FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION AND SELECTION OF HT/LT CABLES
1) TRANSFORMER
A. FAULT MVA = 750 MVA
(33 KV SIDE AS ASSUMED)
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT = FAULT MVA x 2000
3 x KV at FAULT POINT
= 750 x 3500
1.732 x 33
= 45.93 KA
i) SELECTION OF HT CABLE BASED ON FULL LOAD CURRENT
A. FOR INCOMING CABLE
TRANSFORMER = 3 x 3500 KVA
CURRENT RATING = 10500 x 1000
3 x 33000
= 183.71Amps
DERATING FACTORS
I. RATING FACTOR FOR VARIATION IN GROUND
TEMPERATURE @ 45 DEG. C = 0.87
II. RATING FACTOR FOR GROUPING OF
MULTICORE CABLES LAID DIRECT IN GROUND,
IN HORIZONTAL FORMATION SPACING 15 CM,
NO. OF CABLES(MAX) - 3 NOS = 0.72
III. RATING FACTOR FOR DEPTH OF LAYING OF
CABLES LAID DIRECT IN THE GROUND, DEPTH
OF LAYING = 90 CM
RATING FACTOR = 1.00
OVERALL DERATING = 0.87 x 0.72 x 1.0
= 0.63
SO, CURRENT RATING AFTER DERATING = 183.71Amps
0.63
= 292 Amps
HENCE 3Cx300 SQ.MM 33 KV, XLPE (AL) CABLE IS ADEQUATE.
B. FOR OUTGOING CABLES
CURRENT RATING = 35 Amps
DERATING FACTORS = 0.63
CURRENT RATING AFTER DERATING = 35 Amps
0.63
= 55.56 Amps
SO, 3C x 25 SQ.MM WILL BE ADEQUATE
SELECTION OF HT CABLE BASED ON SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT
FULL LOAD CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE PRIOR
TO SHORT CIRCUIT = 90 DEG. C
MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR
TEMPERATURE = 250 DEG. C
BY USING FORMULA ISH = KxA
T
ISH : SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN KA (r.m.s.)
T : DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN
SECONDS= 1 Sec
A : AREA OF ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR IN MM
K : IS A CONSTANT = 0.094
A = ISH x T 45.92 x 1
=
K 0.094
= 488.58 SQ. MM
HENCE 3C x 300 SQ. MM XLPE (AL) CABLE IS REQUIRED.
2) EARTHING CALCULATION
A. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 65 KA FAULT CURRENT
HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER
S = Ixt
K
= 65 x 1000 x 1
205
= 317.07 SQ. MM
HENCE, 50 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE
B. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 50 KA FAULT CURRENT
HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER
S = Ixt
K
= 50 x 1000 x 1
205
= 243.90 SQ. MM
HENCE, 40 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE
C. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 38 KA FAULT CURRENT
HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER
S = Ixt
K
= 38 x 1000 x 1
205
= 185.37 SQ. MM
HENCE, 32 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE
D. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 35 KA FAULT CURRENT
HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER
S = Ixt
K
= 35 x 1000 x 1
205
= 170.73 SQ. MM
HENCE, 32 x 6 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE
E. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 25 KA FAULT CURRENT
HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER
S = Ixt
K
= 25 x 1000 x 1
205
= 121.95 SQ. MM
HENCE, 25 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE
F. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 15 KA FAULT CURRENT
S = Ixt
K
= 15 x 1000 x 1
205
= 73.17 SQ. MM
HENCE, 25 x 3 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE
3) FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION AT LV SIDE OF 2000 KVA TRANSFORMER
33 / 0.433 KV TRANSFORMER CAPACITY = 2,000 KVA
% OF IMPEDENCE OF TRANSFORMER = 6.25 AND 10% NEGATIVE
TOLERANCE AS PER
IS : 2026 (PART I)
= 5.625
FAULT KVA ON 0.433 KV SIDE = BASE KVA x 100
% IMPEDENCE
= 2000 x 100
5.625
= 35,556 KVA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT = FAULT KVA
3 x KV AT FAULT POINT
= 35,556 KVA
1.732 x 0.433
= 47.41 KA
SAY = 50 KA
4) SELECTION OF LT XLPE CABLE BASED ON SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT
FULL LOAD CONDUCTOR TEMP.
PRIOR TO SHORT CIRCUIT = 90 DEG. C
MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR
TEMPERATURE = 250 DEG. C
BY USING FORMULA
ISH = KxA
T
ISH : SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN Ka (r.m.s.)
T : DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN SECONDS = 1 SEC
A : AREA OF ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR IN MM
K : IS A CONSTANT = 0.094
A = ISH x T 61.35 x 1
K 0.094
= 652.66 SQ. MM
WHEN
T : DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT IN SECONDS = 0.25 SEC
A = 61.35 x 0.25
0.094
= 326.33 SQ. MM
HENCE 400 SQ MM XLPE AL CABLE IS REQUIRED.
5) FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION AT LV SIDE OF 2000 KVA TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)
Runs
= 3x1337.34x95x (0.101x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 5
= 0.77volt
% Voltage Drop = 0.19% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 4 Nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.
Fault Level Calculation
Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 400 SQ.MM
Route Length = 95.00 mtr
Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.007
Resistance of cable = 0.101 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.010
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.001
(0.415) x 10
= 11.14%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 5.80%
For fault at -------- panel % reactance of the circuit
= % Reactance of circuit up to --------- Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to ---------- panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at -------- panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to ------- Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to ---------- panel
= (2.927+5.8)% = 8.73%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (8.727)+ (11.56)
= 14.49%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
= 2000 x 100
14.49
= 13,812.15KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13812.15
1.732 x 0.415
= 19,216.11Amps
Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 20 KA
2) CABLE CALCULATION FOR
a. Connected Load = 937.00KW
b. Diversity = 80%
c. Demand Load = 749.60KW
d. Add for Spare @ 25% = 187.40KW
e. Total = 937.00KW
f. Current Rating = KW x 1000
1.732 x voltage x p.f.
Current Rating = 1,629.50Amps
Derating Factor :-
i) De-rating due to ambient temperature at 40c = 1.00
ii) De-rating due to laying in open duct in two tire = 0.69
Overall Derating = 0.69 x 1.00
= 0.69
Current rating after Derating = 1,629.50Amps
0.69
= 2,361.59Amps
Current rating for 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is 455Amp in air
Hence selected cable is 5 nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)
Runs
= 3x1629.50x95x (0.101x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 5
= 6.81volt
% Voltage Drop = 1.64% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 4 Nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.
Fault Level Calculation
Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 400 SQ.MM
Route Length = 95.00 mtr
Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.007
Resistance of cable = 0.101 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.010
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.001
(0.415) x 10
= 11.14%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 5.80%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % reactance of the circuit
= % Reactance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (2.927+5.8)% = 8.73%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (8.727)+ (11.56)
= 14.49%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
= 2000 x 100
14.49
= 13,812.15KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13812.15
1.732 x 0.415
= 19,216.11Amps
Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 20 KA
1) CABLE CALCULATION FOR MCC-1
a. Connected Load = 374.79KW
b. Diversity = 80%
c. Demand Load = 299.83KW
d. Add for Spare @ 25% = 74.96KW
e. Total = 374.79KW
f. Current Rating = KW x 1000
1.732 x voltage x p.f.
Current Rating = 651.78Amps
Derating Factor :-
i) De-rating due to ambient temperature at 40c = 1.00
ii) De-rating due to laying in open duct in two tire = 0.69
Overall Derating = 0.69 x 1.00
= 0.69
Current rating after Derating = 651.78Amps
0.69
= 944.61Amps
Current rating for 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is 530Amp in air
Hence selected cable is 2 nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)
Runs
= 3x651.76x95x (0.101x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 2
= 6.81volt
% Voltage Drop = 1.64% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 2Nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.
Fault Level Calculation
Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 400 SQ.MM
Route Length = 95.00 mtr
Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.007
Resistance of cable = 0.101 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.010
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.001
(0.415) x 10
= 11.14%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 5.80%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % reactance of the circuit
= % Reactance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (2.927+5.8)% = 8.73%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (8.727)+ (11.56)
= 14.49%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
= 2000 x 100
14.49
= 13,812.15KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13812.15
1.732 x 0.415
= 19,216.11Amps
Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 20 KA
2) CABLE CALCULATION FOR MCC-2
a. Connected Load = 325.56KW
b. Diversity = 80%
c. Demand Load = 260.45KW
d. Add for Spare @ 25% = 65.11KW
e. Total = 325.56KW
f. Current Rating = KW x 1000
1.732 x voltage x p.f.
Current Rating = 566.17Amps
Derating Factor :-
i) De-rating due to ambient temperature at 40c = 1.00
ii) De-rating due to laying in open duct in two tire = 0.69
Overall Derating = 0.69 x 1.00
= 0.69
Current rating after Derating = 566.17Amps
0.69
= 820.53Amps
Current rating for 4cx300 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is 455Amp in air
Hence selected cable is 2 nos.of 4cx300 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)
Runs
= 3x566.17x92x (0.129x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 2
= 6.74volt
% Voltage Drop = 1.62% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 2Nos.of 4cx300 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.
Fault Level Calculation
Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 300 SQ.MM
Route Length = 92.00 mtr
Reactance of 4 c x 300 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 300 sqmm cable = 0.007
Resistance of cable = 0.129 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 300 sqmm cable = 0.012
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.012
(0.415) x 10
= 13.78%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 6.97%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % reactance of the circuit
= % Reactance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (2.927+6.97)% = 9.90%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (9.90)+ (11.56)
= 15.22%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
= 2000 x 100
15.22
= 13,141.11KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13141.11
1.732 x 0.415
= 18,282.53Amps
Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 19 KA
