PICs
PIC microcontrollers
PIC microcontrollers are a family of specialized microcontroller chips
produced by Microchip Technology in Chandler, Arizona. The acronym PIC
stands for "peripheral interface controller," although that term is rarely used
nowadays. A microcontroller is a compact microcomputer designed to govern
the operation of embedded systems in motor vehicles, robots, office
machines, medical devices, mobile radios, vending machines, home
appliances, and various other devices. A typical microcontroller includes
a processor, memory, and peripherals.
The PIC microcontrollers appeal to hobbyists and experimenters, especially in
the fields of electronics and robotics. Key features include wide availability,
low cost, ease of reprogramming with built-in EEPROM(electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory), an extensive collection of free application
notes, abundant development tools, and a great deal of information available
on the Internet. The PIC microcontrollers often appear under the brand name
PICmicro.
Every PIC microcontroller has a set of registers that also function
as RAM (random access memory). Special purpose control registers for on-
chip hardware resources are also mapped into the data space. Every PIC has
a stack that saves return addresses. The stack was not software-accessible
on the earlier versions of the PIC, but this limitation was removed in later
devices.