18/8/2017 Secondary school - Wikipedia

Secondary school
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A secondary school is both an organization that provides secondary

education and the building where this takes place. Some secondary
schools provide both lower secondary education and (upper)
secondary education (levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale), but these are
often provided in separate schools. When lower secondary education is
provided in the same school as primary education or in a separate
school, usually called a middle school, it is usually not called secondary
education (except by some education experts) and is considered to be
the second and final phase of basic education. Secondary schools
typically follow on from primary schools and lead into vocational and Piarist Secondary School in Kecskemt,
tertiary education. Attendance is compulsory in most countries for Hungary
students between the ages of 13 and 16. The organisations, buildings,
and terminology are more or less unique in each country.[1][2]

Contents
1 Levels of education
2 Terminology- descriptions of cohorts
3 Theoretical framework
4 Building design specifications
5 Secondary schools by country
5.1 Names for secondary schools by country
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Levels of education

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First 'Early levels' of the ISCED 2011 levels of education and comparison with ISCED 1997

Level ISCED 2011 Description Corresponding ISCED 1997 level

Early childhood
Education (01 Education designed to support early development in
0 Early childhood preparation for participation in school and society. None
educational Programmes designed for children below the age of 3.
development)

Early childhood Education designed to support early development in

Education (02 preparation for participation in school and society.
0 Level 0: Pre-primary education.
Pre-primary Programmes designed for children from age 3 to the
education) start of primary education.

Programmes typically designed to provide students with

Primary Level 1: Primary education or first stage
1 fundamental skills in reading, writing and mathematics
education of basic education.
and to establish a solid foundation for learning.

First stage of secondary education building on primary

Lower secondary Level 2: Lower secondary education or
2 education, typically with a more subject-oriented
education second stage of basic education
curriculum.

Second/final stage of secondary education preparing for

Upper secondary tertiary education or providing skills relevant to
3 Level 3: Upper secondary education
education employment. Usually with an increased range of subject
options and streams.

Programmes providing learning experiences that build

Post-secondary
on secondary education and prepare for labour market Level 4: Post-secondary non-tertiary
4 non-tertiary
entry or tertiary education. The content is broader than education
education
secondary but not as complex as tertiary education.

Level 5B: First stage of tertiary

Short first tertiary programmes that are typically
education: typically shorter, more
Short-cycle practically-based, occupationally-specific and prepare
5 practical/technical/occupationally
tertiary education for labour market entry. These programmes may also
specific programmes leading to
provide a pathway to other tertiary programmes.
professional qualifications.

Terminology- descriptions of cohorts

Within the English speaking world, there are three widely used systems to describe the age of the child. The
first is the 'equivalent ages', then countries that base their education systems on the 'British model' use one of
two methods to identify the year group, while countries that base their systems on the 'American K-12 model'
have refer to their year groups as 'grades'. This terminology extends into research literature. Below is a
convenient comparison [3]

Equivalent ages 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11

K-12 Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5

England (forms) Reception Infants Top infants Junior 1 Junior 2 Junior 3 Junior 4

England (year) R 1 2 3 4 5 6

ISCED level 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 [3]

Equivalent ages 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18

K-12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

England (forms) First Second Third Fourth Fifth Lower Sixth Upper Sixth

England (year) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

ISCED level 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 [3]

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Theoretical framework
School building design does not happen in isolation. The building (or school plant US) needs to accommodate:

Curriculum content
Teaching methods
Costs
Education within the political framework
Use of school building (also in the community setting)
Constraints imposed by the site
Design Philosophy

Each country will have a different education system and priorities. [4] Schools need to accommodate students,
staff, storage, mechanical and electrical systems, storage, support staff, ancillary staff and administration. The
number of rooms required can be determined from the predicted roll of the school and the area needed. A
general classroom for 30 students needs to be 55 m, or more generously 62 m. A general art room for 30
students needs to be 83 m, but 104 m for 3D textile work. A drama studio or a specialist science laboratory for
30 needs to be 90 m. Examples are given on how this can be configured for a 1,200 place secondary (practical
specialism).,[5] and 1,850 place secondary school.[6]

Building design specifications

The building providing the education has to fulfil the needs of: The students, the teachers, the non-teaching
support staff, the administrators and the community. It has to meet general government building guidelines,
health requirements, minimal functional requirements for classrooms, toilets and showers, electricity and
services, preparation and storage of textbooks and basic teaching aids. [7] An optimum secondary school will
meet the minimum conditions and will have :

adequately-sized classrooms;
specialised teaching spaces;
a staff preparation room;
an administration block;
multipurpose classrooms;
a general purpose school hall;
laboratories for science, technology, mathematics and life sciences, as may be required;
adequate equipment;
a library or library stocks that are regularly renewed; and
computer rooms or media centres.[7]

Government accountants having read the advice then publish minimum guidelines on schools. These enable
environmental modelling and establishing building costs. Future design plans are audited to ensure that these
standards are met but not exceeded. Government ministries continue to press for the 'minimum' space and cost
standards to be reduced.

The UK government published this downwardly revised space formula in 2014. It said the floor area should be
1050m (+ 350m if there is a sixth form) + 6.3m/pupil place for 11- to 16-year-olds + 7m/pupil place for
post-16s. The external finishes were to be downgraded to meet a build cost of 1113/m. [8]

Secondary schools by country

A secondary school, locally may be called high school or senior high school. In some countries there are two
phases to secondary education (ISCED 2) and (ISCED 3), here the junior high school, intermediate school,
lower secondary school or middle school occurs between the primary school(ISCED 1) and high school.

Names for secondary schools by country

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Argentina: secundaria or polimodal, escuela secundaria

Australia: high school, secondary college
Austria: gymnasium (Ober- & Unterstufe), Hauptschule, Hhere Bundeslehranstalt (HBLA), Hhere
Technische Lehranstalt (HTL)
Azerbaijan: orta mktb
Bahamas, The: junior high (grades 79), senior high (grades 1012)
Belgium: lagere school/cole primaire, secundair onderwijs/cole secondaire, humaniora/humanits
Bolivia: educacin primaria superior (grades 68) and educacin secundaria, (grades 912)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: srednja kola (literally middle school), gimnazija (gymnasium)
Brazil: ensino mdio (officially), segundo grau (formerly)
Bulgaria: c (grades 812)
Canada: high school, junior high or middle school, secondary school, cole secondaire, lyce, collegiate
institute, polyvalente
Chile: enseanza media
China: zhong xue (; literally, middle school), consisting of chu zhong (; literally beginning
middle) from grades 7 to 9 and gao zhong (; literally high middle) from grades 10 to 12
Colombia: bachillerato, segunda enseanza (literally second learning)
Croatia: srednja kola (literally middle school), gimnazija (gymnasium)
Cyprus: (gymnasium), (Lyceum)
Czech Republic: stedn kola (literally middle school), gymnzium (gymnasium), stedn odborn
uilit
Denmark: gymnasium
Egypt: Thanawya Amma () , (public secondary certificate)
Estonia: upper secondary school, gymnasium, Lyceum
Finland: lukio (Finn.) gymnasium (Swed.)
France: collge (junior), lyce (senior)
Germany: Gymnasium, Gesamtschule, Realschule, Hauptschule, Fachoberschule
Greece: (3 years) (gymnasium), (3 years) (~1996, 2006~present),
(3 years), (1997~2006) (lyceum)
Hong Kong: Secondary school()
Hungary: gimnzium (grammar school), kzpiskola (comprehensive school, lit. "middle-school"),
szakkzpiskola (vocational secondary school, lit. "specified middle-school")
Iceland: framhaldsskli (menntaskli, inskli, fjlbrautaskli) from 11-13 Grade. You go first in 1 - 10
Grade then you change the school to Menntaskla and take 3 years(11-13 Grade). But you can also take it
4 years.
India: secondary school, higher secondary school
Indonesia: sekolah menengah atas (SMA) (lit. "upper middle school"), sekolah menengah pertama (SMP)
(lit. "first middle school"), sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) (vocational school, lit. "middle vocational
school")
Italy: scuola secondaria di primo grado (3 years) + scuola secondaria di secondo grado (5 years): Liceo,
Istituto Tecnico and professionale (34 years)
Japan: chgakk (; literally middle school), ktgakk (; literally high school),
chtkyikugakk (; Secondary School) In the pre-Meiji educational system, the
equivalent was called "chsei"
South Korea: (joongdeung gyoyook; literally middle education), comprising
(joonghakkyo; grades 79, though referred to as "middle school grades 13") and
(godeunghakkyo; grades 1012, though referred to as "high school grades 13")
Latvia: vidusskola (literally middle school)
Liechtenstein: gymnasium
Lithuania: vidurin mokykla (literally middle school), gimnazija (gymnasium), licjus (lyceum)
Malaysia: secondary school or sekolah menengah, sometimes high school is used
Malta: skola sekondarja or secondary school
Mexico: educacin secundaria y preparatoria
Netherlands: middelbare school or voortgezet onderwijs
New Zealand: high school, college or secondary school
Norway: videregende skole
Paraguay: educacin media
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Peru: educacin secundaria or escuela secundaria

Philippines: high school or mataas na paaralan
Poland: gimnazjum (grades 79), liceum (grades 1012)
Portugal: 2 Ciclo do Ensino Bsico (5th and 6th grades), 3 Ciclo do Ensino Bsico (7th to 9th grades),
and Ensino Secundrio, Liceu (10th to 12th grades)
Romania: gimnaziu (grades 58), liceu (grades 912)
Russia: (literally middle school)
Serbia: gymnasium (4 years), professional schools (4 years), vocational schools (3 or 4 years)
Spain: educacin secundaria, composed of two cycles: E.S.O. (Educacin Secundaria Obligatoria,
compulsory secondary education, 4 years, 7th to 10th grade) and bachillerato (non-compulsory
secondary education, 2 years, 11th and 12th grade); formerly, primary education comprised up to the 8th
grade and the secondary education was composed of two non-compulsory cycles: B.U.P. (Bachillerato
Unificado Polivalente, 3 years, 9th to 11th grade) and C.O.U. (Curso de Orientacin Universitaria, 1
year, 12th grade)
Sweden: gymnasium
Switzerland: gymnasium, secondary school, collge or lyce
Taiwan: Junior High School (), Senior High School (), Vocational High School (
), Military School (), and Complete High School ().
Thailand: mhymks (
; ilt. "Secondary education")
Turkiye: Lise
United Kingdom: Secondary School (May be referred to as High School)
Ukraine: (transliteration: serednya osvita)
United States: high school (usually grades 912 but sometimes 1012, it is also called senior high
school) is always considered secondary education; junior high school or middle school (68, 78, 69, 7
9, or other variations) are sometimes considered secondary education.
Uruguay: Liceo or Secundaria (3 years of compulsory education: Ciclo Bsico; and 3 years of
specialization: Bachillerato Diversificado, into: Humanities (Law or Economics), Biology (Medicine or
Agronomy), Science (Engineering or Architecture), and Art
Venezuela: "Bachillerato"
Vietnam: Trung hc c s (lit. basis middle school) Trung hc ph thng (lit. "popular middle school")

See also
List of schools by country
Secondary education
Tertiary education

References
1. "International Standard Classification of EducationI S C E D 1997" (http://www.unesco.org/education/inf
ormation/nfsunesco/doc/isced_1997.htm). www.unesco.org.
2. Iwamoto, Wataru (2005). "Towards a Convergence of Knowledge Acquisition and Skills Development"
(http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/isced-2011-en.pdf) (PDF). uis.unesco.org. UNESCO.
Retrieved 11 March 2017.
3. Ward, Ken. "British and American Systems (Grades)" (https://trans4mind.com/personal_development/wr
iting/Readability_software/briishAmericanComparison.htm). trans4mind.com. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
4. Liew Kok-Pun, Michael (1981). "Design of secondary schools:Singapore a case study" (http://unesdoc.un
esco.org/images/0004/000443/044397EB.pdf) (PDF). Educational Building reports. Voume 17:
UNESCO. p. 37. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
5. "Baseline designs: 1,200 place secondary (practical specialism) - GOV.UK" (https://www.gov.uk/govern
ment/publications/baseline-designs-1120-place-secondary-practical-specialism). www.gov.uk. GOV.UK.
Retrieved 4 April 2017.
6. "Baseline design: 1,850 place secondary school - GOV.UK" (https://www.gov.uk/government/publication
s/baseline-design-1850-place-secondary-school). www.gov.uk. gov.uk. Retrieved 4 April 2017.

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7. "Guidelines relating to planning for public school infrastructure" (http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClic

k.aspx?fileticket=cWhHzzzCo1w%3D&tabid=93&mid=2598). Department of Basic Education, Republic
of South Africa. 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
8. "Baseline designs for schools: guidance - GOV.UK" (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/baseli
ne-designs-for-schools-guidance/baseline-designs-for-schools-guidance). www.gov.uk. Education
Funding Agency. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2017.

External links
Australian CensusAtSchool (Australia) (http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/cashome.nsf/Home/Entry%20
Page.es)
Canadian Education Statistics Council (CESC) (United States) (https://web.archive.org/web/2016030508
1228/http://www.cesc-csce.ca/)
Office for National Statistics (ONS) (United Kingdom) (http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nscl.asp?ID=60
85)
BB103_Area_Guidelines_for_Mainstream_Schools (2014) UK (https://www.gov.uk/government/upload
s/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324056/BB103_Area_Guidelines_for_Mainstream_Schools_COR
RECTED_25_06_14.pdf)
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (United States) (http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/)
OECD Standardised designs (2011) (http://www.oecd.org/education/innovation-education/centreforeffect
ivelearningenvironmentscele/48224041.pdf)

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