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CFD Assignment: Fin Problem & Heat Conduction

This document discusses numerical solutions to partial differential equations using finite difference schemes. It first examines the finite difference solution to a 1D steady state heat equation compared to the analytical solution. It then analyzes the stability of the forward time centered space (FTCS) and backward time centered space (BTCS) schemes for a 1D unsteady heat equation at various time steps, finding that FTCS is unstable while BTCS remains stable. Plots of temperature over time and space demonstrate that the numerical solutions converge to the expected linear analytical solution in the steady state.

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147 views13 pages

CFD Assignment: Fin Problem & Heat Conduction

This document discusses numerical solutions to partial differential equations using finite difference schemes. It first examines the finite difference solution to a 1D steady state heat equation compared to the analytical solution. It then analyzes the stability of the forward time centered space (FTCS) and backward time centered space (BTCS) schemes for a 1D unsteady heat equation at various time steps, finding that FTCS is unstable while BTCS remains stable. Plots of temperature over time and space demonstrate that the numerical solutions converge to the expected linear analytical solution in the steady state.

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CFD Assignment

John Patmos B (me14btech11017)


1. FIN PROBLEM
Problem Definition:

Temperature of wall = Tw

Temperature of air = Ta

is defined as: = (T Tw)/(Ta Tw)

Boundary conditions:

The wall is maintained at a constant temperature of T w

=> = 0 at x = 0 (at the wall)


d/dx = 0 at x = 1 => N = N-1
The Governing Differential Equation is:


= 0

Length of fin is taken as L = 10m

is taken as 2 and dx as 0.01

X = 0:dx:L
The figure below is a plot of vs x (numerical solution)

Analytical solution is shown below ( = exp(-2x))


Below is a plot of both numerical and analytical solutions.

Shown below is the error between the numerical and analytical solution.
2. FTCS scheme for a 1D unsteady heat conduction equation :

= D*( )

Initial Conditions:

All nodes are assumed to be at 20oC initially except the last node which is at 100oC

Boundary Conditions:

The first node is maintained at 20oC and the last node is maintained at 100oC

After sufficiently long time, the system reaches a steady state and the transient term is
negligible. Then the equation reduces to


=0


=> =

=> T is linear between the temperatures maintained at the end points
To compare the numerical solution with the above analytical solution, a large number of time
steps is chosen:

Number of time steps, n = 100,001

Number of nodes, N = 101, Length L = 1m

dx = L/(N-1) = 0.01m

x = 0:dx:L

The following are the results obtained

(Temperature of nodes along y axis and nodes along x axis)

FTCS scheme is unstable at = 1.


After a large number of time steps the Temperature distribution is linear as
expected from the analytical solution.

(I) = 0.25
At time step ceil(n/1000)

At time step ceil(n/100)


At time step ceil(n/10)

At time step ceil(n)


(ii) = 1

At time step ceil(n/10000)

At time step ceil(n/1000)


3. BTCS scheme for a 1D unsteady heat conduction equation:

Initial Conditions:

All nodes are assumed to be at 20oC initially except the last node which is at 100oC

Boundary Conditions:

The first node is maintained at 20oC and the last node is maintained at 100oC

The following results were obtained:

-> After a large number of time steps the Temperature distribution is linear as expected from the
analytical solution.

-> The BTCS scheme is stable even at =1

(I) alpha = 0.25

At time step ceil(n/10000)


At time step ceil(n/1000)

At time step ceil(n/100)


At time step ceil(n/10)

At time step ceil(n)


(ii) alpha = 1

At time step ceil(n/10000)

At time step ceil(n/1000)


At time step ceil(n/100)

At time step ceil(n/10)


At time step ceil(n)

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