Exampleanswersmultistoremodelofmemory
Outline and evaluate the multi-store model of memory. (12marks)
Answer One:AtkinsonandShiffrinsmultistoremodelsuggeststhatlongtermmemoryandshort
[Link];
sensorymemory,[Link]
[Link]
repeatedinordertoundergofurtherencodingbeforebeingtransferredtolongtermmemory,otherwise
itwilldecay.
Abigaspectofthemodelwasrehearsal;informationcantreachlongtermmemoryunlessits
[Link],thelongerthememorywillbeasthetracebecomesstronger.
Themodelhasbeencriticisedaslackingecologicalvaliditybecausetheevidenceforthemodelcomes
mainlyfromlaboratorybasedexperimentsusingmeaninglessverbaldata.
Itsalsocriticisedasbeingsimplistic;themodelassumesthatbothshortandlongtermmemoryconsist
ofindividualstoresmadeupofonecomponenteach,butresearchintotheworkingmemorymodelhas
demonstratedthatshorttermmemorypossiblyconsistsofdifferentcomponents.
[Link]
participantswereaskedtorecallwordsfromalist,butwerepreventedfromrehearsingthembyhaving
tocountbackwardsinthrees,recalldroppedfrom80%afterathreesecondinterval,to20%afteran
eighteensecondinterval,[Link]
thereforeshowsastrengthofthemodelinitsviewsonrehearsal.(245words).
ExaminerscommentsNazmasfirstparagraphgivesanoutlineofthemodel,whichlackssomedetail,
[Link],aswouldhave
[Link],[Link]
evaluationwithapointaboutecologicalvalidityandalthoughthistermisnotfullyexplained,shedoes
[Link]
modeliswellexplainedandherknowledgeoftheworkingmemorymodelisusedeffectivelyas
[Link]
[Link],bothstrengthsandweaknesseshavebeenconsidered,areasonablecommentary
isevidentand
anarrowrangeofissueshasbeenconsideredingreaterdepth.
Marks:AO14/6+AO26/6=10/12
AnswerTwo:[Link]
stimulienteredthesensorymemoryfirstandwasheldforaverybriefperiod,about0.3ofasecond.
[Link]
[Link].
Itsstrengthisthatithasresearchsupport,forinstancestudiesofbraindamagedpatientsshowthat
somepeopleloseshorttermmemory,whilstotherslosetheirlongtermmemory.
AlimitationisthattheMultistoremodeldoesntshowthedifferencebetweenvisualandaudio
[Link].(125words)
Examinerscomments:Gwensoutlineisaccurateandrelevant,[Link]
havediscussedtheprocessesinvolvedintransferofmaterialand/orsomeofthedetailsoftheseparate
stores,[Link]
weaknesses,[Link]
instanceshecouldhavegoneonandexplainedinwhatwaythelevelofprocessingapproach
challengesthemodelandmaybeprovidedsomeevidenceinsupportofthispoint.
Marks:4/6+3/6=7/12
Example three:Themultistoremodelofmemory,proposedbyAtkinsonandShiffrin,suggeststhat
memoryismadeupofthreeseparatestores;sensorymemory,shorttermmemoryandlongterm
[Link](howlonginformationcanbestoredfor),
encoding(thewaythattheystoreinformation)andcapacity(theamountofinformationtheycanhold).
Forexample,STMhasadurationoflessthan30seconds,andisusuallyencodedacoustically(by
sound),whereasLTMhasanunlimitedcapacityandisusuallyencodingsemantically(bymeaning).
Althoughinformationinsensorymemoryisprocessedviathefivesenses,thismodelsuggeststhat
[Link]
modelalsosaysthatinformationisprocessedthroughmemoryinalinearfashion;inotherwords,it
mustentermemorythroughthesensorystore,whereitmustbepaidattentiontoinordertobe
[Link].
Astrengthofthismodelisthatitwasthefirstmodelofmemoryandhasgeneratedalotoffurther
[Link],Clive
Wearingwasunabletomakenewshorttermmemoriesaftersufferingbraindamage,buthisLTMwas
largelyunaffected.
OnelimitationofthemodelisthatthecaseofCliveWearingdoesnotsupporttheideathatLTMis
unitarybecause,althoughheisunabletorememberfactsfromhisLTM(suchastheAlevelsubjects
hischildrentook),[Link]
typesofLTM.
AfurtherlimitationisthatthemodelsuggeststhatinformationcanonlybetransferredfromSTMto
LTMviarehearsal,[Link]
example,iftheinformationisespeciallymeaningfultous.(309words)
How many marks would you give this example?
