Lifting Lug Design Reference: ASME BTH-1-2008
Given:
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Information of Lug
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Design Category A Lifter
Nd = 2.0
Nd = 2.4 (for fracture)
Thickness of lug: t = 38 mm
Radius of circular sector: R = 150 mm
Diameter of hole: Dh = 73 mm
Distance from center of hole to welding: h = 125 mm
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Diameter of pin: Dp = 70 mm
Length of welding: L = 300 mm
Assume: full penetration welding between lug and main
structural member, no checking for welding strength is
required
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Yielding strength of lug: Fy = 250 MPa
Tensile strength of lug: Fu = 350 MPa
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Information of loading
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Specified load on hole: P = 15000 kN
Angle of loading from vertical line: = 60
Cyclic Loading
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Results:
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Check Geometry
be = R - Dh/2 = 150.0 - 73.0 / 2 =113.5 mm
a = R - Dh / 2 = 150.0 - 73.0 / 2 =113.5 mm
be Dh/2, OK
a 5t, OK
a 2t, OK
t Dh/4, OK
t 12.7 mm, OK
a 2 Dh/3, OK
h 1.5 Dh, OK
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Allowable Tensile Strength
Cr = 1 - 0.275 (1 - Dp2 / Dh2)0.5 = 1 - 0.275 x (1 - 70.02 /
73.02)0.5 =0.92, Eq. 3-46
b1 = be(0.6)(Fu/Fy).(Dh/be)0.5 = 113.5 x 0.6 x (350 / 250) x
(73.0 / 113.5)0.5 =76.5mm , Eq. 3-48
beff = Min. [b1, be] = Min. [76.5, 113.5] =76.5mm
Pt = Cr . Fu .(2 t . beff) / (1.2 Nd) = 0.92 x 350 x (2 x 38.0 x
76.5) x 0.001 / (1.2 x 2.0) =781.3kN , Eq. 3-45
U.R. = P/Pt = 15000.0 / 781.3 =19.2
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Check Stress Concentration Peterson's Stress
Concentration Factors Ch.5.8 (Pilkey)
d/H = Dh/(2R) = 0.24
From Chart 5.12: Kt0.2 = 4.41
From Chart 5.12: Kt100 = 5.39
e = 100(Dh - Dp)/Dh % = 4.1 %
From Chart 5.12: f = 0.68
Kte = kt0.2 + f .(kt100 - kt0.2) = 4.41 + 0.68 x (5.39 - 4.41)
=5.07
t/Dh = 0.52
From Chart 5.13: = 0.98
Stress concentration factor Kte = . Kte = 0.98 x 5.07 =4.97
U.R. = kte. P/Pt = 4.97 x 15000.0 / 781.3 =95.42
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Allowable Single Plane Fracture Strength
Pb = Cr . Fu .[1.13(R - Dh/2) + 0.92 be/(1 + be/Dh)].t / (1.2 Nd)
= 0.92 x 350 x [1.13 x (150.0 - 73.0/2) + 0.92 x 113.5 / (1
+ 113.5/73.0)] x 38.0 x 10-3 / (1.2 x 2.4) =720.1kN , Eq. 3-
49
U.R. = P/Pb = 15000.0 / 720.1 =20.83
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Allowable Double Plane Shear Strength
= 55 Dp/Dh = 55 x 70.0 / 73.0 =52.7, Eq. 3-52
Av = 2 {a + (Dp/2). [1 - cos()]} .t = 2 x {113.5 + (70.0/2) x
[1 - cos(52.7)] } x 38.0 =9675.5 mm2, Eq. 3-51
Pv = 0.7 Fu . Av / (1.2 Nd) = 0.7 x 350 x 9675.5 x 0.001 / (1.2
x 2.0) =987.7kN, Eq. 3-50
U.R. = P/Pv = 15000.0 / 987.7 =15.19
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Bearing Stress between Pin and Lug
Projected area of pin: Ae = Dp .t = 70.0 x 38.0 =2660.0 mm2
Pp = 0.63 Fy . Ae / Nd = 0.63 x 250 x 2660.0 x 0.001 / 2.0
=209.5kN, Eq. 3-54
U.R. = P/Pp = 15000.0 / 209.5 =71.61
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Forces at Connection between Lug and Main Structural
Member
Tension: T = P . cos() = 15000.0 x cos(60.0) =7500.0 kN
Shear: V = P . sin() = 15000.0 x sin(60.0) =12990.4 kN
Bending Moment: M = P . h . sin() = 15000.0 x 125.0 x
sin(60.0) =1.62e+06 kN.mm
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Effective Section Properties at Connection between Lug
and Main Structural Member
Area of cross section: Ae = L . t = 300.0 x 38.0 =11400.0
mm2
Section Modulus: Se = L2 . t / 6 = 300.02 x 38.0 / 6
=5.70e+05 mm3
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Shear Stress at Connection between Lug and Main
Structural Member
Shear stress: fv = V/Ae = 12990.4 x 103 / 11400.0 =1139.5
MPa
Allowable shear stress: Fv = Fy/(1.732 Nd) = 250 / (1.732 x
2.0) =72.2 MPa, Eq. 3-28
U.R. = fv/Fv = 1139.5 / 72.2 =15.79
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Normal Stress at Connection between Lug and Main
Structural Member
Normal stress by tension: ft = T/Ae = 7500.0 x 103 / 11400.0
=657.9 MPa
Allowable tensile stress: Ft = Fy/Nd = 250 / 2.0 =125.0
MPa, Eq. 3-1
Normal stress by moment: fb = M/Se = 1.62e+06 x 103/
5.70e+05 =2848.8 MPa
Assume: Lb = 2 h =250.0 mm
Assume: Cb = 1.0
Lb. L/t2 0.08 E/Fy
Allowable stress for bending: Fb = 1.25 Fy/Nd = 1.25 x 250 /
2.0 =156.3 MPa, Eq. 3-20
U.R. = ft/Ft + fb/Fb = 657.9 / 125.0 + 2848.8 / 156.3
=23.5, Eq. 3-35
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Combined Normal and Shear Stresses at Connection
between Lug and Main Structural Member
Critical stress: fcr = [(ft + fb)2 + 3 fv2]0.5 = [(657.9 +
2848.8)2 + 3 x 1139.52]0.5 =4023.9 MPa, Eq. 3-37
Allowable critical stress: Fcr = Fy/Nd = 250 / 2.0 =125.0
MPa, Eq. 3-37
U.R. = fcr/Fcr = 4023.9 / 125.0 =32.19
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Assume: load factor: L = 1.5, impact factor: i = 2.5
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Allowable Tensile Strength, CSA S16-09 Cl. 13.2
Pt = u. Fu .(2 t . be) = 0.75 x 350 x (2 x 38.0 x 113.5) x
0.001 =2264.3kN
U.R. = (L. i. P) / Pt = (1.5 x 2.5 x 15000.0) / 2264.3
=24.84
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Allowable Double Plane Shear Strength, CSA S16-09,
Cl. 13.11
Pv = u (0.6) (Fy + Fu)/2 . (2 t. a) = 0.75 x 0.6 x (250 + 350)
/ 2 x (2 x 38.0 x 113.5) x 0.001 =1164.5kN
U.R. = (L. i. P) / Pv = (1.5 x 2.5 x 15000.0) / 1164.5 =48.3
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Allowable bearing Strength, CSA S16-09, Cl. 13.12.1.2
Pp = 3 br. Dp .t . Fu = 3 x 0.8 x 70.0 x 38.0 x 350 x 0.001
=2234.4kN
U.R. = (L. i. P) / Pp = (1.5 x 2.5 x 15000.0) / 2234.4
=25.17
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Ratio for Other Loading Angles (for reference)
=0, U.R. =95.42
=10, U.R. =95.42
=20, U.R. =95.42
=30, U.R. =95.42
=40, U.R. =95.42
=50, U.R. =95.42
=60, U.R. =95.42
=70, U.R. =95.42
=80, U.R. =95.42
=90, U.R. =95.42
