BASIC PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
DATE:8 MARCH 2017
WHY PHYTON?
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
LESS LIMITATION
HAVE VARIOUS USAGE IN DIFFERENT FIELD
INTRODUCTION TO THE PYTHON INTERFACE
IDLE (PYTHON GUI).EXE
THIS IS THE PYTHON SHELL
WHICH WILL PROCESS THE
COMMAND LINE BY LINE
INTRODUCTION TO THE PYTHON INTERFACE
IN THE PYTHON SHELL, CLICK
FILE > NEW FILE OR PRESS
CTRL+N AT THE KEYBOARD
THIS CREATE A NEW .PY FILE
WHICH ENABLE THE USER TO
TYPE THE CODE BEFORE
COMPILING
TO RUN THE PROGRAM, PRESS
RUN> RUN MODULE OR F5
TEXT OUTPUT
TYPE THE FOLLOWING
PROGRAM IN THE NEW FILE
(NOT THE PYTHON SHELL)
RUN THE PROGRAM AFTER
DONE TYPING
WHAT DO YOU SEE?
TEXT OUTPUT
YOU DO NOT NEED SEMICOLON(;) FOR EVERY LINE
SEMICOLON ALLOWS MULTIPLE STATEMENTS IN A LINE
THE print FUNCTION ALLOWS THE DISPLAY OF TEXT (STRING)
THE print FUNCTION WILL AUTOMATICALLY ADDING NEWLINE TO THE TEXT
CAN BE AVOIDED BY TYPING A COMMA (,) AFTER THE TEXT
PLACING A HASHTAG (#) BEFORE ANY WORD WILL COMMENT THEM (I.E. NOT
COMPILED)
ARITHMETIC OPERATION
ARITHMETIC OPERATION BETWEEN NUMBER CAN
BE DONE EASILY WITHIN THE SHELL
EXAMPLE OF ARITHMETIC OPERATORS:
+ ADDITION
- SUBTRACTION
* MULTIPLICATION
/ DIVISION (ANSWER IS IN INTEGER)
% MODULUS
** POWER
() BRACKET
VARIABLE DECLARATION
PTYHON DO NOT REQUIRE TO DEFINE DATA
TYPE FOR VARIABLE
SIMPLE SYNTAX: VAR = VALUE
EG: A=3, B=STRING ETC.
MULTIPLE VARIABLE DECLARATION CAN BE
ACHIEVED BY FOLLOWING SYNTAX
VAR1,VAR2 = VALUE1,VALUE2
EG: A,B=3,STRING
TRY THIS PROGRAM, WHAT TO YOU SEE?
BITWISE OPERATION
USE BITWISE OPERATOR
THE BITWISE OPERATOR PERFORMS
ARITHMETIC BIT BY BIT
TRY TO TYPE THE FOLLOWING
COMMAND IN THE SHELL
STRING
STRING DECLARATION (THE STRING IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE DOUBLE OR SINGLE QUOTE)
VAR = STRING OR
VAR = STRING
TO INCLUDE THE DOUBLE OR SINGLE QUOTE IN THE STRING, ESCAPE SEQUENCE LETTER \ IS
USED BEFORE THE QUOTES.
EG:
STRING OPERATION
IN PYTHON, STRING CAN UNDERGO
ARITHMETIC OPERATION
ADDITION WILL JOIN TWO DIFFERENT
STRING TOGETHER
MULTIPLICATION OF A STRING WITH A
CONSTANT WILL RESULT IN A NEW
STRING WITH COPIES OF STRING
CONCATENATED TOGETHER
STRING OPERATION
STRING VARIABLE ALSO CAN BE SEEN AS
AN ARRAY OF LETTER
ELEMENTS INSIDE PYTHON STRING
CANNOT BE CHANGED JUST BY
ASSIGNMENTS
THE NUMBER OF LETTERS IN THE ARRAY
CAN BE CHECKED BY FUNCTION len()
LIST
WE CAN INCLUDE SEVERAL VARIABLE
ELEMENTS INSIDE A SINGLE METAVARIABLE
CALLED LIST
THE ELEMENTS IS ENCLOSED INSIDE THE
SQUARE BRACKET []
ANY ELEMENTS CAN BE ACCESSED AND
DISPLAYED SIMILAR TO THE STRING
HOWEVER THE ELEMENTS CAN ALSO BE
CHANGED EASILY
THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN THE LIST CAN BE
CHECKED BY FUNCTION len()
LIST FUNCTIONS
THERE ARE ALSO SEVERAL OTHER FUNCTIONS
CAN BE DONE ON THE LIST
Function Description
list.append(x) Add an item to the end of the list; equivalent
to a[len(a):] = [x].
list.extend(list2) Extend the list by appending all the items from
another list in the given list, i.e. list+list2
list.insert(i, x) Insert an item,x to a new position,i
list.remove(x) Remove the first item from the list whose value is x
list.pop(i) Remove the item at the given position in the list, and
return it.
list.index(x) Return the index in the list of the first item whose value
is x
list.count(x) Return the number of times x appears in the list
list.sort() Sort the items of the list in place
list.reverse() Reverse the elements of the list, in place.
LIST FILTERING
CREATE A NEW LIST THAT
CONTAINS THE ELEMENTS THAT IS
DEFINED BY THE FUNCTION F(X)
RANGE INCLUDE THE LOWER
RANGE BUT EXCLUDE THE UPPER
RANGE
NOTE: IN PYTHON SHELL, PRESS
ENTER TWICE FOR FUNCTION
DEFINITIONS.
TUPLE
READ-ONLY LIST, HENCE
CANNOT ADDING, MODIFY OR
DELETING THE ELEMENTS
THE ELEMENTS IS ENCLOSED
INSIDE THE PARENTHESIS ()
DICTIONARY
CREATES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ELEMENTS
FIRST ELEMENT IS KNOWN AS KEYS AND SECOND
ELEMENT IS KNOWN AS VALUES
DEFINE A DICTIONARY LIST
DICT_VAR = {}
ADDING A NEW DICTIONARY ENTRY
DICT_VAR[KEYS]=VALUES
DELETE A DICTIONARY ENTRY
del DICT_VAR[KEY]
THERE NO ORDERING CONCEPT INSIDE THE
DICTIONARY
DATA INPUT
FOR NUMBER VALUE, USE input FUNCTION
FOR STRING, USE raw_input FUNCTION
SYNTAX
VAR = input (STRING)
VAR = raw_input (STRING)
TRY THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS
*T.SLEEP IS A FUNCTION THAT DELAY THE
PROGRAM EXECUTION.
RANDOM DATA FUNCTION
BE SURE TO INCLUDE import
random BEFORE USING THE
RANDOM FUNCTION.
THE SYNTAX ARE: random.function
DATA TYPE CONVERSION
ASCII SEARCH
CONDITIONING (IF-ELSE)
PYTHON USE if, elif AND else, followed by a colon (:)
SPACING IS REQUIRED TO DEFINE THE CONDITION
NESTED IF IS POSSIBLE
FOR MULTIPLE CONDITIONS and / or IS USED
EXAMPLE:
LOOPING(WHILE)
SYNTAX
while(condition):
actions
change in condition
else CAN BE USE WITH while
EXECUTE AFTER THE WHILE LOOP DONE
SPACING IS REQUIRED TO DEFINE THE CONDITION
NESTED WHILE IS POSSIBLE
INFINITE LOOP CAN BE CREATED BY SIMPLY WRITING while(0)
THE INFINITE LOOP CAN BE TERMINATED BY SETTING A CONDITION
INSIDE THE PROGRAM CODE WITH break HOWEVER THE ACTION AFTER
else WILL NOT RUN
DURING RUNNING, THE INFINITE LOOP CAN BE TERMINATED BY PRESSING
CTRL + C
LOOPING (FOR)
SIMILAR TO while BUT ABLE TO ITERATE OVER THE
LIST OR STRING
else CAN BE USE WITH for
EXECUTE AFTER THE FOR LOOP DONE
range(a,b) FUNCTION ENABLE THE LOOP TO OCCUR
FOR b-a TIMES.
SPACING IS REQUIRED TO DEFINE THE CONDITION
NESTED FOR IS POSSIBLE
