................................................................................................
...............................................

28- Nabil did his homework, then he watched TV. (After /

Before)
........................................................................................................
...............................................

Writing :
Write a story that Ends with " And her mother was so proud of her ."
........................................................................................................
.....

Unit (8)
Time to Spare
New vocabulary:
Pastime: hobby or activity that gives pleasure
Flip on: turn on
Cavers: people who explore caves
Limestone: a kind of rocks made mainly of calcium carbonate
Cut out for: made suitable for
Take up: begin again or resume
Crayfish: fresh water animals that look like lobsters
Cookery: the hobby of cooking and making dishes
Martial arts: a sport like karate, kung fo
Sculpture: making shapes and statues out of wood, rock or metal
Leisure: free time for pleasure
illustrate: describe through pictures
Contestants: people who are competing in a contest or championship
Necessities: very important and necessary
Descend: go down
Exhilarating: giving a boost of energy or happiness

Choose the correct answer:-

1- Even though I like photography, Im not ___ it because Icant hold the
camera steady.
a) keen on b) cut out for c) took to
2- I didnt really enjoy exploring the cave as the air wascold and ___.
a) lost b) heavy c) damp
3- What type of hobby would you take ___ if you hadmore time?
a) for b) up c) out
4- My mum writes adventure stories in her spare timeand my dad ___ them.
a) draws b) illustrates c) writes
5- My favourite ___ is painting landscapes.
a) video b) pastime c) dance step
6- We were ___ by the sculptures we saw at thearchaeological museum last
weekend.
a) fascinated b) entertaining c) organised
7- His designs made a great ___ on the judges and hewon the first prize.
a) support b) photography c) impression
8- Dont ___ about getting a black belt in karate orsomebody might ask you
to prove it!
a) show off b) take up c)find out
9-If I win first prize, it will ___ for a celebration. Illinvite you all to the party!
a) call b) take c) pass
10- Taking part in ___ is a good way to keep fit and to learn to protect
yourself.
a) ballet b) martial arts c) cookery
 Unit 8
Modals, Semi Modals and Modals Perfect

Choose the correct answer:-

1- Why dont we call Jane? She ___ want to come to thetheatre with us.
a) mustnt b) could have c) may
2- Its a shame that you ___ come to the museum withus today.
a) dont have to b) neednt c) arent able to
3- ___ use your equipment to go caving?
a) Can I b) I have to c) Will I have
4- You ___bring any equipment with you because the clubprovides everything.
a) can b) ought to c) neednt
5- Grandma ___ very young when she took thesephotos of her classmates.
a) should have been b) must have been c) could be
6- Im sure you ___ enjoyed camping with uslast summer.
a) may have b) would have c) should have
7- If its a nice day tomorrow, they ___ sailing aroundthe bay.
a) may have gone b) could go c) may go
8- If you like, you ___ borrow my book.
a) can b) are able to c) must
9- You ___ to take up a hobby to pass the time.
a) must b) should c) ought
10- You ___ spend so much time watching television.
a) shouldnt b) dont have c) may have
1- Dwayne ____ me this email; he doesn't know how to usea computer.
 a) couldn't have sentb) can't sendc) mustn't sendd) shouldnt have sent
2- 'Hey David, ___ you switch off that light for me, please?'
a) may b) might c) can d) must
3- NASA ___ launch a space shuttle next year, but it'snot certain.
a) might b) would c) should d) can
4- You ___ take anything to eat; there are lots of vendingmachines there.
a) mustn't b) wouldn't c) shouldn't d) needn't
5- We ___ you the money for a new mobile phone, butyou didn't ask.
a) would have givenb) may have givenc) neednt have givend) can't have
given
6- 'Excuse me, Dr Jones, ___ I borrow your researchnotes, please?
a) should b) must c) may d) need
7- You ___do this experiment right now; it can waittill later.
a) mustn't b) shouldn't c) wouldn't d) don't have to
8- Jody ___ a maths teacher; she doesn't know how toadd two and two!
a) needn't be b) can't be c) mustn't be d) doesn't have to be
9- My father ___ use a computer a year ago, but now he's an expert!
a) shouldn't b) mustn't c) can't d) couldn't
10- The biology professor ____ here by now; she'svery late.
a) must be b) should have beenc) can't have beend) was able to be
1. I (am able may neednt) take up yoga but Im not sure yet.
2. You (ought might may) to eat a lot of fresh fruit and vegetables.
3. She (doesnt have ought not shouldnt) eat ready meals.
4. It (should might ought) be a good idea to get a bike.
5. Try taking some supplements it (cant - could ought) help you.
6. (Neednt I have Ought I Should I) take a lot of rest after the operation?
7. You (can have must) to strengthen your legs to go skiing.
8. (Would May Ought) I join in the aerobics class today?
9. I (cant dont have to neednt) control my weight can you help me?
10-You (could not ought not may not) leave the table until youve finished
your meal.
11-She (has ought to would) do more aerobics exercise.
12-He (might not neednt ought not) be able to come to the match
tomorrow.
13-Im not sure, but I (might ought should) be allergic to nuts.
14-We (may neednt should) go to the gym today Lets go for a swim
instead.

Re-write these sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets:
1. Sally is not allowed to go to the club. (Can)
..
2. The policeman ordered her to stop. (Must)
..
3. We are certain her dad helped her do it. (Must)
..
4. He didnt come because nobody asked him to. (Would)
..
5. Its possible that he wasnt the wanted man. (May)
..
6. My brothers were not allowed to watch TV. (Can)
..
7. Jack was wrong not to follow the judges orders. (Should)
.
8. Laila didnt have to come back from Australia. (Need not)
..
9. Its impossible he had forgotten to get his daughter. (Must)
..
10. They didnt join the team because they werent asked to. (Would)
..
1. Suzan is not going to the Club. She is sick. (Should)
..
2. The teacher should finish work 3 hours from now. (3 hours ago )
..
3. They must have breakfast everyday before going to work. (Mustnt..?)
..
4. Tom should stay in bed till the fever goes. (Why..?)
..
5. Jack isnt back from China yet. (by now)
..
6. The police should have been here by now. (Shouldnt..?)
..
7. The hospital should be finished after two years from now. (two years ago.)
..
8. He couldnt have forgotten about the meeting. (Could..?)
..
9. I think they have to work harder to get the bonus. (hard enough)
..
10. You could have studied harder for the exam. (Couldnt..?)
..
11-The thief was trying to rob the car and he caused the alarm of the car to
ring yesterday ( set )

12-There was someone entered Mona's computer system and stole

everything ( into )

13-Dont forget to turn off the computer before you leave ( shut )
..
14-It's dangerous how kids become addicted to computer games ( addiction )
.
15-Telescopes send out a lot of clear pictures from the space that help the
scientist in their researches ( beam)

..
16-Theres no way she made the meal in 30 minutes. (cant)

17-They didnt try hard enough to lose weight. (should)

18-Is it possible that Ben was allergic to milk? (could)

19-You arent allowed to stop taking this medicine. (mustnt)



20-Its possible that Jo went to the doctors. (might)

21-Im sure Carla was ill because she left work early. (must)

22-Its wrong of her to miss her doctors appointment. (shouldnt)

23-Perhaps she cancelled the training session. (may)

Writing : Write a postcard to your friend Ahmed to tell him about your holiday in
Greece

 Model Exam on Unit (7-8)

Choose the correct answer:
1-I dont think Im ___ football, because Icant even see the ball.
a) keen on b) cut out for c) took to
2- Her favourite ___ is watching birds.
a) video b) pastime c) dance step
3- Hervoice made a great ___ on the judges and shewon the first prize.
a) support b) photography c) impression
4- ___ use your car to go to college?
a) Can I b) I have to c) Will I have
5- Grandma ___ very young when she took thesephotos of her classmates.
a) should have been b) must have been c) could be
6-The plane ___ over the Alps when it got caught ina storm.
a)flew b)had flown c)had been flying
7-I ___ that hiking in the mountains would be so difficult!!!
a)hadnt imagined b)didnt imaginec)hadnt been imagining
8-She ___ herarm, so she couldnt go bowling.
a)had been breaking b)had broken c)break
9- We reached the ___ of the mountain after afive-hour hike.
a) limits b)field c) summit
10- We began to ___ with cold as thetemperature dropped.
a) shiver b) suffer c) endure

Re-write the following sentences:

1- Does he go to school every day? (Yesterday)
..
2- He is waiting for his wife. Here she comes. (Had been)
..
3-After we finished the training, we had a shower. (Before)
..
4. Jack was wrong not to follow the judges orders. (Should)
.
5. Sally is not allowed to go to the club. (Can)
..

Complete the following dialogue:

Adam: ..?
Barbara: When I have time, I sometimes draw and paint.
Adam: Oh, you actually do that?
Barbara: ...
Adam: Did you always know how to draw and paint?
Barbara: ...
Adam: ...?
Barbara: Yes, it was my favorite class.
Adam: Talent is a great thing, I wish .
Barbara: Everyone has a talent. They just need to find it.

Writing:
You were chosen to write an article in your school magazine. Write aboutthe
most common pastimes of your classmates.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Unit (9)
High Tech World

New Vocabulary:-

Deter: prevent from happening by means of fear

Commit: do
surveillance: to watch people without them knowing
Lifeguard: professional swimmers that save people from drowning
Vote: to express a choice or opinion
detect: find out or discover
predict: know what will happen or expect
set off: cause something to happen
Put up: build or put in a higher position
gadget: any mechanical or electronic device
laboratory: the place where scientists do their experiments
literate: can read or write knows how to use a certain language
habitat: the environment where someone or something lives
trackers: people who search for or follow someone or something
closed circuit TV: a camera linked to a TV for monitoring or surveillance
Choose the correct answer:
1- GPS navigators began to ___ hotcakes after theadvertising campaign.
a) set off b) sell like c) put up
2- Mobile phones have ___ the way we [Link] much easier to
contact each other now.
a) installed b) predicted c) revolutionized
3- The police used the surveillance camera to identifythe people who had ___
the crime.
a) committed b) detected c) developed
4-Its difficult to find a job these days if you arentcomputer ___.
a) state of the art b) developed c) literate
5- We installed a ___ in our home to deter criminals.
a) database b) guarantee c) closed circuit TV
6- The ___ for the TV isnt working because the batteries are flat.
a) USB stick b) camcorder c) remote control
7- Our company ___ the field in the production ofcomputer hardware.
a) leads b) makes c) sells
8- This new gadget is top of the ___ as it is moreeffective than similar
products.
a) test b) art c) range
9- Some people do not use a(n) ___ as they believe itis bad for their health.
a) alarm b) microwave oven c) security door
10- As more people want to save energy, ___appliances will become more
popular in the future.
a) digital b) electrical c) solar-powered

Grammar
Passive voice
An active sentence like I drank two cups of coffee has the subject first
(the person or thing that does the verb), followed by the verb, and finally the
object (the person or thing that the action happens to).

So, in this example, the subject is 'I', the verb is 'drank' and the object is 'two
cups of coffee'.

But, we don't always need to make sentences this way. We might want to put
the object first, or perhaps we don't want to say who did something. This can
happen for lots of reasons (see the explanation further down the page). In this
case, we can use a passive, which puts the object first:

Two cups of coffee were drunk (we can add 'by me' if we want, but it isn't
necessary).
How to make the Passive in English

We make the passive by putting the verb 'to be' into whatever tense we need
and then adding the past participle. For regular verbs, we make the past
participle by adding 'ed' to the infinitive. So play becomes played.

Tense Active Passive

present simple I make a cake. A cake is made (by me).

present A cake is being made (by
I am making a cake.
continuous me).

past simple I made a cake. A cake was made (by me).

A cake was being made (by

past continuous I was making a cake.
me).

A cake has been made (by

present perfect I have made a cake.
me).

pres. perf. I have been A cake has been being

continuous making a cake. made (by me).

A cake had been made (by

past perfect I had made a cake.
me).

future simple I will make a cake. A cake will be made (by me).

I will have made a A cake will have been

future perfect
cake. made (by me).

Verbs with two objects

Some verbs that have two objects can make two different active sentences, and
so two different passive sentences too:

Give

Active: He gave me the book / He gave the book to me.

You can choose either of the two objects to be the subject of the passive
sentence.
 Passive: I was given the book (by him)/ The book was given to me (by
him).
Other verbs like this are: ask, offer, teach, tell, lend, promise, sell, throw.

The passive in subordinate clauses

You can make the passive in a subordinate clause that has a subject and a
normal conjugated verb. This is really the same as a normal passive.

Active: I thought that Mary had kissed John.

Passive: I thought that John had been kissed by Mary.
Active: He knew that people had built the church in 1915.
Passive: He knew that the church had been built in 1915.
You can also make the passive using a passive gerund or a passive infinitive in
the same place as a normal gerund or infinitive.
The child loves being cuddled.
She would like to be promoted.
When should we use the Passive?

1. When we want to change the focus of the sentence:

o The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (We are more
interested in the painting than the artist in this sentence)
2. When who or what causes the action is unknown or
unimportant or obvious or 'people in general':
o He was arrested (obvious agent, the police).
o My bike has been stolen (unknown agent).
o The road is being repaired (unimportant agent).
o The form can be obtained from the post office (people in general).
3. In factual or scientific writing:
o The chemical is placed in a test tube and the data entered into the
computer.
4. In formal writing instead of using someone/ people/ they
(these can be used in speaking or informal writing):
o The brochure will be finished next month.
 5. In order to put the new information at the end of the sentence
to improve style:
o Three books are used regularly in the class. The books were written
by Dr. Bell. ('Dr. Bell wrote the books' sound clumsy)
6. When the subject is very long:
o I was surprised by how well the students did in the test. (More
natural than: 'how well the students did in the test surprised me')

Unit 9
The Passive Voice

Choose the correct answer:-

1- We havent ___ how to use this device yet.
a) be shown b) been shown c) being shown
2- The blood samples ___ in the laboratory atthe moment.
a) have been tested b) will have been tested c) are being tested
3- Does this research have ___ this week?
a) been finished b) to be finished c) be finished
4- The manager decided the report should ___ by email.
a) not being sent b) to not be sent c) not be sent
5- Will the employees personal information ___ inthe database?
a) be storing b) be stored c) been stored
6- During the robbery, the surveillance camera at thebank ___ by the
criminals.
a) is being damaged b) is damaged c) was damaged
7- When is the project going ___?
a) be completed b) to be completed c) being completed
8- The printer cant have ___; the paper still gets stuck.
a) been repaired b) be repaired c) being repaired
9- Many companies ___ in the mass productionof computers.
a) were being involved b) to be involved c) were involved
10- USB sticks can ___ to transfer files betweentwo computers.
a) are used b) be used c) are being used
1- My locks ___ yet, I'm still waiting!
a) hasn't been installed b) aren't being install
c) haven't been installed d) haven't installed
2-___ the famous bank robber is living in Brazil.
a) Is it known that b) It is know c) It is know thatd) It is known that
3- After he ___ back to his cell, he began to shout.
a) had been taken b) is being taken c) was being taken d) has been
taken
4-The statement ___ by the lawyer later today.
a) will be being made b)was made c) will be made d) has been
made
5-The blackmailer denied____ the money.
a) being given b) to be given c) be given d) was given
6-The two men agreed ___ by security.
a) could be searched b) be searched c) to be searched d) being
searched
7- The police found my laptop and ___ it to melater today.
a) has been returned b)will return c)will be returned d) is going to
return
8- The criminal ___ today by Judge William.
a) is being sentenced b) being sentencedc) is sentenced d) is being
sentence
9-___ with murder? 'Yes, isn't it shocking?'
a) Was the woman charged b) Will the woman charged
c) The woman was charged d) The woman will be charged
10-___ her fingerprints taken at the moment?
a) Is the looter having b) Does the looter have
c) Will the looter have d) Is the looter to have

Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets :

1- Tina lost her phone in the mall. (The phone...)
..
2- Adam and his friends are playing tennis. (Tennis)
..
3- The policeman protects people. (People)
..
4- My mom has prepared a cake. (A Cake)
..
5- The maid is cleaning the rooms. (The Rooms)
..
6- Cats chase mice in the alleys. (Mice)
..
7- My father is going to the club. (The Club)
.
8- Mike has watched this movie before. (This Movie)
..
9- School is gone to by students every day. (Students)
..
10- Dinner is being prepared. (The servants)
..
1- Jack has eaten the meat sandwich. (The meat sandwich..)
..
2- Tina and her friends are washing the dishes. (The dishes)
..
3- People know that aliens are not real. (Aliens)
..
4- My mother works in the bank. (The bank)
..
5- Our team will win the match today. (The match)
..
6- Some people consider junk food as a delicacy. (Junk food)
..
7- The plane crashed into the building. (The building)
.
8- The police should arrest war criminals. (War criminals)
..
9- Sarah has eaten two pizzas already. (Two pizzas..)
..
10- Dinner is being served. (The waiters)
..
18-Storms often cause terrible damages ( Passive )
..
19-they had involved the coast guard ( by )
..
20-The police were investigating the burglary ( being )
..
21- We moved the residents away from the burning building ( the
residents)
..
22-We will bring food as soon as possible ( be )
..
23- They are building a new house ( being )
..
24- We have been writing an E-mail ( an E-mail )
..
25- They will have finished their work by next Monday ( their work )
-..
26- She could solve her problems ( be )
..
27- He likes people admiring him ( being )
..
28-We made him stop smoking ( He..)
..
29-Manal may give me a present ( a present )
..
30-They saw him watching a film on T.V ( passive )
..
31-She will roast the meat ( be )
..
32- I did my homework ( done)
..
33- My mum bought me a gift ( I )
..
34- They have already done the dishes ( passive )
..
35- They have waste a lot of time recently ( is )
..

Writing : Write an Essay about " How can we make a good use of technology "

Unit (10)
Thats Entertainment
New Vocabulary:

Rappers: people who sing Rap songs

Commercials: Advertisements for different products
Campaign: a gathering to achieve a certain goal
Tolerance: the ability to bear something or someone
Soap opera: a TV drama made in several episodes
Cast: the actors in a play, movie.
Rehearse: practice a role in a movie or play
Spectacular: impressive and astonishing
Witty: very clever and humorous
Box office: The amount of money received from ticket sales for a movie
Rhythm: the pattern of sound or music
Beat: the sound when you play the drum
Costumes:An outfit or a disguise worn in plays or parties
Backstage: the area behind the performing space in a theater
Compulsory: obligatory, must do

Choose the correct answer:-

1- The plot must have been written by someone withan active ___.
a) creation b) imagination c) culture
2- Dads watching a ___ about the life of a rock singer.
a) documentary b) commercial c) soundtrack
3- She gave a convincing performance as one of themain ___ in the film.
a) announcements b) characters c) lines
4- The play makes a statement about the___thatsome groups of people face.
a) lyrics b) plot c) discrimination
5- The talented young ___ has been writing musicsince he was a child.
a) perfectionist b) producer c) composer
6- I didnt think the new reality show would ___, butits really popular.
a) catch on b) sell out c) act out
7- The actors will have to ___ for months to be readyfor the opening
performance.
a) review b) form c) rehearse
8- The musical is a great production so the tickets will___ quickly.
a) give out b) sell out c) grow out of
9- The group was asked to ___ a contract with therecord company.
a) co-operate b) sign c) broadcast
10- Hes one of the most famous rappers on thehip-hop ___.
a) cast b) beat c) scene

Grammar
Reported Speech
Reported Statements
When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for
example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell
someone else what the first person said.

Watch my reported speech video:

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. If this verb is in the present tense,
it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

Direct speech: I like ice cream.

Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the
'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like
'my' and 'your'.

(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in
English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same
if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the
tenses in the reported speech:

Direct speech: I like ice cream.

Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech

present
I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream.
simple

present I am living in
She said (that) she was living in London.
continuous London
 She said (that) she had bought a car OR
past simple I bought a car
She said (that) she bought a car.

past I was walking She said (that) she had been walking
continuous along the street along the street.

present I haven't seen

She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
perfect Julie

I had taken
She said (that) she had taken English
past perfect* English lessons
lessons before.
before

will I'll see you later She said (that) she would see me later.

I would help,
would* She said (that) she would help but...
but..

I can speak She said (that) she could speak perfect

can
perfect English English.

I could swim She said (that) she could swim when she
could*
when I was four was four.

shall I shall come later She said (that) she would come later.

I should call my She said (that) she should call her

should*
mother mother

might* I might be late She said (that) she might be late

must I must study at She said (that) she must study at the
the weekend weekend OR She said she had to study at
 the weekend

* doesn't change.

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the
information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are
general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):

Direct speech: The sky is blue.

Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and
negative sentences. But how about questions?

Direct speech: Where do you live?

How can we make the reported speech here?

In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are
the same, and we keep the question word. The very important thing though is
that, once we tell the question to someone else, it isn't a question any more. So
we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence. A bit
confusing? Maybe this example will help:
Direct speech: Where do you live?
Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense.
We make a present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that
away. Then I need to change the verb to the past simple.

Another example:
Direct speech: Where is Julie?
Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.
The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of
the present simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and
verb. So, we need to change them back before putting the verb into the past
simple.
Here are some more examples:

Direct Question Reported Question

Where is the Post Office,

She asked me where the Post Office was.
please?

What are you doing? She asked me what I was doing.

She asked me who that fantastic man had

Who was that fantastic man?
been.

So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no'
question? We don't have any question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':

Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?

Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.
No problem? Here are a few more examples:

Direct Question Reported Question

Do you love me? He asked me if I loved him.

Have you ever been to Mexico? She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.

Are you living here? She asked me if I was living here.

Reported Requests
There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)?
For example:

Direct speech: Close the window, please

Or: Could you close the window please?
Or: Would you mind closing the window please?
All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every
word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to +
infinitive':

Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.

Here are a few more examples:

Direct Request Reported Request

Please help me. She asked me to help her.

Please don't smoke. She asked me not to smoke.

She asked me to bring her book that

Could you bring my book tonight?
night.

Could you pass the milk, please? She asked me to pass the milk.

Would you mind coming early She asked me to come early the next
tomorrow? day.

To report a negative request, use 'not':

Direct speech: Please don't be late.

Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.
Reported Orders
And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an
'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For
example:

Direct speech: Sit down!

In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We
just use 'tell' instead of 'ask':

Reported speech: She told me to sit down.

Direct Order Reported Order

Go to bed! He told the child to go to bed.

Don't worry! He told her not to worry.

Be on time! He told me to be on time.

Don't smoke! He told us not to smoke.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech

Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to

change time expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It
depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported
speech.

For example:

It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today".

If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on
Monday".
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".
So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct
speech was said.

Here's a table of some possible conversions:

now then / at that time

today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June

the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of
yesterday
December

last night the night before, Thursday night

last week the week before / the previous week

tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday

Unit 10
Reported Speech

Choose the correct answer:-

1- Andrew asked her ___ seen the group on stage.
a) that she had b) what had she c) whether she had
2- The drama teacher said she ___ us our lines to rehearse later that day.
a) would give b) will give c) has given
3- The director asked the cast ___ late for the performance.
a) dont be b) not to be c) to not be
4- Kevin advised us ___ free films from that site.
a) not to download b) not download c) dont download
5- Linda asked me where ___ going to play.
a) the musician was b) was the musician c) if the musician was
6- Tim denied ___ in that reality show.
a) to take part b) taking part c) did he take
7- Mandy ___ that she had directed the performance herself.
a) told to him b) said him c) told him
8- Joe said that he ___ writing his lyrics that night.
a)has finished b)must finish c)had to finish
9- Dave said hed seen the film ___.
a) the day before b) tomorrow c) yesterday
10- John asked me ___ classical ballet.
a) whether you like b) if I liked c) do I like
1- The teacher said that I ___ stay after class.
a) have to b) had to c) must d) must to
2- Sheila said that she ___ tell the teacher I had cheatedon the exam.
a) will b) can c) must d) would
3- Albert ___ me with my physics homework.
a) insisted to helpb) insisted helping c) insisted on helping d) insists to help
4- My sistersays she ___ her new teaching job.
a) is really enjoyingb) was really enjoyingc) really enjoyedd) had really enjoyed
5- He asked ___ him to drive me to school.
a) if I want b) whether I wantedc) when I want d) whether I want
6- The science teacher ___ the chemicals.
a) said me not to spill b) told me not spillc) told me not to spilld) said not to spill
7- She ___ to the bakery after school.
a) asks me to gob) asked to gomec) asked me go d) asked me to go
8- 'What did the careers officer say?''He ___ harder.'
a) advised I to studyb) advised I studyingc) advised me to studyd) advised study
9- Jason denied ___ my homework.
a) copying b) copy c) to copy d) he copy
10- The lecturer apologised for ___ late.
a) to be b) being c) his be d) be

Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets:

1- Ann: I am playing tennis now. (She said)
..
2- Mark: I went to Disney land last week (He said)
..
3- Dad: Go to your room (Dad)
..
4- Brother: Can I borrow your pen? (My brother...)
..
5- Jack: We have bought a new car (Jack said)
..
6- Dina: I like to go jogging in the morning (Dina said)
..
7- Mom: I was watching TV (Mom said)
..
8- Teacher: Listen to the conversation (Our Teacher)
..
9- Policeman: Show me your driver license (The policeman)
..
10- Ted: Where are you going? (Ted asked)
..
Writing : Write a Letter to your friend James asking him to give you some
information about his school in Los Angeles , so you can post it on your
school magazine

Model Exam on units (9 - 10)

Choose the correct answer:

1- The director asked the cast ___ late for the performance.
a) dont be b) not to be c) to not be
2- Joe said that he ___ writing his lyrics that night.
a)has finished b)must finish c)had to finish
3- Hes one of the most famous rappers on thehip-hop ___.
a) cast b) beat c) scene
4- Dads watching a ___ about the life of a rock singer.
a) documentary b) commercial c) soundtrack
5- The actors will have to ___ to be readyfor the opening performance.
a) review b) form c) rehearse
6- When is the project going ___?
a) be completed b) to be completed c) being completed
7- Does this research have ___ this week?
a) been finished b) to be finished c) be finished
8- Will the employees personal information ___ inthe database?
a) be storing b) be stored c) been stored
9- The ___ for the TV isnt working because the batteries are flat.
a) USB stick b) camcorder c) remote control
10- This new gadget is top of the ___ as it is the most effective product.
a) test b) art c) range

Re-write the following sentences:

1- Jack and his friends are playing PlayStation. (PlayStation)
..
2- Supper is being cooked. (The Chef)
..
3- Magi: I went to the club last week (She said)
..
4- Ted: When are you going to the party? (Ted asked)
..
5- Dogs chase cats in the streets. (Cats)
..
Complete the following dialogue:
Passenger A: ..?
Passenger B: Yes this is the bus that goes to the Mall.
Passenger A: ..?
Passenger B: The bus ride is only thirty minutes or so.
Passenger A: ..?
Passenger B: You should get off at McDonalds bus stop.
Passenger A: Is the stop near the mall?
Passenger B: .
Passenger A: That's perfect. Thank you.
Passenger B: .

Writing:
Write anEssay of three paragraphs about"The advantages of Mobile phones".

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Unit 11
Lessons to Learn
New Vocabulary:
Participants: people joining a certain program or competition
Tutors: teachers or instructors
Enroll: apply for or get into an activity or program
Snapshot: a quick picture of something or someone
Aspect: a way of seeing something
Various: many and different
Portrait: a painting of someone
Instructor: a teacher
Career: the job you specialize in
Freelance: without fixed working days or position
Involve: part of, include
Overcome: pass, win
Obstacle: something that blocks your way
Volunteer: someone who does things unasked or without money
Fees: the money paid for a service
Grant: give
Stapler: adevice that binds paper together with pins
Expel: toforce someone to leave, discharge
Choose the correct answer:-
1- No schools were offering Japanese courses in the area, so she hired a ___
to teach her at home.
a) grant b) tutor c) guardian
2- Mona went to London to study ___ and became a successful musician.
a) performing arts b) courses c) sciences
3- The history ___ gave a fascinating talk on education in ancient times.
a) examiner b) lecturer c) candidate
4- Aly works on a construction site to earn money to pay the ___ for his
computer studies course.
a) qualifications b) fees c) scholarship
5- If she doesnt stop getting into trouble, the school will ___ her.
a) behave b) pass c) expel
6- Our teacher wanted to check our work so he collected all our ___.
a) backpacks b) folders c) schedules
7- We live opposite a ___ school, so there are groups of teenagers walking
past our home every morning.
a) woodwork b) primary c) secondary
8- At the end of his four-year course, Terry graduated from university with a
___ in Chemistry.
a) knowledge b) certificate c) degree
9- Ive broken my leg, so Ill have to ___ my PE lessons for a month.
a) miss b) pass c) lose
10- Biology is my favourite ___ and I usually get high marks for it.
a) diploma b) course c) subject

Causative
We use a causative verb when we want to talk about something that someone
else did for us or for another person. It means that the subject caused the
action to happen, but didn't do it themselves. Maybe they paid, or asked, or
persuaded the other person to do it. For example, we can say:

I cleaned my house. (This means I cleaned it myself).

If I paid someone to clean it, of course I can say:
 A cleaner cleaned my house.
But, another way is to use a causative construction. So I can also say:
I had my house cleaned.
In a sense, using a causative verb is similar to using a passive. The important
thing is that the house is now clean. We don't focus on who did the cleaning.

Have + object + past participle (have something done)

We usually use 'have something done' when we are talking about paying
someone to do something for us. It's often used for services. The form is
'subject + have + object + past participle'.
I had my car washed.
John will have his house painted.
Get + object + past participle (get something done)

We can also use 'subject + get + object + past participle'. This has the same
meaning as 'have', but is less formal.
The students get their essays checked.
I'll get my hair cut next week.
He got his washing machine fixed.
Have someone do something (have + person + infinitive)

We can also use the construction 'subject + have + person + infinitive'. This
has a very similar meaning to 'have something done', which we've already
talked about, but this time we say who did the thing - we talk about the person
who we asked to do the thing for us.
I had the electrician look at my broken light.
The doctor will have the nurse call the patients.
The teacher had the students write the answers on the whiteboard.
Get someone to do something (get + person + to + infinitive)

Finally, we can also use the construction 'get + someone + to + infinitive'.

Again, this means that you cause the other person to do the action, maybe by
paying them to do it, or by asking them to do it, or by persuading them to do it.
She gets her son to do his homework by promising him ice cream when
he's finished.
I got the cleaner to clean under the cupboards.
Sometimes, this construction has the feeling that we needed to convince
someone to do something, while the other constructions on this page are
neutral.

Grammar
Gerund and infinitive
We use gerunds (verb + ing):

After certain verbs - I enjoy singing

After prepositions - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving
As the subject or object of a sentence - Swimming is good exercise
We use 'to' + infinitive:

After certain verbs - We decided to leave

After many adjectives - It's difficult to get up early
To show purpose - I came to London to study English
We use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without 'to'):

After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock

After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early
After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense) - I
watched her walk away
After expressions with 'why' - why go out the night before an exam?
Here are some of the most common verbs that are usually followed by the
gerund.
 enjoy: I enjoyed living in France.
fancy: I fancy seeing a film tonight.
discuss: We discussed going on holiday together.
dislike: I dislike waiting for buses.
finish: We've finished preparing for the meeting.
mind: I don't mind coming early.
suggest: He suggested staying at the Grand Hotel.
recommend: They recommended meeting earlier.
keep: He kept working, although he felt ill.
avoid: She avoided talking to her boss.
miss: She misses living near the beach.
appreciate: I appreciated her helping me.
delay: He delayed doing his taxes.
postpone: He postponed returning to Paris
practise: She practised singing the song.
consider: She considered moving to New York.
can't stand: He can't stand her smoking in the office.
can't help: He can't help talking so loudly.
risk: He risked being caught.
admit: He admitted cheating on the test
deny: He denied committing the crime.
mention: He mentioned going to that college.
imagine: He imagines working there one day.
tolerate: I tolerated her talking.
understand: I understand his quitting.
involve: The job involves travelling to Japan once a month.
complete: He completed renovating the house.
report: He reported her stealing the money.
anticipate: I anticipated arriving late.
recall: Tom recalled using his credit card at the store
And here are some common verbs followed by 'to' and the infinitive.
agree: She agreed to give a presentation at the meeting.
ask*: I asked to leave early / I asked him to leave early.
decide: We decided to go out for dinner.
help*: He helped to clean the kitchen / he helped his flatmate to
clean the kitchen.
plan: She plans to buy a new flat next year.
hope: I hope to pass the exam.
learn: They are learning to sing.
want*: I want to come to the party / I want him to come to the party.
would like*: I would like to see her tonight / I would like you to see her
tonight.
promise: We promised not to be late.
can afford: We can't afford to go on holiday.
manage: He managed to open the door without the key.
prepare*: They prepared to take the test /
the teachers prepared the students to take the test.
demand: He demanded to speak to Mr. Harris.
choose: I chose to help.
offer: Frank offered to drive us to the supermarket.
wait: She waited to buy a movie ticket.
would hate*: I'd hate to be late / I'd hate you to be late.
would love*: I'd love to come / I'd love him to come.
seem: Nancy seemed to be disappointed.
expect*: They expect to arrive early / they expect Julie to arrive early
intend: We intend to visit you next spring.
pretend: The child pretended to be a monster.
refuse: The guard refused to let them enter the building.
tend: He tends to be a little shy.
would prefer*: I'd prefer to do it / I'd prefer him to do it.
deserve: He deserves to go to jail.
appear: His health appeared to be better.
 arrange: Naomi arranged to stay with her cousin in Miami.
claim: She claimed to be a princess.
*We can use an object before the infinitive with these verbs.

(Note that 'help' can also be followed by the infinitive without 'to' with no
difference in meaning: 'I helped to carry it' = 'I helped carry it'.)

These verbs can be followed by either the gerund or the infinitive with a
change in meaning.

Remember + gerund

This is when you remember something that has happened in the past. You
have a memory of it, like being able to see a movie of it in your head.
I remember going to the beach when I was a child. (= I have a memory of
going to the beach).
He remembers closing the door. (= He has a memory of closing the
door).
Remember + to + infinitive

This is when you think of something that you need to do. (And usually, you
then do the thing).
I remembered to buy milk. (= I was walking home and the idea that I
needed milk came into my head, so I bought some).
She remembered to send a card to her grandmother.
Forget + gerund

This is the opposite of remember + gerund. It's when you forget about a
memory, something that you've done in the past.
Have we really studied this topic before? I forget reading about it.
I told my brother that we'd spent Christmas at Granny's house in 1985,
but he'd forgotten going there.
Forget + to + infinitive
This is the opposite of remember + to + infinitive. It's when you want to do
something, but you forget about it.
I forgot to call my mother. (= I wanted to call my mother, but when it
was a good time to call her, I forgot. I was thinking about something else,
and the idea to call my mother didn't come into my head).
She keeps forgetting to bring his book back.
Try + gerund

This is when you do something as an experiment. The thing you do is not

difficult, but you want to see if doing it will have the result that you want.
I wanted to stop smoking, so I tried using nicotine patches. (= Using
nicotine patches was easy, but I wanted to know if it would help me stop
smoking).
She tried giving up chocolate, but it didn't help her lose weight. (It was
easy for her to give up chocolate. She gave it up to see if it would help her
lose weight, but it didn't).
Try + to + infinitive

This is when the thing you do itself is difficult. In the present tense or future
tense, this means you might not succeed in doing it. In the past tense, it means
that you made an effort to do the thing, but you did not succeed.
I'll try to carry the suitcase, but it looks too heavy for me.
She tried to catch the bus, but she couldn't run fast enough.
Look at the difference:

I tried giving up chocolate (it was no problem to stop eating chocolate)

but it didn't make me feel more healthy.
I tried to give up chocolate, but it was too hard. I always ate some when
my friends offered it to me.
It was too hot in the room. I tried opening the window (it was easy to
open the window). It didn't help though, because it was very hot outside
too.
I tried to open the window, but I couldn't because it was stuck.
Stop + gerund
When we stop doing something it means the verb in the gerund is the thing
that we stop. It can mean 'stop forever' or 'stop at that moment'.
I stopped working when I was expecting a baby. (Working is the thing I
stopped).
My grandmother stopped driving when she was 85. (Driving is the thing
she stopped).
My boss came into the room, so I stopped browsing the internet.
There was a fire alarm, so I stopped eating and went outside.
Stop + to + infinitive

In this case, we stop something else in order to do the verb in the infinitive.
I stopped to eat lunch. (I stopped something else, maybe working or
studying, because I wanted to eat lunch.
She was shopping and she stopped to get a cup of coffee. (She stopped
shopping because she wanted to get a cup of coffee).
Look at the difference:

I stopped smoking. (I gave up cigarettes OR I threw away my cigarette at

that moment).
I stopped to smoke. (I stopped doing something else because I wanted to
have a cigarette).
Regret + gerund

This is when you are sorry about something you did in the past and you wish
you hadn't done it.
I regret going to bed so late. I'm really tired today.
She regrets leaving school when she was sixteen. She wishes that she had
studied more and then gone to university.
Regret + to + infinitive

We use this construction when we are giving someone bad news, in quite a
formal way. The verb is almost always something like 'say' or 'tell' or 'inform'.
I regret to tell you that the train has been delayed.
The company regrets to inform employees that the London office will
close next year.
 Unit 11
Causative, Gerunds and infinitives

Choose the correct answer:-

1- The school ___ the new computers installed yet.
a) hasnt had b) doesnt have c) wont have
2- My grandfather has ___ by a well-known artist.
a) had his portrait painted b) painted his portraitc) been painting his portrait
3- The children are too young ___ this course.
a) joining b) join c) to join
4- Participants at the seminar are interested in ___ allabout music and
drama.
a) learning b) having learnt c) to learn
5- The university is going to ___ next year.
a) building a new lab b) have built a new lab c) have a new lab built
6- What have you decided ___ about?
a) writing b) to write c) write
7- I would rather ___ to the library this afternoon.
a) to not go b) not go c) not going
8- You should ___ your tutor to help you if you haveany queries.
a) to ask b) have asked c) ask
9- ___ books is Helens favourite pastime.
a) To read b) Reading c) Having read
10- Will she ___ by a professional?
a) have edited her script b) have to edit her script c) have her script edited
Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets:

1. The man cleaned his car in the car wash. (Had)

..
2. I like to play football. Its my favorite hobby. (Playing)
..
3. Tina has sent the letter to her sister by the mailman. (Has had)
..
4. Swimming is Adams favorite pastime. (To swim)
..
5. You have to eat healthy food to stay fit. (Eating)
..
6. Throwing garbage in the streets is a bad habit. (Shouldnt)
..
7. The cook prepared jacks fried chicken as he ordered. (Had)
..
8. Fishing is a very important if you want to learn patience. (To fish)
..
9. People who want to learn English should speak it more often. (Speaking)
..
10. The dry cleaner cleaned Joes suit. (Had)
..
1. He watches TV whenever he is free. (fond)

2. Dad has a great interest in reading stories. (interested)

3. She was angry with me as I lost her pen. (blamed)

4. I hope to see my uncle. (look forward)

5. Its good to watch that film. (worth)

6. We can get good marks when we study harder. (by)

7. We had nothing to do, so my brother wanted to go to the cinema.

(suggested)
8. My son is very helpful; He does not refuse to tidy his room.
(Mind)

9. He said that he made a mistake. (admitted)

10. She said that she didnt break my pen. (denied)

11. My father doesnt listen to music any more. (stand)

"What about going to the club ? " Ahmed said ( suggested )

..
13-My son wants to play soccer , he loves it so much (fancy )

14-I gave him my deaf ear ( avoid )

.
15- He stopped the car because he was so hungry and wanted to have lunch
( to )

16-I feel sorry that I have tell you this bad news about your brother ( regret )

17-She doesnt eat sweets anymore because she wants to lose weight
( stop )
.
18-Mona didnt stop playing for hours ( go on )
.
19-The invitation has been posted now ( I remembered ..)

Writing : Write a Report about a Restaurant where you had lunch last week

..
 Unit (12)
The Body Beautiful

New vocabulary:-
Organ: part of the body
Blink: the quick movement of closing your eye and opening them again
Complex: not simple
Countless: too many
Rapidly: very quickly
Process: (v.) understand
Flood: a large amount of something moving very quickly
Get the Hang of: learn to do something
Stuck: not able to continue moving forward
Calf: the muscular back part of your leg between the knee and the ankle
Sigh: a long breath out like in relief or grief
Reveal: uncover, show
Yawn: opening your mouth and breathing in when sleepy
Gorgeous: very beautiful
Rollercoaster: a game in the theme park where people ride in carriages that
move very quickly in a
Choose the correct answer:-
1-I cant walk very fast; I hurt my ___ when I was playingbasketball yesterday.
a)ankle b)neck c)elbow
2-Youll need to eat properly to ___ your body afteryour illness.
a)despair b)strengthen c)memorise
3-I agree hes quite a boring lecturer, but try not to ___during his talk.
a)blink b)breathe c)yawn
4-Shes had the shape of her eyebrows changed by a ___.
a)beauty b)beautician c)graduate
5-The way each ___ behaves depends on how theywere brought up.
a)individual b)personality c)organ
6-I havent got enough ___ to run any further. Im exhausted!
a)information b)blood c)energy
7-I havent drunk enough water today and my ___feels so dry.
a)neck b)stomach c)mouth
8-People used to believe that ___ children hadproblems learning to write.
a)rational b)left-handed c)successful
9-Please ___ my suggestions and give me your opinion.
a)back out of b)think up c)think over
10-Lara is too ___ to speak in front of the class.
a)confident b)experienced c)shy

To make the comparative form of adjectives (like 'bigger' or 'more expensive')

and the superlative form (like 'biggest' or 'most expensive'), first we need to
know how many syllables are in the adjective.
Adjectives with one syllable

Usually if an adjective has only one syllable, we add 'er' to make the
comparative form. We add 'est' to make the superlative form.
clean cleaner / cleanest
cold colder / coldest
small smaller / smallest
young younger / youngest
tall taller / tallest
There are some spelling changes. If there is one vowel followed by one
consonant at the end of the adjective, we often double the consonant.
wet wetter / wettest
big bigger / biggest
hot hotter / hottest
thin thinner / thinnest
If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'.
dry drier / driest
If the adjective ends in 'e', we don't add another 'e', just 'r'.
nice nicer / nicest
large larger / largest
Even when the adjective has only one syllable, it's still not wrong to use 'more'
or 'most'. It's possible to say 'more wet' or 'most tall'. This isn't incorrect.

There are a few adjectives that we have to use 'more' or 'most' with, even
though they only have one syllable. We CAN'T add 'er' or 'est'.
fun more fun / most fun (NOT funner / funnest)
real more real / most real (NOT realer / realest)
right more right / most right (NOT righter / rightest)
wrong more wrong / most wrong (NOT wronger / wrongest)
Adjectives with two syllables

For adjectives with two syllables we generally use 'more' or 'most'.

careful more careful / most careful
 bored more bored / most bored
But some two syllable adjectives can take 'er' or 'est'. It's also fine to use 'more'
(for the comparative) or 'most' (for the superlative).
clever cleverer / cleverest
simple simpler / simplest
narrow narrower / narrowest
quiet quieter / quietest
Adjectives with two syllables that end in 'y' usually can add 'er' or 'est' (y
generally changes to i). It's also fine to use 'more' or 'most'.
dirty dirtier / dirtiest
pretty prettier / prettiest
happy happier / happiest
ugly uglier / ugliest
Adjectives with more than two syllables

Adjectives with more than two syllables can only make their comparative by
using 'more' and their superlative by using 'most'.
beautiful more beautiful / most beautiful
intelligent more intelligent / most intelligent
interesting more interesting / most interesting
expensive more expensive / most expensive
Irregular adjectives

There are also some irregular adjectives. We just need to learn these forms.
good better best
bad worse worst
far further furthest
little less least
much more most

Adverbs
Adverbs are used to describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They are often
(but not always) made by adding 'ly' to the adjective.
I walked slowly ('slowly' tells us about the verb 'walk').
They worked quickly.
We make the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs by using 'more /
most'.
She sang loudly.
She sang more loudly than her friend.
She sang most loudly in the class.
Adverb or adjective?

It's important to remember to use an adjective after a linking verb. However,

this can be tricky as some verbs can be used as both normal verbs and as
linking verbs. One test is to replace the verb with the same form of 'be' and see
if the sentence still makes sense. If it does, the verb is being used as a linking
verb and so needs an adjective, not an adverb.
He smells the hot soup carefully. (Here we are talking about the action of
smelling and using smell as a normal verb, so we need an adverb.)
The soup smells good. (Here we are using 'smell' as a linking verb, to
describe the soup. We can replace 'smells' with 'is' and the sentence still
makes sense. So, we need an adjective.)
He looked tiredly at the dirty kitchen. (Here we are talking about the
action of looking and using 'look' as a normal verb, so we use an adverb
to describe the way of looking.)
You look beautiful. (Here we are using 'look' as a linking verb, to give
more information about the person. We can replace 'look' with 'are' and
the sentence still makes sense. So we need an adjective.)
Irregular forms

Normally, we make an adverb by adding 'ly' to an adjective.

Careful (adjective): He is always careful.
Carefully (adverb): She put the glasses down carefully.
Quiet (adjective): This is a quiet room.
Quietly (adverb): She spoke quietly.
Bad (adjective): This coffee is bad!
 Badly (adverb): He sings badly!
If the adjective ends in 'y', we change 'y' to 'i' and add 'ly'. If the adjective ends
in 'le', we drop 'e' and add 'y'.
Happy (adjective): She looks very happy.
Happily (adverb): He sang happily.
Gentle (adjective): It's a gentle cat.
Gently (adverb): He stroked the cat gently.
However, there are some exceptions.
Fast (adjective): That's a fast car.
Fast (adverb): She walks fast.
Early (adjective): She was early for the meeting.
Early (adverb): He arrived early.
Late (adjective): He is always late!
Late (adverb): He got up late this morning ('lately' is also an adverb but
means 'recently').
Good (adjective): That is a good book.
Well (adverb): She did well on the exam ('well' can also be an adjective;
see below).
Hard (adjective): Maths is hard!
Hard (adverb): She tried hard ('hardly' is also an adverb, but means
'almost none'; see below).
There are also some adjectives that end in 'ly' and don't have an adverb form.
Instead we use 'in a ---way'. These are friendly, lovely, lonely, lively, and silly.
He talked to me in a friendly way.
Good / well

'Well' can be confusing because it is both the adverb form of 'good', and an
adjective that means 'healthy and fine'.
My mother is well ('well' is an adjective that means 'healthy and fine').
He did the work well ('well' is an adverb meaning 'in a good way').
Of course, we also use 'good' as an adjective.
This meal is good!
He can speak good German.
Hard / hardly

'Hard' is both an adjective and an adverb.

The table is hard (= adjective, meaning 'not soft' or 'difficult').
She works hard (= adverb, meaning 'with a lot of effort').
'Hardly' is also an adverb, but it means 'almost nothing' or 'almost none'.
She hardly works (= she does almost no work).
I have hardly any money (= I have almost no money).
Late / lately

'Late' is an adjective and an adverb. There is also an adverb 'lately', which

means 'recently'.
I'm late (= adjective, meaning 'not on time').
He came late (= adverb, meaning 'not on time').
I've been working a lot lately (= an adverb meaning 'recently').

Unit 12
Adjectives, Adverbs, So and Such

Choose the correct answer:-

1-Nobody in our class solves problems ___ as Frank.
a)as fast b)the fastest c)faster
2-Learning Chinese is ___ difficult for me. I think Illstick to English.
a)such b)too c)enough
3-Michael has ___ eyes.
a)gorgeous big brown b)big brown gorgeous c)brown gorgeous big
4-Tracy doesnt study as ___ as her sister.
a)hard b)harder c)the hardest
5-Some of his school marks were bad before, buttodays mark is ___ of all.
a)worse b)the most bad c)the worst
6-Laura thinks her biology lessons are so ___. Shecant stand the subject!
a)bored b)boring c)the most boring
7-I cant speak French as ___ Richard.
a)well as b)good as c)better than
8-The human brain is ___ organ.
a)so amazing b)such an amazing c)a such amazing
9-Karims house is ___ away from the school.
a)as far as b)further than c)the furthest
10-Were you able to do the test ___?
a)easy b)easily c)so easy

Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets:

1- She played a very beautiful piece of music. (Beautifully)
..
2- Dinner tonight was so wonderful. (Such)
..
3- I have never seen a boy run so fast. (Such)
..
4- We had such a beautiful evening. (So)
..
5- He solved the problem smartly. (Smart)
..
6- They have such an adorable baby. (So)
..
7- This cat is so cute. (Such)
..
8- He came yesterday dressed in a neat suit. (Neatly)
..
9- She smiled at me prettily. (Pretty)
..
10- Mom has made such a delicious spongy cake. (So)
..

Writing :Write a Dramatic story that starts with " she was so scared "

.
Model Exam on units (11 - 12)

Choose the correct answer:

1- Ahmed works in two jobs to pay the ___ for his English course.
a) qualifications b) fees c) scholarship
2- If she doesnt stop getting into trouble, the school will ___ her.
a) behave b) pass c) expel
3- Participants at the seminar are interested in ___ all about music.
a) learning b) having learnt c) to learn
4- What have you decided ___ about?
a) reading b) to read c) read
5- ___ Tennis is Helens favourite pastime.
a) Playing b) To playing c) To play
6- I cant carry heavy things; I hurt my ___ when I was playing basketball.
a) ankle b) neck c) elbow
7- I havent got enough ___ to run any further. Im exhausted!
a) information b) blood c) energy
8- I havent drunk enough water today and my ___feels so dry.
a) neck b) stomach c) mouth
9- Laura thinks her biology lessons are so ___. She cant stand the subject!
a) bored b) boring c) the most boring
10- WasAdam able to answer the questions ___?
a) easy b) easily c) so easy

Re-write the following sentences:

1- She sang a very beautiful song. (Beautifully)
..
2- We are having such a beautiful night. (So)
..
3. Tina has sent the letter to her sister by the mailman. (Has had)
..
4. Swimming is Adams favorite pastime. (To swim)
..
5- This dog is so strong. (Such)
..

Complete the following dialogue:

Student A: ?
Student B: My stomach is bothering me.
Student A: ?
Student B: I had a meat sandwich with mayonnaise for lunch.
Student A: ...........................................................................................?
Student B: It could be bad food, but I didn't feel so well yesterday, either.
Student A: ..?
Student B: I haven't been under any more stress than usual.
Student A: Did you go to see a doctor?
Student B: Yes and he told me ..
Writing:
Write a letterto a friend of yours telling him/her about "The importance of
staying fit" and how it affected your hygiene.

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