9/18/2017
PLTH 103
INTERNAL ANATOMY, PART 1
Lecture 6 September18, 2017
Australian Jewel Beetle - J. bakewelli
Order: Coleoptera Family: Buprestidae
Buprestids - the jewel beetles
A common brown beetle
About 1 in. long
Feed on eucalyptus trees
The evolutionary trap
1983 - David Rentz & Darryl Gwynn spot a male
jewel beetle trying to mate with a beer bottle
Emu Export stubby bottle had color and bumpy pattern
similar to a females shell
Males would mate until they died
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The evolutionary trap
Rentz & Gwynn won an Ig Nobel Prize
The prize for research that makes people laugh
Emu Export changed the bottle to remove the
bumps
Overview
Last week
External anatomy of insects
Head: eyes, antennae, & mouthparts
Thorax: wings & legs
Abdomen: Sexual organs
This week
Internal anatomy - the organ systems
Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, musculatory, sensory, nervous
& reproductive
Internal anatomy overview
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Digestive system
The insects alimentary canal, its gut, has 3 divisions
separated by 2 sphincters
1. Foregut -
2. Midgut -
3. Hindgut -
Alimentary canal - Foregut
Foregut -
______________ is a valve controlling flow to the midgut
May have teeth for grinding food
Modifications of the gut
Esophagus diverticulata in anopheles mosquitoes
3 enlarged crops separated from the foregut
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Proventriculus as a gizzard
May contain chitinous teeth for grinding food
Also bristles for filtering out large particles
Fleas - a filter for clots of bacteria, blood, and skin
Regurgitate onto host, hence the bubonic plague
Alimentary canal - Midgut
Midgut -
Just a single layer of cells
Peritrophic membrane
Gastric caeca
Alimentary canal - hindgut
Hindgut - large intestine like
structure that absorbs water
Starts where the malpighian
tubules join the gut
Malpighian tubules -
2-200 depending on order
Ends at the rectum and anus
where waste is excreted
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Circulatory system
Insects have an open system circulatory system
Insect blood ( ) flows through the open body
cavity (the ) rather than arteries and veins
Haemolymphs main purpose is to
Circulatory system
The Dorsal vessel is the main pumping organ, it
extends from the back of the abdomen to the head
1. Heart -
2. Aorta -
Circulatory system
Wing shaped alary muscles connect the dorsal vessel
to the body wall
Dorsal diaphragm -
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Circulatory system
Some insects may have
_____________________
near their appendages
Reflexive bleeding
Excretion of haemolymph containing defensive chemicals
Typically through joints in response to stress
The blister beetle (fam. Meloidae) named after this
Chemical cantharidin causes skin irritation
Respiration
Tracheal system, system for transporting gases
Composed of a series of tubes (__________) that connect
to holes in the side of each body segment (___________)
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Respiratory system - Branching
Spiracles open into tracheal trunks, large trachea
that run the length of the body
In each segment Tracheal branches separate from the
trunks, and tracheoles separate from the branches
working themselves into muscles and organs
Tracheole cells are the final branch, they release the
oxygen and pick up CO2 through diffusion
Respiratory system
Fast moving insects may have air sacs, large
balloon shaped tracheal structures
Breathing underwater
Insects that live underwater for part of their life
need a different system for breathing.
Gills - many larvae use gills at the spiracle openings to
convert the open air system into a closed one
Some insects carry their oxygen with them in a bubble
over one or more of their spiracles - ______________
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Jet propelled dragonfly larva
Dragonfly larva gills are inside the rectum
Can shoot water out by clenching abdominal muscles
Questions?
