THERAPEUTIC
PROCESS
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES
The six basic techniques of
psychoanalytic therapy are :
I. Maintaining the Analytic Framework
II. Free Association
III. Interpretation
IV.Dream Analysis
V. Analysis of Resistance
VI.Analysis of Transference
1. Maintaining the
Analytic Framework
Maintaining therapists neutrality and objectivity
The regularity and consistency of meetings
Starting and ending the sessions on time
Clarity on the fees
Explain the basic boundary issues
2. Free Association
Clients must say whatever that comes to mind,
regardless of how painful, silly or irrelevant it may seem.
Client must try to flow any feelings and thought freely
This is the basic tool used to open the door to
unconscious wishes, conflicts and motivation
The therapist ask questions based on these clues to
bring unconscious thoughts, feelings, and attitudes into
conscious awareness.
2. Free Association
This technique is a form of the
Socratic dialectic, in which questioning
elicits psychological truths of which the
person questioned was unaware.
3. Dream Analysis
Dreams are considered the royal road to the
unconscious.
The avenue to study the unconscious material and
giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved
problems
Some memories are unacceptable by the ego that
they are expressed in symbolic form(dream)
Dreams have two level of content which is Latent
Content (hidden but true meaning) and Manifest
Content (obvious meaning)
Analyst studies content of dreams
4. Interpretation
Analyst will explain the meaning of behaviors in
dreams, free association and etc.
Identify, clarify and translate clients material.
To help client make sense of their lives and to
expand their consciousness
Analyst must pay attention not only to the content
but also the process of conveying it to the patient
The patients readiness to accept the
material is an important consideration. If the
interpretation are too deep, the patient might
not be able to accept it and bring it into the
conscious mind. Therefore, before telling the
interpretation to the patient, the analyst must
evaluate the unconscious material. The closer
the material to the preconscious, the more likely
the patient will accept it.
5.Analysis of Resistance
Progress of the therapy is slow - not paying fees,
being late, blocking thoughts during free association,
refusing to recall past memories
Paying attention to resistance are important, the
decision of when to interpret the resistance and tell
the client depends on situation
Therapist must avoid being judgmental, instead
allow him to address what makes him anxious
Therapist must make client understand of their own
thought, feelings and action
6. Analysis of Transference
Clients react to therapist as though they were a
significant other
Counselor interprets the positive and negative
feelings of the client
Release of feeling is an emotional catharsis
Clients become aware of the emotions and able
to move onto another developmental stage
Transference between client and therapist occur
on unconscious level
Therapeutic Goals
Help the client become more aware of the
unconscious material
Enriching the variety of defense mechanism so that
they are more effective & adaptable
To be able to cope with difficulties and demands
Strengthening of the Ego
Main Goal of
Psychoanalytic
Therapy
to resolve intrapsychic conflicts, toward
the end of reconstructing ones basic
personality.
Therapist Functions
And Role
Analyst/therapist will use black-screen approach
where he/she will has little exposure and maintain sense
of neutrality
This is to promote TRANSFERENCE RELATIONSHIP with
client.
Transference Relationship-
DEFINITION :
Process transferring feeling experience in early
relationship to someone important in present
environment
FUNCTION :
Help client develop the freedom to love, work
and play
Help client in achieving self awareness
STEPS :
Build working relationship with client
Give extra attention to the clients resistance
While the client are engaging in free association, the
analyst will interpret the hidden meaning behind their
words.
The function of interpretation is to speed up the
process of uncovering unconscious material
Later, the analyst will teach their client their meaning
of the process of interpretation so that the client will :
1. Gain insight of their problem
2. Increase awareness of ways to change
3. Gain control over their life
Clients Experience In
Therapy
TYPE OF THERAPY :
1.PSYCHOANALYSIS
2. PSYCHODYNAMIC
3.PSYCHOANALYTIC
1. PSYCHOANALYSIS
Client must be a voluntary client, not involuntary.
This is because the client will have to give
commitment in the process.
After a few face-to-face session, therapist will move
on to the next stage where the client are needed to
lie on a couch and engage in free association.
Its an intensive process where client will meet up 4-
5 sessions per week.
In this stage, client will say whatever that comes into
their mind and the therapist will remain non-
judgmental on its content throughout the whole
process
Psychoanalysis attempts to help clients develop
insight into deep-rooted problems that are often
thought to stem from childhood
Success of psychoanalysis often depends on both
analyst and client and how they work together.
2. PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY
This therapy engage in a more supportive intervention
Psychoanalytic therapy is based upon psychoanalysis but is
less intensive(1-3 sessions per week)
It is for individuals who want to understand more about
themselves and those who have difficulties that affected
them
Client will talk about their life and the therapist will listen, this
is known as talk therapy. The therapist will look for patterns
that may have cause the clients difficulties
Usually face-to-face session
Client are advised not to make radical changes in
their lifestyle as it may disturb the therapeutic process
Example of radical change :
-filing a divorce/ quitting their job
This therapy also use other techniques:
-free association, dream analysis
Termination can take place when both therapist and
client mutually agree that the client had :
I. Resolve the problem/core conflict
II. Accepted their remaining emotional problem
III. Understand the root of their difficulties
3. PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY
This approach evolved from the psychoanalytic
theory but it is more simplified in terms of the length of
the process and focus on more immediate problem
(phobia, anxiety problem)
In psychodynamic therapy, the therapist will pay
more attention to transference manifestation (when
the patient transfers feelings for others onto the
therapist), the meaning of clients dream
Transference are encouraged in psychodynamic
This therapy include using technique from other
sources such as Carl Jung, Otto Rank etc.
To increase a client's awareness and understanding
of how the past has influenced present thoughts and
behaviors, by exploring their unconscious patterns.
Seeks to provide a quicker solution
It can be used in individual psychotherapy, group
psychotherapy, family therapy, institutional and
organizational contexts.
ADVANTAGES
Client gains insight
Learn from personal past
Stresses on developmental growth stages
Can be used for a variety of
disorders(hysteria, phobias, anxiety, sexual
difficulties)
DISADVANTAGES
Long term process and expensive
Requires client full commitment
Used mostly in psychiatry
Not useful for older clients
Not design to help people with
urgent concern
