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Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors Explained

This document outlines the risk factors and disease process for myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack. It lists modifiable risk factors like hypertensive vascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. It also lists non-modifiable risk factors like increasing age, female gender at menopause, and genetics. The disease process involves atherosclerotic plaque building up in coronary arteries, eventually rupturing and blocking blood flow, causing chest pain and cell death. A MI is diagnosed through changes in EKG, cardiac enzymes, and symptoms.

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Wendy Escalante
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377 views2 pages

Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors Explained

This document outlines the risk factors and disease process for myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack. It lists modifiable risk factors like hypertensive vascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. It also lists non-modifiable risk factors like increasing age, female gender at menopause, and genetics. The disease process involves atherosclerotic plaque building up in coronary arteries, eventually rupturing and blocking blood flow, causing chest pain and cell death. A MI is diagnosed through changes in EKG, cardiac enzymes, and symptoms.

Uploaded by

Wendy Escalante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS NON - MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS

Hypertensive vascular disease Advancing age


Diabetes Mellitus Female gender @ menopausal
Obesity Genetics & racial attributes
Lifestyle
- Psychosocial stress
- Physical inactivity
- Alcohol consumption
- Increased fat intake
- Increased serum cholesterol level

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Atheroma build-up Plaque formation @ coronary vessels

Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic


plaque

Exposure of the plaques lipid-rich core


to flowing blood

Seepage of blood into plaque, causing


LEGEND:
it to expand
RISK FACTORS
Thrombus formation
DISEASE PROCESS
Occlusion of a coronary artery
MANIFESTED SIGNS

UNMANIFESTED SIGNS
Coronary blood supply
less than demand

Anaerobic Coronary ischemia


metabolism/glycolysyis

Coronary injury
ANGINA Lactic acid
(CHEST PAIN) production
Coronary infarction Myocardial cell
death
Atypical stomach,
back, or abdominal Elevated ST
Altered segment, Q wave
pain
repolarization of the appears
myocardium

DYSRHYTHMIA Elevated CK-MB,


Myocardial irritability Release of myoglobin, and
lysosomal enzymes troponin T

Decreased cardiac
ELEVATED
contractility
TROPONIN I
Palpitations, orthopnea,
paroxysmal nocturnal Decreased cardiac
dyspnea, hypotension, output
swelling of extremities,
decreased urine output

DIZZINESS, SYNCOPE,
ALTERED MENTATION,
PALLOR, DIAPHORESIS,
SHORTNESS OF BREATH,

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