4. For Horton's equation suppose f, = 5 cm/hr, fe = 1 cm/hr, and k= 2 hr. Determine the ‘cumulative infiltration aftor 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 hr Plot the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration as functions of time. Plot the infiltration rate as a function of the cumulative infitration. Assume continuously ponded conditions. Solution Given: f= 5 emMhr, fe= 1 om/hr, k= 2 he Find A) and f() at f= 0,05, 1,1.5&2hrs We have, fle* and F()=ftt fO=f.> So, wo can write, 4-1 2 F(t=1.0) =1x10+->ll-e 1°) 9.73 om 5- nas Fats) =pas-aSh-e )=34 em F((=2.0)=1%20+5=16-2. The infiltration rete at the beginning of @ storm was f, = 4 cm/hr and it decreased to 0.5 em/hr after two hours. A total of 1.7 cm infiltrated during these two hours. Determine the value of k for Horton's equation. Assume continuously ponded conditions Solution Given: f= 4 em/hr, F(t=2 hrs) = 1.7 em, and ft=2 hrs) = 0.9 emir Find k We have, FO=F+L-fe* and After 2 hrs, Os=f,+(4- fee ie joa the 2) 2 unknowns and we have 2 equations, so it can be solved simultaneously and then by trial & error to get the value of k From eq (1)we can write (4— 7, je? =0.5— f. into eq (2) to get zr vas-S ‘The value of f 2s above can be substituted into eq (1) to aet ( 95 275 40.98 +S BO i Os “2 & _ bytrial & error, we got k= Shr! (ans) 3. Suppose the parameters for Philip's equation are sorptivity S = 5 om-hr'? and K = 0.4 emir. Determine the cumulative infiltration after 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 hrs. Plot the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration as functions of tme. Plot the infiltration rate as a function of the cumulative infiltration. Assume continuously ponded conditions. Solution Given: $= § em.hr'®, and K = 0.4 emir Find. F(f) and f(0 at f=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 hrs, then plot the values as per questionFQ)=St?+Kr and [= pe [LK =5x0+04x0=0 cm = 5x05"? +0.4x0.5=3.74 om =5x1.0'? +0.4x1.0=5.4 om 512 40.4x15=6.2 cm and fit=0 ft=0.5) =tsxos* ?404=3.94 cmvhr fit =1.0) = 25x1.0" 7 404=2.9 cm/hr f(t =15) atsast ?404=2.44 covhr Tt 2.0)=45%2.0" 7 404=2.17 cmvhr 4. The infiltration rate as a function of time for an Alexis silt loam is as follows: Time (hr) a a 28 flemh) 0250221 otT ts os et Determine the best values for the parameters f,, f,, and for Horton’s equation to describe the infiltration for Alexis silt loam. Solution Find: the best values for f,, £, and k for Horton's equation Plotting of data shows the graph belowIt shows f= 0.26 emihr and if we assume f= 0.01 em/hr, then we can wnte 48 bras SO=f.+-fe™ at 0.17 = 0.01 +(0.26-0.01)e** == =k =2.79 br? (ans) With this k = 2.79 hr" the calculated f(f) values for the same time (1) as shown in the table are plotted in the graph below for comparison with the observed values. 03 Boss! =a] on os a, ine,Ate | = calf tember 0 os 1 15 2 25 3 Time, hr 5. The infiltration into a Yolo light clay as a function of time for a steady rainfall rate of 0.5 em/hris 2s follows: Time (hr) Tor T1550 Flom) 0 ost 0710 120 14 18 20 flemhr) 050080037028 ttt tT Determine the parameters f,, £., and k for Horton’s equation. Assume that ponding occurs at t 1.07 hr. not needed to solveSolution Given: j= 0.5 em/hr and ponding time, fy = 1.07 hr Find: f, &, and for Horton’s equation Plotted @ smooth graph of data without the value of fat time f = 0; instead some fictitious f values. are extrapolated for f < 0.5 hr to have a smooth curve close to ‘The graph shows that fs = 1.05 emihr and f; = 0.17 em/hr can be taken for the above data set. We have, £ ih, fe Ponding time, t, ae l for B inthe 3° tral assume F=3.100m (,_ 3.16) FO=D=10.1+2.2b{1+3°|=3.19 em > inthe 4" tal assume F=3.19 0m 2) (,_ 3.19) FQ=1=1051+272he{1 $5 }7320 em > Tnallywe can tako = 3.2 em (Ans) U2) So with 3.2.om, we can calculate f as f(t Lol 33 +1]=2.02em/ ar (Ans) 8. Use the Green-Ampt method to evaluate the infitration rate and cumulative infiltration depth for a silty clay soil at 0.1 hr increments up to 6 hours from the beginning of infiltration. Assume initial saturation 20% and continuous ponding. Solution Given: s.= 20% and for sity clay soil, m= 0.479, 8. = 0.423, #= 29.22 om, and K = 0.05 cmihr; so,wecanget WA = Y(1.0-5e)6_ =29.22x(1.0-0.2)x0.423 = 9.89 em Find: F (0) and (0) at ¢= 0.1 hr increments up to 6 hours from the beginning of infiltration and f= (Ae 0, F(t=0)=0cm O11 hr, we can write, assuming 1*trial F = 0.29 em We have, F()=Kt sesan FO vse At At F(f) =0.05 x 0.1+9.89 lal > inthe 2" trial assume F= 0.297 cm > inthe 3 trial assume F=0.298 em F() = 0.05 x 0.1+9.89 Inf Fl =008+01+9591 inthe 4" trial assume F= 0.3m4 FO)=0.05x0. soai(1s 2S |=03005 cm > finally we can take F= 0.3 cm (Ans) (9.89 (03 J ‘So the same procedure may continue for other time increments, Sowith F=0.3cm, we can calculatef as f(¢=0.1) = 0. LTem/ ir (Ans) 10. Compute the ponding time and cumulative infiltration at ponding for a clay loam soil with a 25% initial effective saturation subject to rainfall intensity of 3 cm/hr. Also compute the cumulative infiltration and the infiltration rate after one hour of rainfall. Assume ponding depth he is negligible in the calculations. Solution Given. s-= 25%, /= 3 cm/hr and for clay loam soil, 464, 9. = 0.309, Y = 20.88 em, and K = Ot cmuhr, so, wecan get VAG = ¥(1.0-se)Be = 20.88*(1.0-0.25)*0.309 = 4.84cm Find: f, and F, at ponding We have, Kyae 1,2 and Fix 1@-K) So we can write, O14 84 7353-01) .056 hr = 3.34 min (Ans) Fo=1x te = 30.056 =0.167em (Ans)