Evansville, IN 812-477-0077 Henderson, KY 270-830-0077

Jasper, IN 812-482-5105 Owensboro, KY 270-684-0877

Vincennes, IN 812-882-4090 Mt. Vernon, IL 618-244-7156

Mechanical Specifications for Externally Threaded

Fasteners with Grade Markings
Specification Material Size Min. Proof Min. Tensile Core Hardness Min. Yield Grade
Range Strength Strength Rockwell Strength Identification
(Inches) (psi) (psi) Min. Max. (psi) Marking
SAE J429-Grade 1 Low or Medium 1/4 - 1-1/2 33,000 60,000 B70 B100 36,000
Carbon
SAE J429-Grade 2 Steel 1/4 - 3/4 55,000 74,000 B80 B100 57,000
7/8 - 1-1/2 33,000 60,000 B70 B100 36,000
ASTM A307-Grade A Low or Medium 1/4-4 60,000 B69 B100
Carbon (see note 1)
Steel

ASTM A307-Grade B Low or Medium 1/4-4 60,000(min) B69 B95

Carbon 100,000(max) (see note 1)
Steel

SAE J429-Grade 5 Medium Carbon 1/4-1 85,000 120,000 C25 C34 92,000
ASTM A449-Type 1 Steel: Quenched 1-1/8 - 1-1/2 74,000 105,000 C19 C30 81,000
ASTM A449-Type 1 and Tempered 1-3/4 - 3 55,000 90,000 58,000
See Note 2
ASTM A325-Type 1 Medium Carbon 1/2-1 85,000 120,000 C25 C34 92,000 See
Steel: Quenched 1-1/8 - 1-1/2 74,000 105,000 C19 C30 81,000 Note
& Tempered 5
(see note 3)
ASTM A354 Medium Carbon 1/4 - 2-1/2 105,000 125,000 C26 C36 109,000
Grade BC Alloy Steel: over 2-1/2 - 4 95,000 115,000 C22 C33 99,000
Quenched
& Tempered (see note 2)
ASTM A354 Medium Carbon 1/4 - 2-1/2 120,000 150,000 C33 C39 130,000 See
Grade BD Alloy Steel: over 2-1/2 - 4 105,000 140,000 C31 C39 115,000 Note
Quenched (see note 2) 4
& Tempered
SAE J429 Grade 8 Medium Carbon 1/4 - 1-1/2 120,000 150,000 C33 C39 130,000
Alloy Steel:
Quenched
& Tempered
SAE J429-Grade 8.2 Low Carbon 1/4 - 1 120,000 150,000 C33 C39 130,000
Boron Steel:
Quenched
& Tempered
ASTM A490-Type 1 Medium Carbon 1/2 - 1-1/2 120,000 150,000(min) C33 C38 130,000
Alloy Steel: 170,000(max) (see note 3)
Quenched
& Tempered
ASTM A574 Low Alloy Steel: #0 - 1/2 140,000 180,000 C39 C45
Socket Head Cap Screw Quenched over 1/2 - 2 135,000 170,000 C37 C45
& Tempered
Note 1: No minimum hardness is required on bolts and studs 3 times the diameter and longer.
Note 2: Bolts less than 3 times the diameter in length and studs less than 4 times diameter in length shall have hardness values not less than minimum and not more than
maximum.
Note 3: Bolts 3 times the diameter in length and over are not required to meet minimum hardness requirements.
Note 4: ASTM A354-Grade BD shall be marked with the grade symbol BD and, in addition may be marked with six radial lines.
Note 5: Radial line markings 120 degrees apart are optional.

ASTM A36 Material Specification

Specification Material Tensile Strength (psi) Miniumum Yield Strength (psi)
ASTM A36 Carbon Structural Steel 58,000 (min.) - 80,000 (max.) 36,000

Most designers and end users focus on the strength and other characteristics of the bolt or stud. Once having selected the bolt, they must choose the appropriate nut. There
are two simple rules when it comes to selecting the nut:
Rule #1; choose a nut specification compatible with the bolt specification. The bolt specification will usually dictate which nut specification is applicable (ASTM A193 bolts
require ASTM A194 nuts).
Rule #2; choose a nut whose minimum proof strength is greater than or equal to the minimum ultimate tensile strength of the bolt. This ensures us that the bolt will break in
tension prior to the female and/or male threads stripping.
A broken bolt is an obvious failure. Its loose. However, when the threads strip prior to the bolt breaking, we may not notice the failure until after the fastener is put into service.
SAE J429 Bolt and Nut Compatibility
Bolt Grade Recommended Nut Grade (1) Suitable Substitution (2)
SAE J-429 Grade 2 Low Carbon Regular or Heavy Hex Nut SAE J995 Grade 5 or Grade 8 Hex Nut
SAE J-429 Grade 5 SAE J995 Grade 5 Hex Nut SAE J995 Grade 8 Hex Nut
SAE J-429 Grade 8 SAE J995 Grade 8 Hex Nut
(1) Recommended denotes a commercially available nut having the most suitable mechanical properties that will make it possible to obtain the desired bolt load.
(2) Suitable denotes SAE J995 nuts having mechanical properties that will also make it possible to obtain the desired bolt load.

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Evansville, IN 812-477-0077 Henderson, KY 270-830-0077
Jasper, IN 812-482-5105 Owensboro, KY 270-684-0877
Vincennes, IN 812-882-4090 Mt. Vernon, IL 618-244-7156

Grade Identification Markings for Nuts

Specification Material Nominal Proof Load Grade
Size Stress Zinc Identification
(Inches) Plain (psi) Coated Min. Max. Marking
ASTM A563 - Grade 0 Carbon Steel 1/4 - 1-1/2 69,000* 52,000* B55 C32
ASTM A563 - Grade A Carbon Steel 1/4 - 1-1/2 90,000* 68,000* B68 C32
ASTM A563 - Grade A Carbon Steel 1/4 - 4 100,000* 75,000* B68 C32
Heavy Hex 90,000* 68,000*
ASTM A563 - Grade C Carbon Steel, 1/4 - 4 144,000 144,000 B78 C38
Heavy Hex May Be Quenched
& Tempered

ASTM A563 - Grade DH Carbon Steel, 1/4 - 4 175,000 150,000 C24 C38
Heavy Hex Quenched
and Tempered

ASTM A194 - Grade 2H Medium 1/4 - 1-1/2 175,000 150,000*** C24 C38
Heavy Hex Carbon Steel
over 1-1/2 C38

ASTM A194 - Grade 8 AISI 304 1/4 - 1-1/2 80,000 B60 B105
Heavy Hex

SAE J995 Grade Indentification for Nuts

Specification Material Nominal Proof Load Grade Identification
Size Stress Marking
(Inches) (psi) Min. Max. Previous Revised
SAE J995 - Grade 5 Mediun Carbon 1/4 - 1 120,000* C32
Steel, Quenched 109,000**
& Tempered over 1 - 1-1/2 105,000* C32
94,000**
SAE J995 - Grade 8 Medium Carbon 1/4 - 5/8 150,000* C24 C32
Alloy Steel, C26 C34
Quenched over 5/8-1 C26 C36
& Tempered over 1 - 1-1/2
* UNC and 8 UN
** UNF 12 UN and Finer
*** When a zinc coated A194 2Hnut is supplied, the zinc coating, overtapping, lubrication and rotation capacity testing shall be in accordance with ASTM A563 and the proof
stress reduced accordingly. Nuts coated with zinc shall have an asterisk (*) marked after the grade symbol. Nuts coated cadmium shall have a plus sign (+) marked after
the grade symbol.
**** These graded identification markings show the latest revision. Both markings will be acceptable for a transition period.

ASTM Bolt and ASTM A563 Nut Capatibility (ASTM A194 Compatibility
Shown for A325 & A490 Bolts)
ASTM A563 Grade and ANSI Style Nut
Grade Surface Nominal Suitable Substitution (D)
of Bolt (A) Finish (B) Size (In.) Recommended (C) Heavy Hex
ASTM A307 Plain & 1/4 to 1-1/2 Grade A Hex Nut A, C, DH
Grade A Zinc Coated over 1-1/2 to 2 Grade A Heavy Hex Nut C, DH
over 2 to 4 Grade A Heavy Hex Nut C, DH
ASTM A307 Plain & 1/4 to 1-1/2 Grade A Heavy Hex Nut C, DH
Grade B Zinc Coated over 1-1/2 to 2 Grade A Heavy Hex Nut C, DH
over 2 to 4 Grade A Heavy Hex Nut C, DH
ASTM A449 Plain 1/4 to 1-1/2 Grade B Hex Nut C, DH
Types 1 & 2 over 1-1/2 to 3 Grade A Heavy Hex Nut C, DH
Zinc Coated 1/4 to 1-1/2 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut
over 1-1/2 to 3 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut
ASTM A325 Plain 1/2 to 1-1/2 Grade C Heavy Hex Nut DH
ASTM A194 2H, Plain
Zinc Coated 1/2 to 1-1/2 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut
ASTM A354 Plain 1/4 to1-1/2 Grade C Heavy Hex Nut DH
Grade BC over 1-1/2 to 4 Grade C Heavy Hex Nut DH
Zinc Coated 1/4 to 1-1/2 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut
over 1-1/2 to 4 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut
ASTM A354 Plain 1/4 to 1-1/2 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut DH
Grade BD over 1-1/2 to 3 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut
ASTM A490 Plain 1/2 to 1-1/2 Grade DH Heavy Hex Nut
ASTM A194 2H, Plain
ASTM A193 ASTM A194
Grade B7 Grade 2H Heavy Hex Nut
ASTM A193 ASTM A194
Grade B8 Grade 8
ASTM A193 ASTM A194
Grade B8M Grade 8M
Note: the above chart should not be considered all inclusive for the fasteners listed. The nuts listed are those that are readily available.
(A) Bolt includes all externally threaded types of fasteners.
(B) Zinc coated nuts are nuts intended for use with externally threaded fastners which are hot-dip zinc-coated, mechanically zinc-coated or have a plating or coating of suffi-
cient thickness to require overtapping the nut to provide assembly.
(C) Recommended denotes a commercially available nut having the most suitable mechanical properties and dimensional configuration, or style, that will make it possible
to obtain the desired bolt load.
(D) Suitable denotes nuts having mechanical properties that will make it possible to obtain the desired bolt load, but may require consideration of dimensional configura-
tion, style, suitability and availability.

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Evansville, IN 812-477-0077 Henderson, KY 270-830-0077
Jasper, IN 812-482-5105 Owensboro, KY 270-684-0877
Vincennes, IN 812-882-4090 Mt. Vernon, IL 618-244-7156

Fastener Materials Selection Based on the Galvanic Reaction of Metals

Fastener Zinc & Aluminum Steel & Brasses Martensitic Austenitic
Metal Galvanized & Cast Iron Copper Stainless Type Stainless
Steel Aluminum Bronzes & 410 Type
Base Alloys Monel 302/304,
Metal 303, 305
Zinc & 1 2 2 3 3 3
Galvanized Steel
Aluminum 1 1 2 3 Never 2
& Aluminum Recommended
Alloys
Steel & 1,4 1 1 3 3 2
Cast Iron
Teme (lead-tin) 1,4,5 1,5 1,5 3 3 2
Plated
Steel Sheets
Brasses, Copper 1,4,5 1,5 1,5 1 1 2
Bronzes & Monel
Ferritic 1,4,5 1,5 1,5 1 1 1
Stainless Steel
(type 430)
Austenitic 1,4,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1 1
Stainless Steel
(type 302/304)

Key:
1. The corrosion of the base metal is not increased by the fastener.
2. The corrosion of the base metal is marginally increased by the fastener.
3. The corrosion of the base metal may be considerably increased by the fastener material.
4. The plating on the fastener is rapidly consumed, leaving the bare fastener metal.
5. The corrosion of the fastener is increased by the base metal.
NOTE: Surface treatment and environment can significantly alter activity.

Mechanical Properties of Common Stainless Steel Fasteners

in Accordance with ASTM F593
Stainless Condition Nominal Tensile Core Hardness Minimum Yield Grade
Alloy Group Diameter Strength Rockwell Strength Identification
(Inches) (psi) Min. Max. (psi) Marking
Group 1 CW 1 1/4 - 5/8 100,000 - 150,000 B95 C32 65,000
303, 304, 304L, 305
384, XM1, XM7, 303Se

CW 2 3/4 - 1-1/2 85,000 - 140,000 B80 C32 45,000

Group 2 CW 1 1/4 - 5/8 100,000 - 150,000 B95 C32 65,000

316, and 316L

CW 2 3/4 - 1-1/2 85,000 - 140,000 B80 C32 45,000

CW: Headed and rolled from annealed or solution-annealed stock.

Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel for use in High Temperature Service

Specification Material Nominal Minimum Tensile Rockwell Minimum Yield Grade
Diameter Strength Hardness Strength Identification
(Inches) (psi) (Maximum) (psi) Marking
ASTM A193 Chromium-Molybdenum Up to 2-1/2 125,000 C35 105,000
Grade B7 (AISI 4140, 4142, Over 2-1/2 - 4 115,000 C33 95,000
4145, 4140H, 4142H, Over 4 - 7 100,000 C29 75,000
4145H)
ASTM A193 AISI 304 1/4 and 75,000 B96 30,000
Grade B8 Larger
Class 1

ASTM A193 AISI 316 1/4 and 75,000 B96 30,000

Grade B8M Larger
Class 1

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