Weights (g)
No Alcohol Empty With With
(mL) in 100mL sol.Pycnometer Water Solution
1 5 35.02 84.46 84.15
2 10 36.3 88.12 87.44
3 15 34.01 85.28 84.22
4 20 36.06 85.5 84.15
5 25 36.62 87.45 85.8
Density of water, D=0.9971 g/cm3 (@ 25 C and 750mmHg)
Mean density of air, d=0.001184g/cm3 (@ 25 C and 750mmHg)
No W' (g) W (g) (g/cm3) 1/ (ml/g)
1 49.130 49.440 0.9908553811 1.009
2 51.140 51.820 0.9840312451 1.016
3 50.210 51.270 0.9765095775 1.024
4 48.090 49.440 0.9699056917 1.031
5
Partial Molar Volume
D d
1.35
0.9971 0.001184
1.3
1.25
0.9766 0
1.2
0.982916 5.6
5 C and 750mmHg) 1.021244 9.31 1.15
1/ (ml/g)
5 C and 750mmHg) 1.027232 13.6
1.1
W2 (g/100g solution) 1.03516 17.22
1.05
9.11 1.037 23.18
15.96 1.32 100 1
22.22 0.95
28.18
0.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
W2 %
al Molar Volumes
1.35
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.15
1.1
1.05
0.95
0.9
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
W2 %
Solution Pure Water 5 ml 10 ml 15 ml 20 ml Solution 25 ml
9.50 10.1 10.3 10.8 10.8 13.1
Elapsed Time(s) 9.3 10.2 10.8 11 11.3 13.2
9.3 10.3 10.7 10.9 11.1 13.5
Average Time(s) 9.36 10.2 10.6 10.9 11.06 13.26
Volume(ml) C(g/dL) r sp R (lnr) /C
Pure Water 0.000 1 1 0.000 0.000
5.00 0.5 1.090 1.090 0.090 0.1794872 0.1718848596
10.00 0.25 1.132 1.132 0.132 0.528 0.4959439191
15.00 0.167 1.165 1.165 0.165 0.988024 0.9144975271
20.00 0.125 1.182 1.182 0.182 1.456 1.3376633519
25.00 0.1 1.417 1.417 0.417 4.17 3.4854196071
Polymer K Viscosity
a from Osvald Viscometer
M
Na Alginate Polymer 1.23E-04 0.963 2.8435 34068.41
Viscosity Number vs. Concentration
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
R
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55
C (g/dL)
Viscosity Number vs. Concentration
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.8435
2.5
R
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55
C (g/dL)
Time(min)Time(s) pH [H] (mol/L) mH+ mt mt /m t0.5
0 0 5.2 6.3095734E-06 0.000001272 0 0 0
2 120 4.67 2.1379621E-05 4.3101316E-06 3.0381216E-06 0.181182 10.95445
4 240 4.61 2.4547089E-05 4.9486932E-06 3.6766832E-06 0.219263 15.49193
6 360 4.57 2.6915348E-05 5.4261342E-06 4.1541242E-06 0.247736 18.97367
8 480 4.52 3.0199517E-05 6.0882227E-06 4.8162127E-06 0.28722 21.9089
10 600 4.47 3.3884416E-05 6.8310982E-06 5.5590882E-06 0.331523 24.4949
12 720 4.42 3.801894E-05 7.6646182E-06 6.3926082E-06 0.38123 26.83282
14 840 4.38 4.1686938E-05 8.4040868E-06 7.1320768E-06 0.425329 28.98275
16 960 4.35 4.4668359E-05 9.0051412E-06 7.7331312E-06 0.461174 30.98387
18 1080 4.32 0.000047863 9.6491827E-06 8.3771727E-06 0.499582 32.86335
20 1200 4.29 5.1286138E-05 1.0339286E-05 9.0672755E-06 0.540737 34.64102
22 1320 4.25 5.6234133E-05 1.1336801E-05 1.0064791E-05 0.600225 36.3318
24 1440 4.23 5.8884366E-05 1.1871088E-05 1.0599078E-05 0.632088 37.94733
26 1560 4.22 0.000060256 1.2147601E-05 1.0875591E-05 0.648578 39.49684
28 1680 4.19 6.4565423E-05 1.3016389E-05 1.1744379E-05 0.700389 40.9878
30 1800 4.16 6.9183097E-05 1.3947312E-05 1.2675302E-05 0.755906 42.42641
32 1920 4.14 7.2443596E-05 1.4604629E-05 1.3332619E-05 0.795106 43.8178
34 2040 4.13 0.000074131 1.4944814E-05 1.3672804E-05 0.815393 45.16636
36 2160 4.08 8.3176377E-05 1.6768358E-05 1.5496348E-05 0.924142 46.4758
38 2280 4.08 8.3176377E-05 1.6768358E-05 1.5496348E-05 0.924142 47.74935
40 2400 4.08 8.3176377E-05 1.6768358E-05 1.5496348E-05 0.924142 48.98979
msnsz m L Do experimental DH+ (m2/s) (Literature)
1.68E-05 0.017 0.035 6.95126462E-08 9.3E-09
mt /m vs t0.5
1
0.9
0.8
f(x) = 0.016992284x
0.7 R = 0.9880090676
0.6
Column G
mt /m
0.5
Linear (Column G)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
t0.5
Column G
Linear (Column G)
Concentration Concentration
(g/100mL) (g/mL)
Standard 1 1 0.01
Standard 2 5 0.05
Standard 3 8 0.08
Standard 4 10 0.1
Standard 5 15 0.15
Temprature, (C) 20
Lenght of test tube ,(dm) 2
[]T of saccharose solution
66.5
(literature data)
Concentration(g/100ml)
Run 1 4.513064133
Run2 3.4837688044
Run 3 4.6714172605
Average 4.2201108472
Temprature, (C) 20C
Lenght of test tube ,(dm) 2
Specific optical rotaiton, 63.15
Rotation angle,
Rotation Angle ()
1.14 20
Calibration Curve
7.34
18 f(x) = 126.2987951807x
10.5 R = 0.9959248822
13.32 16
17.94 14
12
10
6
Rotation angle, 4
5.7
2
4.4
5.9 0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
5.33
Specific Gravity Concentration(g/mL)
0.0422
63.15
ation Curve
0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
entration(g/mL)
Weights (g)
No Alcohol Empty With With
(mL) in 100mL
Pycnometer
sol. Water Solution
1 3 33.1 84.18 84.88
2 6 30.03 87.29 86.26
3 9 28.09 83.73 82.41 D d
4 12 28.06 83.8 82.06 0.9971 0.001915
Density of water, D=0.9971 g/c (@ 25 C and 750mmHg)
Mean density of air, d=0.00118 (@ 25 C and 750mmHg)
No W' (g) W (g) (g/cm3) 1/ (ml/g) W2 (g/100g solution)
1 51.780 51.080 1.010738 0.989 5.60
2 56.230 57.260 0.979198 1.021 9.31
3 54.320 55.640 0.97349 1.027 13.60
4 54.000 55.740 0.966034 1.035 17.22
1.040
f(x) = 0.0036421636x + 0.9766134861
1.030 R = 0.8410709617
1.020
1.010
1.000 Column E
Linear (Column E)
0.990
0.980
0.970
0.960
4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
