ADVANCED

MATHEMATICS
PRIME MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
COMPLEX NUMBER
Any number expressed in the form
+ or +
where:
a magnitude of real part
b magnitude of imaginary part
i or j = 1
= =
 ARGAND DIAGRAM
(Complex Plane)
Rectangular form
+
Imaginary axis

a+bi
Polar form
a
(r, ) , or

r =
b
=

= +
Real axis


=

 ARGAND DIAGRAM
(Complex Plane)
Trigonometric form
Imaginary axis

a
a+bi a + bi = r cos + i r sin
(r, ) a + bi = +
r or
b
a + bi =

Real axis
 ARGAND DIAGRAM
(Complex Plane)
Exponential form
a + bi =
Imaginary axis

a+bi
a
(r, )
Logarithmicform
r ln a + bi = ln r ei
b

ln a + bi = +

Real axis
 ARGAND DIAGRAM
(Complex Plane)
De Moivres Theorem
a. Power of Complex
Numbers
Imaginary axis

n
a
a+bi a + bi = r n
(r, ) n
a + bi =
r
b b. Roots of Complex
Numbers
1 1 + k 360
Real axis r n = rn
n
OPERATIONS OF
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Addition and Subtraction

a + bi c + di = + +

Multiplication

a + bi c + di = + +
r1 1 r2 2 = +
OPERATIONS OF
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Division

a + bi +
=
c + di +
r1 1
=
r2 2
BOARD PROBLEM
1. Write in the form a + bi the
expression i3217 - i427 + i18 .
A. 2i + 1 C. 2i 1
B. i + 1 D. 1 + i
BOARD PROBLEM
2. Add (3 + 4i) and (2 5i)
A. 6 + 9i C. 5 i
B. 26 7i D. 6 i
BOARD PROBLEM
3. What is the product of (8 j10) and
(6 + j4) in the complex form?
A. 48 j60 C. 88 + j28
B. 88 j28 D. 48 + j60
BOARD PROBLEM
4. What is the value of x in the
equation
(5x + j2y) + (4y j 3x) = 14 j4

A. x = 1 C. x = 3
B. x = 3 D. x = 2
BOARD PROBLEM
5. The complex expression 3 + 4i is
equivalent to
A. 5 (cos 53.13 + jsin 53.13)
B. 5 (cos 33.15 - jsin 33.15)
C. 5 (cos 33.15 + jsin 33.15)
D. 5 (cos 53.13 - jsin 53.13)
BOARD PROBLEM
6. What is the complex form of 10ej30?
A. 8.66 + j5 C. 8 + j6
B. 5 + j8.66 D. 6 + j8
BOARD PROBLEM
7. The complex expression (r, ) = (4,
120) is equal to
A. 2 + 3.5 i C. 2 3.5i
B. 2 - 4.5i D. 2 + 4.5i
BOARD PROBLEM
8. What is the simplified expression of
the complex number
6 + 2.5
3 + 4
A. 0.32 + j 0.66
B. 1.12 j 0.66
C. 1.75 + j 1.03
D. 0.32 j 0.66
BOARD PROBLEM
9. What is the angle between ( -2.5 + j
4.33) and (4.33 j 2.5)
A. 120 deg C. 150 deg
B. 180 deg D. 90 deg
BOARD PROBLEM
10. A vector has a complex expression
of 5 + j 8.66. What is its complex
expression after being rotated through
a positive angle of 120 deg?
A. 5 j 8.66 C. 5 j 8.66
B. 5 + j 8.66 D. 10 + j 0
BOARD PROBLEM
11. What is the complex expression of
the square root of (15 + j 20)?
A. 4.47 + j2.33 C. 2.23 + j 4.47
B. 4.33 + j 2.5 D. 4 + j 3
BOARD PROBLEM
12. What is the complex expression of
In (3 + j 4) ?
A. 1.2 + j 0.85 C. 1.6 + j 0.75
B. 1.6 + j 0.927 D. 1.2 + j 0.75
BOARD PROBLEM
13. What is the simplified complex
expression of ( 4.33 + j 2.5)2?
A. 12.5 + j 21.65 C. 15 + j 20
B. 21.65 + j 12.5 D. 20 + j 20
BOARD PROBLEM
14. Two vectors are so related that A/B
= 2 ej180 and, A + C = -5 + j15,where C
is the conjugate of B. What is the
complex expression of vector B?
A. 10 j10 C. 5-j5
B. 15 + j15 D. 10 + j10.02
TRIGO & HYPERBOLIC
FORMS
Trigonometric Function
sin(a bi) = sin a cosh b icos a sinh b
cos(a bi) = cos a cosh b i sin a sinh b
Hyperbolic Function
sinh(a bi) = sinh a cos b i cosh a sin b
cosh a bi = cosh a cos b i sinh a sin b
BOARD PROBLEM
15. What is the complex expression of
cosh (3 + j4)?
A. 10.06 + j 7.58
B. 6.58 j 7.58
C. 7.58 j6.57
D. 7.58 j6.57
BOARD PROBLEM
16. What is the complex expression of
sin (5+ j5)?
A. 71.15 j21.05
B. 71.15 + j 21.04
C. 71.15 j21.04
D. 77.15 +j21.04
POLYGONAL NUMBERS
Polygonal or M-gonal numbers are
series of numbers patterned from a
polygon.
General equation:

= +

Where
a n - nth term in a number pattern
n number of terms
m number of sides of a polygon
BOARD PROBLEM
17. Find the 10th term of the triangular
numbers, 1, 3, 6,
A. 55 C. 60
B. 110 D. 120
PYRAMIDAL NUMBERS
EquilateralBase
+ +
=

Square Base
+ +
=

Rectangular Base
+ +
=

BOARD PROBLEM
18. If equal spheres are piled in the
form of a complete pyramid with an
equilateral triangle as a base. Find the
number of spheres in a pile if each side
contains four spheres.
A. 20 C. 30
B. 40 D. 60
MATRIX
Matrix is an array of numbers or
functions arrange in m rows by n
columns.
Each
entry in a matrix is called matrix
element.
Size
of matrix is determined from the
number of rows and columns, i.e. m x n.
OPERATION OF
MATRIX
Addition/Subtraction
Matrices can only be added or subtracted if
they have the same size.
Multiplication
Two Matrix A (m x n) and B (p x q) can be
multiplied if an only if n = p. the resulting
matrix will have a size of m x q.
BOARD PROBLEM
19. Find the determinant of x :
1 0 4
= 2 2 6
3 1 12
A. 50 C. 46
B. 46 D. 40
COFACTOR OF AN ENTRY
OF A SQUARE MATRIX
The cofactor of the entry of a square
matrix in the m-th row and n-th column
is the determinant of the sub matrix
formed by deleting the m-th row and n-th
column.
Standard sign of each entry:
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
COFACTOR MATRIX
Cofactor Matrix
A matrix formed by replacing each
element in the given matrix by its
cofactor.
BOARD PROBLEM
2 3 1
20. If = 1 2 4 , what is the co-
0 5 7
factor of the second row, third
column element ?
2 3 1 7
A. C.
0 5 2 0
2 3 3 1
B. D.
0 5 5 7
BOARD PROBLEM
21. Evaluate the determinant:
2 4 3 1
= 1 1 2 3
3 2 4 1
4 8 6 2
A. 0 C. 1
B. 452 D. - 452
BOARD PROBLEM
2 1 1 2
22. If = and = ,
1 3 1 1
then find A + 2B.
2 4 2 1
A. C.
2 2 1 3
1 2 0 5
B. D.
1 1 1 5
BOARD PROBLEM
23. Given the matrix equation, solve
for x and y.
1 1 2
=
3 2 0
A. 4, 6 C. 4 , 2
B. 4, 2 D. 4 , 2
BOARD PROBLEM
4 5 0 1 0 0
24. If = 6 7 3 and = 0 1 0 , what
1 2 3 0 0 1
is A.B?
4 0 0 6 7 0
A. 0 7 0 C. 8 9 4
0 0 3 2 3 6
0 0 0 4 5 0
B. 0 7 0 D. 6 7 3
1 0 3 1 2 3
TRANSPOSE OF A
MATRIX
Transpose of a matrix is formed by
interchanging its rows and columns
without changing their relative order.
BOARD PROBLEM

25. Calculate .
2 4
1 2 4 5 1
= = = 7 5
4 7 0 2 4
1 3
2 2 6 2 5 7
A. C.
36 61 21 0 1 8
2 5 1 6 8 8
B. D.
8 11 8 12 29 21
 END OF
PRESENTATION
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