from visual import *

# Mikhail Temkine, University of Toronto, April 2007

print("""

Box lighting test

""")

r=3

a1 = a2 = a3 = 0.0

arrow(pos=(0, 4, 0), axis=(0, 1, 0), color=color.red)

boxy = box(size=(3,3,3), color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5), material=materials.rough)

b1 = sphere(radius=0.3, pos=(r, 0, 0),

color=color.magenta, material=materials.emissive)

b2 = sphere(radius=0.3, pos=(0, 0, r),

color=color.yellow, material=materials.emissive)

b3 = arrow(radius=0.3, pos=(0, 0, r),

color=color.green, material=materials.emissive)

l1 = local_light(pos=b1.pos, color=b1.color)

l2 = local_light(pos=b2.pos, color=b2.color)

l3 = distant_light(direction=b3.pos, color=b3.color)

while True:

rate(100)

l1.pos = b1.pos = r*vector(cos(a1), sin(a1), b1.z)

a1 += 0.02

l2.pos = b2.pos = (r+0.4)*vector(b2.x, sin(a2), cos(a2))

a2 += 0.055

l3.direction = b3.pos = (r+3)*vector(sin(a3), b3.y, cos(a3))

b3.axis = b3.pos * -0.3

from visual import *

# Kadir Haldenbilen, February 2011

print ("Click to pause or restart.")

scene.autocenter = True

scene.width = 1024

scene.height = 768

mfrm = frame(axis=(0,0,1)) # Motor Frame

rfrm = frame(frame=mfrm) # Rotor Frame

# Create contactor

# First, draw the outer circle

g1 = shapes.circle(radius=1.2)

ns=24

# We will have 24 contactor surfaces, 2 per each rotor wiring

for i in range(ns):

# Second, subtract rectangular pieces to get a slice for each contact surface

t = shapes.rectangle(pos=(1.2*cos(i*2*pi/ns),1.2*sin(i*2*pi/ns)),

width=2.1, height=0.05, rotate=i*2*pi/ns)

g1 = g1 - t

g1 = g1 - shapes.circle(radius=0.5) # Last, subtract rotor shaf

cl = 2.0

# Now, extrude to get "cylindrical" contactor surfaces

ge1 = extrusion(pos=[(0,0,0),(0,0,cl)], shape=g1, color=(1,0.5,0.3),

material=materials.rough, frame=rfrm)
# Create contactor soldering tips, same as above

g2 = shapes.circle(radius=1.4)

ns=24

sphs = []

for i in range(ns):

t = shapes.rectangle(pos=(1.2*cos(i*2*pi/ns),1.2*sin(i*2*pi/ns)),

width=2.1, height=0.2, rotate=i*2*pi/ns)

g2 = g2 - t

sldr = sphere(frame=rfrm, pos=(1.195*cos(i*2*pi/ns+pi/ns),1.195*sin(i*2*pi/ns+pi/ns),2.2),

radius=0.1, material=materials.shiny) # add solders

sphs.append(sldr)

g2 = g2 - shapes.circle(radius=0.6) # Subtract a wider circle to enable soldering

# Finally extrude to get soldering surfaces

ge2 = extrusion(pos=[(0,0,2),(0,0,2.4)], shape=g2, color=(1,0.5,0.3),

material=materials.rough, frame=rfrm)

# Add shaf insulator material

# Define a circular ring of thickness=0.05

sc = shapes.circle(radius=0.5, thickness=0.05)

# Extrude the ring to get a thin hollow cylinder insulator over the shaf

sce = extrusion(pos=[(0,0,-0.5),(0,0,9.5)], shape=sc, color=(1,0,0),

material=materials.plastic, frame=rfrm)

# The Rotor Shaf, defined by a simple cylinder

shaf = cylinder(frame=rfrm, pos=(0,0,-1.5), axis=(0,0,12), radius=0.495,

material=materials.blazed)

# Add a piece of gear at one end of the shaf

# Use the gear shape to define the shape, note radius, addendum, dedendum sizes
gr = shapes.gear(n=9, radius=0.455, addendum=0.04, dedendum=0.06, fradius=0.01)

# Extrude the gear shape appending it to the shaf end

gre = extrusion(frame=rfrm, pos=[(0,0,-1.5),(0,0,-3)], shape=gr,

material=materials.blazed)

# Define Rotor Core

# Normally the core should have been built of many very thin sheets

# For performance reasons, a single block is built

# First define the outer circle

g3 = shapes.circle(radius=3.0)

ns=12

# We will have 12 wiring sections on the rotor core

for i in range(ns):

# First define the vertical channels

t1 = shapes.rectangle(pos=(3*cos(i*2*pi/ns),3*sin(i*2*pi/ns)),

width=1.1, height=0.3, rotate=i*2*pi/ns)

# Then define winding hollow as a trapezoidal area

t2 = shapes.trapezoid(pos=(2.*cos(i*2*pi/ns),2.*sin(i*2*pi/ns)),

width=1.2, top=0.5, height=1.4, roundness=0.1,

rotate=i*2*pi/ns+pi/2, )

g3 = g3 - t2 - t1 # From the circle, subtract wiring areas

# Obtain rotor core profile

g3 = g3 - shapes.circle(radius=0.495) # Subtract rotor shaf area

# Define rotor core body sizes

ps = 5.5

dlt = 0.05

thk = 5.04

nl = 1 # nl = 100
cf = frame(frame=rfrm, pos=(0,0, thk/2.+cl/2.0))

for i in range(nl):

# Extrude rotor core profile to get the full core body

ge3 = extrusion(pos=[(0,0,i*dlt),(0,0,i*dlt+thk)], shape=g3,

color=(0.7,0.7,0.705), twist=0.0, frame=cf)

# Do the core wire windings

# Here is a trick to build a saw-teeth profile, to represent many single windings

N = 20 # coils

vright = vector(.3,1.3)

r = mag(vright)/(2*N)

vright = norm(vright)

# S is the cross sectional profile of "winding block"

S = Polygon([(-.1,-.65), (0,-.65), (.3,.65), (-.1,.65)])

for n in range(N):

right = vector(0,-.65)+(r+n*2*r)*vright

# Add saw-teeth on the block to represent wires

S += shapes.circle(pos=(right.x,right.y), radius=r, np=4)

# Define the winding path as a rounded rectangle

P = shapes.rectangle(width=.5, height=thk)

P += shapes.circle(pos=(0,-thk/2), radius=.25, np=10)

P += shapes.circle(pos=(0,+thk/2), radius=.25, np=10)

wrfs = []

for i in range(ns):

# We need a separate frame for individiual winding section

wrf = frame(frame=cf, pos=(0,2,thk/2.))

wrfs.append(wrf)

# Extrude the winding block per winding path

wre = extrusion(frame=wrf, pos=P, shape=S,

color=(.7,.5,.15), material=materials.rough)
 # Make angular corrections to position on the rotor core

wrf.rotate(axis=(0,0,1), angle=(i*2*pi/ns+pi/ns), origin=(0,0,0))

# Connect contactor surfaces to windings with cables

for i in range(ns):

# Connect every other contactor to one end of windings (somewhere!)

curve(frame=rfrm, pos=[sphs[i*2].pos, cf.pos+wrfs[i].pos], radius=0.05,

color=(0.4,0.2,0))

# Connect remaining ones to the other end of windings (somewhere!)

curve(frame=rfrm, pos=[sphs[i*2+1].pos, cf.pos+wrfs[i].pos], radius=0.05,

color=(0,0,1))

# Create Brushes

# From a rectangular cross section, subtract rotor contactor circle, leaving us two

# brushes on each sides of the contactor, with circular profile

br = shapes.rectangle(width=5, height=0.4) - shapes.circle(radius=1.21)

# Extrude the brush profile to get the brushes in 3D

bre = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=[(0,0,0.4),(0,0,1.6)], color=(0.1,0.1,0.15),

material=materials.rough, shape=br)

# Create Brush Housings

# Define a rectangular frame, with a thickness of 0.1

bh = shapes.rectangle(width=1.3, height=0.5, thickness=0.1)

# Extrude the rectangular frame to obtain hollow boxes for each housing

bhe1 = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=[(1.4,0,1),(2.9,0,1)], shape=bh, color=(0.9,1,0.8),

material=materials.rough)

bhe2 = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=[(-1.4,0,1),(-2.9,0,1)], shape=bh, color=(0.9,1,0.8),

material=materials.rough)

# Place a screw on each housing to fix the power cables

# Create a screw head profile by subtracting a cross from a circle

scrh.scale(0.15,0.15)

# Extrude a little to get the screw head

scrhw1 = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=[(2.7,0.2,1),(2.7,0.3,1)], shape=scrh, color=(1,1,0.8),

material=materials.rough)

scrhw2 = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=[(-2.7,0.2,1),(-2.7,0.3,1)], shape=scrh, color=(1,1,0.8),

material=materials.rough)

# Create the screw bodies

# Use a square to create the body with teeth

scrb = shapes.rectangle(scale=0.1)

# Extrude the square with twist parameter to get the teeth of the screw

scrbe1 = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=paths.line(start=(2.7,0.2,1), end=(2.7,-0.3,1),

np=20), shape=scrb, twist=0.4, color=(1,1,0.9),

material=materials.rough)

scrbe2 = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=paths.line(start=(-2.7,0.2,1), end=(-2.7,-0.3,1),

np=20), shape=scrb, twist=0.4, color=(1,1,0.9),

material=materials.rough)

# Place the brush system on a craddle

# Use a rectangular block, subtract rotor circle to allow space for the rotor

crdl = (shapes.rectangle(pos=(0,-0.9), width=5.8, height=1.4) -

shapes.circle(radius=1.21) - shapes.circle(pos=(-2.2,-0.9), radius=0.1))

# Extrude the block to get the craddle

crdle = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=[(0,-0.05,0.2),(0,-0.05,1.8)],

material=materials.plastic, shape=crdl)

# Connect power cables to the brushes

# Use simple curves to define cables

cbl1i = curve(frame=mfrm, pos=[scrhw1.pos[-2], scrhw1.pos[-2]- vector(-2,0,0)],

radius=0.03, color=ge1.color)
cbl1o = curve(frame=mfrm, pos=[scrhw1.pos[-2], scrhw1.pos[-2]- vector(-1.5,0,0)],

radius=0.05, color=(0,0,1))

cbl2i = curve(frame=mfrm, pos=[scrhw2.pos[-2], scrhw2.pos[-2]+ vector(-0.5,0,0)],

radius=0.03, color=ge1.color)

cbl2i.append(pos=cbl2i.pos[-1]+(0,-2,0))

cbl2i.append(pos=cbl2i.pos[-1]+(7,0,0))

cbl2o = curve(frame=mfrm, pos=cbl2i.pos, radius=0.05, color=(1,0,0))

cbl2o.pos[-1]-= (0.5,0,0)

# Add ball-bearings at both ends of the shaf

# First create the cross section of the bearing

# From a rectangular shape subtract the circles for the balls, and then

# subtract another rectangle for the shaf

br = shapes.rectangle(width=0.54, height=0.75) - shapes.circle(radius=0.25) -

b1f = frame(frame=rfrm, pos=(0,0,-0.75))

# Extrude the cross section along a full circle to get a ball bearing

br1 = extrusion(frame=b1f, pos=paths.circle(radius=0.75), shape=br,

material=materials.blazed)

b1f.rotate(angle=pi/2)

b2f = frame(frame=rfrm, pos=(0,0,10.))

br2 = extrusion(frame=b2f, pos=paths.circle(radius=0.75), shape=br,

material=materials.blazed)

b2f.rotate(angle=pi/2)

# Do not forget to add the balls

bbrs1 = []

bbrs2 = []

for i in range(7):

bbrs1.append(sphere(frame=rfrm, pos=(0.75*cos(i*2*pi/7.0), 0.75*sin(i*2*pi/7.0), -0.75),

bbrs2.append(sphere(frame=rfrm, pos=(0.75*cos(i*2*pi/7.0), 0.75*sin(i*2*pi/7.0), 10.),

radius=0.25, material=materials.rough))

# Define the stator core - again defined as a single block

# We did not include all stator parts here for better visualisation

# Use a rounded rectangle for the stator base.

# Subtract a large circle in the middle to allow for the rotor

# Subtract circular holes to place the stator windings

# Subtract some more holes for fixing the stator core on the motor body

stb = (shapes.rectangle(pos=(0,-2.25), width=6, height=3, roundness=0.5) -

shapes.rectangle(width=8.5, height=4.6) - shapes.circle(radius=3.1) -

shapes.circle(pos=(2.6,-2.1), radius=0.3) -

shapes.circle(pos=(2.0,-3.4), radius=0.15) -

shapes.circle(pos=(-2.6,-2.1), radius=0.3) -

shapes.circle(pos=(-2.0,-3.4), radius=0.15))

# Extrude the stator profile to get the stator core

stbe = extrusion(frame=mfrm, pos=[(0,0,thk/2.+cl/2.0), (0,0,thk/2.+cl/2.0+thk)], shape=stb)

# Here is a complex path definition for stator winding, which is not planar.

# The path is made up of an arc in YZ + line in ZX + arc in ZY + line in XZ

tp = []

# Define the arc path

pp = shapes.arc(angle1=-pi/3.5, angle2=pi/3.5, radius=3.4)

cp = pp.contour(0)[0:len(pp.contour(0))//2]

for p in cp:

tp.append((0,-p[0],p[1]))

# Create the reverse arc path

tmp.extend(tp)

tmp.reverse()

tp.append(vector(tp[-1])-vector(thk+0.7,0,0))

for p in tmp:

# We are in 3D, not in 2D

tp.append(vector(p)-vector(thk+0.7,0,0))

tp.append(vector(tp[-1])+vector(thk+0.7,0,0))

# Just a simple winding cross section for the whole of the stator winding

sts = shapes.circle(radius=0.3)

sfrm = frame(frame=mfrm, pos=(0,0,thk+cl*2-0.15))

# Extrude the winding profile along the complex stator path

stse = extrusion(frame=sfrm, pos=tp,

shape=sts, color=(1,0,0))

sfrm.rotate(axis=(0,1,0), angle=-pi/2)

# Create the motor cover as a rotational extrusion along the mootor

# Add two rounded rectangles which will cover all the rotor and stator.

# Leave the tips of shaf outside the cover

cvr = (shapes.rectangle(width=3, height=11.4, roundness=0.1) +

shapes.rectangle(width=9, height=10, roundness=0.1))

cvrc = Polygon(cvr.contour(0))

# Create a scaled down copy of the same profile

cvrc.scale(0.95,0.95)

# Subtract the smaller one to get a thin "skin" to represent the cover

# We do not need the full profile, take out the lower half, allowing some

# space for the ball bearings

cvr = (cvr - cvrc - shapes.rectangle(width=1.8, height=12) -

shapes.rectangle(pos=(-4,0), width=7, height=12))

cfrm = frame(pos=(-4.6,0,0))

# Rotate the profile around the shaf along an arc to get the cover.
# Do not use full circle, so that we can see the inside of the motor

cvre = extrusion(frame=cfrm, pos=paths.arc(angle1=-pi/4, angle2=pi, radius=0.1),

shape=cvr, color=(0,0.6,0.3), material=materials.rough)

# Place the cover correctly

cfrm.rotate(angle=pi/2)

cfrm.rotate(axis=(0,1,0), angle=pi/2)

cfrm.rotate(axis=(1,0,0), angle=-pi/2)

# Connect power cables

angl = pi/400

run = True

# Turn on the motor

while True:

rate(100)

if run:

rfrm.rotate(angle=angl, axis=(0,0,1))

if scene.mouse.events:

m = scene.mouse.getevent()

if m.click == 'lef':

run = not run