Automatic Identification and Data Collection
Overview:
Used to identify and track items, automatic identification and data collection (also called AIDC, Auto
ID, automatic data capture and automatic data collection) is a family of technologies that identify,
verify, record, communicate and store information on discrete, packaged or containerised items. Be-
cause the process is automated (rather than reliant on pen, paper and people), information is gathered
quickly and accurately. The most common technologies used to identify and capture data are bar-
codes, handheld and fixed-position scanners and imagers, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags
and readers, and voice recognition, weighing and cubing devices. Typical applications include re-
ceiving and put away, inventory picking, order fulfilment, determination of weight and volume, and
tracking and tracing throughout the supply chain.
What is AIDC?
There are several types of AIDC technology and equipment. These include:
Barcode - 1. Linear or one-dimensional barcode symbologies (such as UPC, Code 128, Code 39
and Interleaved 2 of 5 Code) use patterns of dark lines and light spaces to represent numeric or
alphanumeric data.
2. Matrix or two-dimensional barcode symbologies (such as data matrix and QR Code) store infor-
mation in a pattern of black and white squares or dots. 2D symbols can store considerably more
information in smaller spaces than linear barcodes.
When a barcode is scanned by a hand-held or fixed position barcode reader, barcode
scanner or imager, the information stored in the code is validated and then transmitted to a system
for further processing and use.
Radio frequency identification(RFID) RFID uses tags (or transponders) with up to two kilobytes
of data embedded in a microchip or polymer and a small antennaand strategically deployed an-
tennae and readersto locate, identify and transmit information on items (or people) carrying the
tags. Unlike barcodes, but within certain constraints, RFID does not require contact or line-of-sight
for data capture.
An RFID reader (or interrogator) is a fixed or mobile data capture device that generates an electro-
magnetic field to trigger and capture a data response from an encoded tag present in a defined
interrogation zone. Reader-activated Passive tags use power derived from the RFID readers elec-
tromagnetic field to transmit their data back to the reader. Battery-assisted or semi-passive tags use
batteries to run the microchip and onboard temperature, vibration and other sensors. They have a
longer read range than passive tags. Battery-powered active tags transmit data back to the reader(s)
in their network when activated or at predetermined times.
Voice Recognition Instead of relying on a set of paper-based instructions or RF equipment, a
worker wears a voice headset and a wireless, system-linked device that permit hands- and eyes-
free task execution. Task instructions are transmitted to the worker through the headset. When the
task is finished, the wearer speaks into the headset to confirm completion. This process is com-
monly used in voice-directed picking and put away.
Labels - Imprinted with human and machine readable verbiage, numbers and barcodes, labels are
used to identify products and containers, as well as storage locations. Produced (and sometimes
applied) by printers using ink, toner or thermal transfer, a label stores information related to the
item or location that can be retrieved using AIDC systems. Sophisticated labels may also include
an RFID tag.
Cubing - and weighing Dimensioning equipment uses optical or ultrasonic scanners to determine
the dimensions and volume of an item or package. This information helps with the selection of the
appropriate location for storage, or for placement on a truck for outbound shipping. Scales deter-
mine the weight of a product or load either upon receipt (to confirm that the correct amount of
goods has been received) or prior to shipping (to calculate transportation charges).
Multi-modal data collection In some operations, a combination of two or more of the above AIDC
technologies may be used to further streamline the data collection process.
How is AIDC Used?
AIDC is used in a variety of areas to support processing and picking throughout a facility:
Assembly: Verification that the right component is selected for assembly
Order picking: Providing confirmation that the right item and quantity has been picked
Quality control: Directing a worker to a location and/or to perform a task and requiring confir-
mation of both
Replenishment: Confirmation that the right items are being restocked in the right locations
Storage: Verification that items are being stored in the correct location
What are the Benefits?
AIDC provides a variety of benefits:
Control AIDC technologies help maintain control over inventory from time of receipt through
processing and to outbound shipping. Also facilitate and simplify cycle counting.
Identification AIDC makes it easy to identify products or items by stock keeping unit (SKU)
number.
Inventory accuracy Because AIDC enables real-time monitoring of the number of the number of
units in a facility, it maintains an accurate count of inventory.
Location Data collected by AIDC yields information about the location of stored products as well
as open space available for storage.
Picking accuracy By confirming the accuracy of items picked to fill orders, AIDC reduces errors.
Picking efficiency Because AIDC eliminates paper-based picking, workers can fill more orders
faster.
Visibility AIDC aids in monitoring the completion of a processes.
Where is AIDC Used?
AIDC is used in a variety of industries, including:
Asset tracking
Automotive
Beverage
Chemical
Consumer goods
Electronics
Food
Healthcare
Library
Manufacturing
Medical devices and equipment
Paper
Pharmaceutical
Plastics
Point of sale
Retail
Transportation and logistics
Warehousing and distribution
