VERY VERY IMP DOCS FOR NBDE/NDEB 2017

([Link])

[Link] cell carcinoma On the face

[Link] response to cellular signal Necrosis

[Link]: what does the vagus innervate below the intestine

Colon (descending colon)?

[Link] climb mount Everest, and the pressure was atmospheric

pressure 250 mmHg, what is the P02? 21% of PO2, so .21 x 250=
50mmHg

[Link] is percentage of post teeth in the max arch?(ask in different

ways) 10/16=62.5%???

[Link] goes btw the sup and middle constrictor? Stylopharyngeous

m.

[Link] Hydrolase

[Link] runs thru the stylomastoid foramen CN7

[Link] is the def enzyme of tay sachs? It is GM2!!!

[Link] branch goes of the ECA goes down to the hyoid? Sup thyroid
artery?

[Link] does the vertebral artery come out from? Foramen

magnum

[Link] C6

[Link] comes out of the ext auditory meatus Cn 7 and 8

[Link] does the straight sinus drain into? Internal jugular vein

[Link] part papillae doesn't have taste bud? Filliform

[Link] nerve provides sensory to the ant 2/3 of the tongue? Lingual
n.

[Link] syndrome Stylohyoid ligament

[Link] of the following only produces mucous Sublingual gland

[Link] question: what was wrong with lady...osteoarthritis ---

20.B12 Megoloblastic anemia

[Link] to the face in the thalamus VPM

[Link] goes btw the palaglossus and palatopharyngeus? Palatine

tonsil

[Link] innervates the the sternohyoid, sternthyroid Ansa

cervacalis (c1-c3)

[Link] forms the face Frontal process and branchial arch 2

[Link] inserts to the corinoid process Temporalis

[Link] retrudes the mandible Post fibers of temporalis

27.A Dr. was delivering inf aveolar nerve block what is affecting
Parotid gland

[Link] does polymyxin act on Cell membrane?

[Link] indicates a positive PPD except? Mycobacterium bovus

[Link] is found in what Water

[Link] is most common vaccine used to vaccine children in us DPT

vaccine=inactivated endotoxin (it is a toxoid)

[Link]: which one is found intracellularly Histoplasmosis

[Link] fungi causes brain infarcts Asperigillus

[Link] of the following is found in diabetics? Mucomycosis

[Link] is transferred from person to person? Dermatophytosis

[Link] B Bc it doesn't have a ERGOSTERO

[Link] Clotrimazole

[Link] is the hammulus a part of Medial ptyregoid

[Link] ovale Located in the posterior sphenoid bone. V3 passes

through
[Link] doesn't carry a branch of v2 Foramen lacerum

[Link] was drillin on soft palate, and starts bleeding Lesser

palatine artery

[Link] imperfecta, what is the genetic defect, mutation

in gene 6 Missense mutation

[Link] fused with roots forming one root and one canal
Germination

[Link] is the name given to a tooth erupting medially to the

central incisors Mesodens

[Link] of owen is equavalent t Line stria of retsiaz

[Link] is cementum and pdl come from Dental sac =follicle

47.A person broke there pelvic bone, what kind of bone is formed?
Woven bone

[Link] type of jt is TMJ Diarthrodal

[Link] kind of jt forms btw teeth and aveolar bone Gomphosis joint

[Link] is made up of what type collagen Type 1

[Link] Type 2

[Link] Type 3

[Link] Type 4

[Link] fibers Type 7

[Link] branches of the abdominal aorta Celiac, IMA, SMA

[Link] inhibits insulin Somatostatin

[Link] organ has a afferent and efferent vessels Kidney

[Link] Parafollicular cells

[Link] breast milk Prolactin

[Link] infundibulum Destroy post pit dec adh and oxytocin

[Link] nerve Intrinsic muscle of the thumb and skin behind the
thumb

[Link] is in Middle mediastinum

63.3 month pregnant Hcg increase and estrogen+ lH decrease

[Link] Type 2- not autoimmune,

[Link] Not involved in blood typing

[Link] and sphingomylins ---

[Link] study, in 10 weeks pregnancy what is not formed Tmj

[Link] is the outer covering of Hep B Glycoprotein

[Link] part of the kidney is using the most ATP PCT

[Link] is the filtration of glucose ZEROOOOO ml (trick

question)BIOCHEMISTRY --

[Link] formed OR METABOLIZED by? Reduction, Oxidation,

Carboxylation, Transamination (ROCT)

[Link] type of reactions do not create pyruvate? Transamination

double check ANYTHING BESIDES ROCT

[Link] structure of a protein is held together by? Hydrogen

bonds

[Link] type of curve does myoglobin have? Hyberbolic

(Hemoglobin= sigmoidal)

[Link] body is having trouble absorbing choline what might

happen? Won't be able to break down fats/lipids (Choline is used in
lecithins which is a component of bile)

[Link] type of mutation gives you the same amino acid? Silent

[Link] acid is used for what? Hydroxylation of proline and

lysine in collagen synthesis (Ascorbic acid= vit C)
[Link] common amino acid in collagen? Glycine is 1/3 (then
proline/hydroxyproline)

[Link] AA's ? Lysine/ Leucine

[Link] and elastin are cross-linked by? Lysine (by the action of
lysyl oxidase) Copper is a cofactor

[Link] is the melting temperature for DNA? 94-98 C

[Link] and glucokinase, what are their functions? know

differences between the two too

[Link]: G-6-P is the most important product

[Link]: has a much lower affinity for glucose than

hexokinase, YET is the only one of the two to work in the liver, esp
after meals Other tissues use hexokinase to do the same thing as
glucokinase

.[Link] inhibits protein synthesis via? 30s ribosomal

subunit

[Link] is carbamoyl phosphate formed? Mitochondria (Ornithine

converted by carbamoyl phosphatase inside the mitochondria of the
liver into... Citruline)

[Link] is an intermediate in the urea cycle and a precursor for

ornithine? Arginine

[Link] does 8M of urea do to DNA? Disrupt hydrophobic bonds

[Link] targets RNA synthesis via? RNA polymerase

[Link] acid synthesis and catabolism synthesis occurs where?

Cytosol of mostly hepatocytes

91.--Conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA is the rate limiting

step

92.--Citrate-malate shuttle transports acetyl groups from

mitochondria to the cytosol
[Link] does ATP cross the inner mitochondrial matric membrane?
Carrier mediated

[Link] do you sterilize heat sensitive products? Ethylene oxide

[Link] cycle gets its nitrogen directly from? Aspartic acid

[Link] for biosynthesis comes from what pathway? Pentose

phosphate pathway

[Link] B6 is a cofactor for? Transamination

[Link] uses biotin as a cofactor? Basicially anything with

"carboxylase"

[Link] the urea cycle where do the nitrogens come from? Ammonia &
Aspartate

[Link] amino acid is used to taste umani? Glutamate

[Link] has two parts: Fc and Fab, which is the variable part? Fab

[Link] does glycolysis occur? Cytosol

[Link] is the rate limiting step of glycolysis? PFK-1

(phosphofructokinase)

[Link] vs Non competitive inhibition: Competitive=

Increase Km, Vmax stays the same, Non-competitive= Km stays the
same, Vmax decreases

[Link] dehydrogenase is used to make what? Alpha

ketogluterate in TCA (on so many exams!)

[Link] do not need which of the following for cholesterol

synthesis? Oxygen

[Link] is the rate limiting step of cholesterol synth? HMG-CoA

reductase

[Link] does the glycerol come from for FA synthesis?

Glucose/pyruvate

[Link] hormones stain acidic? Growth hormone and prolactin

[Link] cycle NADH locations? Malate, isocitrate, alpha-
ketoglutarate ("MIA")

[Link] and glucagon effect? A. Gluconeogenesis B.

Glycogenolysis Glycogenolysis

[Link] is the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis? Glycogen

phosphorylase

[Link] binds to glucose-1-phosphate in? Glycogenesis (Glucose-1-

phosphate UDP glucose glycogen)

[Link] structure made possible by which amino acid? Cysteine

(*check)

[Link], covalent bonds between thiol (- SH) group of two

cysteine residuesthat stabilizes structure of proteins and prevent
denaturation.

[Link] catalyzes the reaction from fumarate to malate in TCA?

Fumarase

[Link] does cAMP do for glycogen breakdown? cAMP binds and

releases active form of pKa which activates glycogen
phosphorylase

.[Link] is glycogen made and broken down? Liver and muscle

[Link] does antigen bind on antibody? Variable light and variable

heavy

[Link] transfers bacteria in a single step? Transduction

[Link] is the final electron acceptor? Oxygen

[Link] amino acids are branched? Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine

[Link] make purines and pyrimidines de novo what is needed?

Inosine phosphateMICROBIOLOGY --

[Link] bacteria have capsules? Mycoplasm Tuberculosis (Some

Killers have Pretty Nice Capsules)
[Link] candida overgrowth? Antibacterial (Long term antibiotics
can cause overgrowth of yeast of

[Link] Can use "nystatin" to treat candida, give orally)

[Link] do yeasts reproduce? Conjugation (budding wasn't an

option)

[Link] is specific for bacteria? Penicillin

[Link] amino acid is in bacterial cell walls? D-alanine

[Link] fungi infects the lungs to look like TB? Histoplasma

capsulatum (found in macrophages)

[Link] fungi are associated with avian (bird) origin? Histoplasma

capsulatum

[Link] medium is fungi grown on? Sabouraud agar (It is a

selective medium that is formulated to allow growth of fungi and
inhibit the growth of bacteria)

[Link] disease causes mild fever and nausea and sore throat in
24 hours? Influenza

[Link] are chlamydia intracellular obligates? It cannot make ATP

so it must be in a host

[Link] does Rickettsia cause? Typhus (or rocky mountain spotted

fever)--Characteristic lesions on Palms; Several questions: arthropod
vector, insect bite, causes typhus, affects endothelial cells

[Link] oncovirus virus that causes cancer= Human papillomaa

virus (HPV)

[Link] is used with other medications to treat? Tuberculosis

(TB)--Can also be used to treat some people who have Neisseria
meningitides; Rifampin acts to= inhibit transcription aka RNA
synthesis

[Link] does Strep Mutans genes regulate activity? Transcription

[Link] do sulfa drugs work? They block DNA synthesis--Sulfa
drugs act as competitive inhibitors to the enzyme DHFA

[Link] needs to be inside the cell because? It does not have

its own energy source, it has DNA dependent RNA polymerase

[Link] is the most common cause of eye infections? Chlamydia

trachomatis

[Link] fungus most likely causes meningitis? Cryptococcus

[Link] is the mutation in amelogenesis imperfect? Missense

(gene for type collagen; COL1A1)

[Link] does a silent mutation occur? In non-coding regions

[Link] is the best medium to grow fungi from? Sabourards

[Link] herpes infections have what phase? Latent phase

[Link] zoster and EBV= Herpes

[Link] would you see changes of cell degeneration? Nucleus

[Link] for Q fever? Coxiella burnetii

[Link] (NAG-NAM) is made by D-glutamate and? D-

alanine

[Link] do bacteria transfer the most DNA? Conjugation with sex

pili

[Link] antibody to show up on the scene? IgM

[Link] mutation in odontogenesis imperfecta? Missense

[Link] infection, cause lumps near thyrocervical trunk?

Sulfur granules

[Link] like IL-1 can cause? Bone resorption (also fever)

[Link] mode of transmission? Arthropod vectors

[Link] stage of infection of a patient's infection is the

dentist/staff most likely to be infected?
[Link] stage (this is the stage when the patient is virally or
bacterially shedding, while appearing asymptomatic)

[Link] does AZT work against HIV? Inhibits reverse transcriptase

Zidovudine (AZT)A thymidine analog, is a competitive inhibitor of
the HIV reverse transcriptase. The wild-type reverse transcriptase
seems to have a high affinity for AZT and other base analogs.

[Link] part of a virus allows us to create a vaccine? Viral

proteins

[Link] is a result of? Syphillis infection

[Link]= Treponema pallidum, spirochete, gram (-), motile

[Link] and Mumps are part of? Paramyxovirus

[Link] is NOT an organelle? Lipid body

[Link] acid= Reason for acid fast stain

[Link] cause of infective endocarditis? Staph aureus OR

ALPHA hemolytic

[Link] that cause subacute endocarditis= GAMMA-hemolytic

S. viridans

[Link]'s diarrhea= [Link]

[Link] fungus causes athletes foot (tinea pedis)? Tricophyton

[Link] bacteria is NOT in plaque? B. pertussis

[Link] fungus has the pseudocapsule? Candida

[Link] target? Parasites

[Link] is the most variable phase in the cell cycle G1

[Link] is= condensed

[Link] disease has only one mutation? Sickle cell anemia

[Link] have a dead guy, what is the best for forensics? Southern
blot
[Link] complement component activates the alternative
pathway? C3

[Link] is CD4/CD8 located on cell? On the outside of the

membrane

[Link] inhibit? Cyclooxygenase (Cox-1= for pain; Cox-2= for

inflammation)

[Link] agglutination occurs with Type B blood will it occur with type
AB too? No, because AB is the universal receiver

[Link]= surround the axon, myelin sheath Synthesis-

enzymatic transfer of a

[Link] from phosphatidylcholine to a ceramide; First

committed step of synthesis= condensation of L-syrine and
palmitoyl-COA (occurs at ER)

[Link]= play major role in signal transmission and cell

recognition

[Link] do cytotoxic T-cells bind to? MHC Class I (Helper T cells

(CD4) bind to MHC Class II; Cytotoxic

185.T cells (CD8) bind to MHC Class I)

[Link] recommended taking this vaccine in the U.S.= TDAP

[Link] abundant organism in colon and feces? **? Bacteroides,

anaerobic gram-positive cocci, such as Peptostreptococcus sp.,
Eubacterium sp., Lactobacillussp., and Clostridium sp

.[Link] to TB tests may be because of? M. tuberculosis

[Link] B= antifungal drug that targets ergosterol (Used

to treat THRUSH and cryptococcal meningitis)

[Link] difficile= pseudomembranous colitis

191.TH1 helper cells secrete what? IL-2 & TNF-Beta (TH1= immunity
against bacteria and protozoa, Main partner is MacrophageThink
IL-2, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta; TH2= immunity against parasites, Main
partner is B-cellThink IL-4,5,6,13)

[Link] has gonorrhea, what is the risk to the baby? Ophthalmic

neonatorum

[Link] can be seen with? Dark field microscopy

[Link] do you NOT need for translation? A. 50 and 30s ribosome

B. tRNA C. rRNA D. deoxytrinucleotide DEOXYTRINUCLEOTIDE

[Link] cytokines are found in osteoclastic bone? IL-1 alpha, IL-1

beta

[Link] is a cause of food poisoning, produced by staph gram +?

Enterotoxin b

[Link] hepatitis? Hep C

[Link] is the reason the Influenza virus doesn't have a vaccine?

Antigenic drift

[Link] of the following will lead to congenital defects? Herpes

simplex

[Link] secrets IgG? Plasma B cells

[Link] kills what? M tuberculosis

[Link] is the difference between viruses and bacteria? Viruses

are not able to replicate outside of host

[Link] have a 0.05% solution of NaF. What is that in ppm?

500ANATOMY/HISTOLOGY --

[Link] hepatic artery gives off? Right gastric artery (Celiac a.

Left Gastric artery; Common hepatic a. Right gastric artery)

[Link] happens with high extracellular potassium? Excreted in

kidneys
[Link] that innervates the maxillary 2nd premolar? Middle
superior alveolar n. (MSA n. innervates= maxillary PM's and MB root
of 1st max molar. )

[Link] nerve fiber type sends dull burning pain in a patient for 2
years? C-fiber

[Link] cervical nerve segment innervates the middle finger?

Dermatome C7

[Link] is calcium not needed for? A. ATP production B. Muscle

contraction [Link] release D. Hormone release ATP PRODUCTION

[Link] ligament gets taut in full mouth opening causing the

condyles to move forward? Stylomandibular ligament

[Link] is TMJ cartilage embryologically? A. Meckel's B. Primary

C. Secondary SECONDARY

[Link] goes through the incisive foramen? Nasopalatine n. and a

.[Link] what stage is embryo at implantation? Blastocyst

[Link] is made from the cartilage of the 1st branchial arch?

Mandible

[Link] deep facial vein drains directly into? The facial vein (The
facial vein drains into= IJV)

[Link] sigmoid sinus drains into the? Internal jugular vein

217.10 year old TMJ has? Dense fibrous CT

[Link] is the difference between the lamina propria and

submucosa? Lamina proproa is mostly loose

[Link] whereas submucosa is dense irregular CT (Muscualris

mucosa, Lamina propria has less regular CT, Less spiciales CT)

[Link] internal elastic lamina is located where? Between vessel

and intima (located outside of intima between intima and tunica
media in blood vessels)
[Link] is not present in an orthokeratinized layer? Stratum
lucidium (listed all the other stratums)

[Link] is the composition of a bone salt? Calcium hydroxyapatite

[Link] forms the anterior 2/3rds of the palate? Palatine

processes of maxilla (Posterior 1/3rd formed from the horizontal
plates of palatine bones)

[Link] bone is the pterygoid plate a part of? Sphenoid bone

[Link] innervates the branchial muscles? Nucleus Ambiguous

(Vagus n. for swallowing)

[Link] bodies for the parotid gland? Otic ganglion

[Link] is the most distal aspect of the brachial plexus? A. Cords

B. Divisions C. Branches BRANCHES

[Link] has pain in the right middle finger taking off her ring,
which innervation? C7

[Link] innervates the erector spinae muscles? Dorsal (posterior)

rami of spinal n

.[Link] is most likely to cause a brain infarction? Stroke

[Link] organ is closest to the right kidney? A. Small intestines

(duodenum) B. Colon C. Pancreas D. Spleen SMALL INTESTINES

[Link] parasympathetic nerve runs through the foramen

lacerum? Greater Petrosal

[Link] makes up the superior orbital fissure? Greater + lesser

wing of the sphenoid

[Link] temporal vein + maxillary vein? Retromandibular

vein

[Link] main artery supplies the nose? Nasopalatine (aka

Sphenopalatine a.)
[Link] part of the maxillary artery is in the infratemporal fossa?
1st part (Mandibular branch)

[Link] is the main artery in the pterygopalatine fossa? Maxillary

artery

[Link] nerve block do you use if you're only working on the

mandibular incisors? Mental nerve

[Link] a part of the circle of willis? Basilar

[Link] one of the thalamic nucleus receives pain and

temperature from the face? VPM (VPM= ventral postomedial, VPL is
from the body, "M= mouth, L=leg")

[Link] the parts of the adrenal gland: Zona Glomerulosa

mineralcorticoids like aldosterone, Zona Fasciculata
glucocorticoids like cortisol, Zona Reticularisandrogens, Adrenal
Medullacatecholamines

[Link] foramen ovale is damaged, what does this cause? Loss of

general sensation to anterior 2/3 rds of tongue (b/c V3 is damaged,
do not lose taste!! - Would lose taste if stylomastoid foramen was
damaged causing damage to chorda tympani)

[Link] numerous tastebud? Filiform

[Link] are the most numerous but have NO actual taste buds!

[Link] most keratinized

[Link] does the submandibular gland empty into? Sublingual

caruncle (papilla)

[Link] are the borders of the carotid triangle? Superior omohyoid,

SCM, posterior diagastric

[Link] of the following is a content of the carotid sheath? Vagus

n.
[Link] of the submandibular triangle? DIagastric, inferior border
of the mandible, post and ant diagastric

[Link] muscle is supplied by the same nerve as the mylohyoid

m.? Anterior belly of the diagastric (talking about V3)

[Link] structure creates an impression on the right lung? Arch of

azygous vein

[Link] first, second, and third thoracic ribs drain into? Azygous v

.[Link] muscle adducts the scapula? Rhomboids

[Link] drains the tip of the tongue? Submental lymph nodes

[Link] gland does not contain intercalated ducts? Sublingual

(Striated ducts= salivary glands,

[Link] ducts have simple cuboidal epithelium,

Submandibular and parotid have both striated and intercalated, The
pancreas only has intercalated ducts)

[Link] in the striated duct are due to? Mitochondria

[Link] did the thyroid gland originate? Foramen Cecum on the

tongue

[Link] develops from Rathke's pouch? Adenohypophysis (ie.

Anterior Pituitary) | Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the
developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane.
Derived from the ectoderm.

[Link] blood vessel supplies left and right atria? Right coronary=
R. Atrium // Left circumflex= L. atrium

[Link] connects the portions of the small intestines to the

abdominal wall? Mesentery a.

[Link] part of the stomach is the substance that promotes

absorption of B12 released from? Fundic portion (Parietal cells -
intrinsic factor)
[Link] do the enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine
promote? Pancreatic and gallbladder activity

[Link] supplies myelin in the CNS? Oligodendrocytes

[Link] is the difference between the portal vein and regular

veins? Portal veins connect two sets of capillary beds without going
thru the heart

[Link] do osteoclast come from? Monocytes/macrophage

lineage

[Link] is the difference between juxtamedullary nephrons and

cortical nephrons? The length of the thin portion of henle (Cortical
is shorter, Juxta nephrons have longer loop of henle to create
hyperosmolar gradient, to create concentrated urine)

[Link] type of collagen that predominates in the PDL and not in

bone or dentin? Type 3 (PDL has type 1 and type 3, but type 3 is not
in bone or dentin)

[Link] comes from the dental papilla? Pulp tissue and dentin
(Dental papilla = "DP" = dentin and pulp)

[Link] comes from the dental follicle? Cementum, alveolar bone

and PDL

[Link] embryonically what the philtrum, the lips, and the palate
are made from? Philtrum: frontal nasal processes & 2 medial nasal
processes, Upper lip: Maxillary processes & Medial nasal processes,
Primary palate (anterior): 2 medial nasal processes, Secondary
palate (posterior): 2 maxillary processes or the lateral palatine
processes

[Link]'s question. Superior cervical ganglia

[Link] and sternothyroid innervated by what? Ansa

cervicalis
[Link] innervates the shoulder area? C3-C4

[Link] Arteriosus makes what? Ligamentum arteriosum

[Link] posterior horizontal temporalis fibers do what? Retract the

mandible | Anterior fibers= elevate the mandible (close)

[Link] you feel pain in the retrodiscal space of the TMJ?

Auriculotemporal n

.[Link] lies between medial pterygoid & hyoglossus? Lingual n.,

Hyoglossus n., and submandibular duct

[Link] cervical ganglion does sympathetic ganglionic so...

Thoraco-lumbar | Parasympathetic = Cranio-sacral

[Link] medulla origin? Neural crest

[Link] medulla is most similar to which in origin and function?

A. Post Sympathetic B. Pre

[Link] Post Sympathetic

[Link] is a feature of skeletal muscle? Multinucleated cells

[Link] is sperm stored? Epididymis

[Link] cells produce testosterone? Leydig cells

[Link] is not in seminiferous tubules? A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli

C. Spermatogonia [Link] LEYDIG CELLS (found adjacent to
seminiferous tubules in the testicles)

[Link] is NOT a part of the thoracic cage? Clavicle

[Link] tonsil has respiratory epithelium? Pharyngeal tonsil |

Tubal tonsil= ciliated pseudo stratified, Palatine tonsil= non kerat.
Stratified squamous, Lingual tonsil= non kerat. Stratified squamous

[Link] is the epithelium of sweat glands? Stratified cuboida

[Link] jugular vein, what lymph nodes go along with it?

Superficial cervical lymph nodes
[Link] upper half of the external jugular vein also runs with the..?
great auricular n

[Link] trunk a. main branches include? Left gastric a, common

hepatic a, and splenic a

.[Link] do the buccinators, platysma, stapedius and stylohyoid

originate from? Branchial arch 2 (all muscles of facial expression)

[Link] are the most similar in organic material? Cementum and

bone

[Link] surface of tongue has what kind of epithelium? Non-

keratinized, thin stratified squamous

[Link] is the tounge innervated by? Motor=CNXII, Sensation=

CNV3, IX, X, Taste=CN VII, IX, X

[Link] median lip is innervated by? Superior Labial n

.[Link] study. You do an ejection into the maxillary molar and the
patient comes in the next day with a hematoma, what could you
have hit? Pterygoid plexus

[Link] hematoma in= temporal area | Overlying dura, damage

to Middle Meningeal a.

[Link] hard palate is innervated by? Greater palatine n.

[Link] part of the lateral pterygoid muscle protrudes the

mandible? Inferior

[Link] superior head of the lateral pterygoid... stabilizes the

articular disk during clenching (power stroke)

[Link] is perceived by? Hydrodynamic effects

[Link] muscle is used for circumduction of arm? Deltoid

[Link] does organogenesis occur? Embryonic weeks 3-8

[Link] ligament attached to the liver was what in the fetus?

Ductus venosus
[Link] innervates the biceps brachii m.? Musculocutaneous n.

[Link] of Triceps= Radial n.

[Link] artery does the superior thyroid branch off of? External
carotid a.

[Link] triangle does the facial artery go thru? Submandibular

[Link] artery is a landmark for what? Left recurrent

laryngeal (aka left inferior laryngeal n.)

[Link] is the only muscle to abduct (contract) the larynx (vocal

fold)? Posterior cricoarytenoid m. | [Link] larynx= Lateral
cricoarytenoid & Transverse arytenoid mm., Relaxs/shortens vocal
folds= Thyroarytenoid

[Link] gland in the mouth is pure mucous? Palatine gland | Pure

serous= Von ebner's in the tongue and parotid,
Parasympathetic=serous, sympathetics=mucous,
Para=Parotid=serous

[Link] supplies the SA node? Right coronary a.

[Link] is the primary sensory relay station of the brain?

Thalamus

[Link] thumb muscles are innervated by? Median n. | Abductor

pollicis brevis= abducts the thumb, Flexor pollicis brevis= flex the
thumb, Opponens pollicis= opposes the thumb

[Link] cerebral artery supplies blood to which lobes? Frontal

and parieta

[Link] supplies innervation to? A. Transverse colon B. Sigmoid

colon TRANSVERSE COLON

[Link] from the left face and teeth are interpreted in? Right
parietal lobe
[Link] infundibulum? Decrease ADH | Posterior pituitary effected--
The hormones of the posterior pituitary (ADH and oxytocin) are
synthesized in neuroendocrine cells located within the supraoptic
and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. The synthesized
hormones are packaged in granules that are transported down the
axon of the cell and stored in nerve terminals located in the
neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

.[Link]. 10 year boy was found dead with a broken jaw deviating
to the right, had bruising on the side of his face and was bite by a
rattle snake on the lateral side of his forearm. Right lateral
pterygoid affected from broken jaw; radial n. from snake bite

[Link] optimal muscle to close the mouth is? Masseter

[Link] is the pterygomandibular raphe extended from?

Pterygoid hamulus to the lingual side of the mandible (mylohyoid
line)

[Link] is the medial wall of the axillary triangle? Serratus

anterior

[Link] does the thoracic duct lie? Posterior mediastinum

[Link] you have a premolar has a bad infection what lymph node
would it spread to? Submandibular then deep cervical

[Link] parathyroid glands come from? 3rd brachial POUCH

[Link] parathyroid come from 4th brachial POUCH Superior

parathyroid gland, Ultimobranchial body (Gives rise to thyroid
parafollicular/C-cells, Calcitonin)

[Link] supplies the cricothyroid? External branch of superior

laryngeal

[Link] branches of the external carotid artery? Maxillary and

superficial temporal a.
[Link] is deep to the hyoglossus? Lingual a.

[Link] causes gag reflex? Glossopharyngeal afferent, Vagus

efferent

[Link] runs with glossopharyngeal n.? Stylopharyngeal mm.

[Link] pierces thyrohyoid membrane? Internal superior laryngeal

n. and a.

[Link] to larynx? Recurrent laryngeal n.(aka Inferior

laryngeal)

[Link] veins are found in? Calvarium (Drain the diploe of the
skull into dural sinuses.)

[Link] to TMJ? Auricotemporal n. and mesenteric branch of

V3

[Link] sinus= baroreceptor

[Link] and external jugular veins are separated by?

Sternocleidomastoid

[Link] older patient is more likely to have a pulp with? More

collagen

[Link] does the TMJ ligament attach to? Zygomatic arch (to neck
of mandible)

[Link] muscle attaches to (inserts at)? Coronoid process

[Link] with preganglionic parasympathetic fibers? Foramen

ovale

[Link] is the function of the foramen ovale in an embryo? Shunts

blood from RALA

[Link] motor innervation to the muscles of mastication exit which

foramen? Foramen Ovale (muscles of mastication=V3)

[Link] are cell bodies for preganglionic for sympathetic nerves?

spinal cord T1-L3*
[Link] between gemination & fusion: Gemination= share a
single root and root canal (development of 2 crowns from 1 tooth
bud); Fusion= same dentin (fusion of 2 unique tooth buds)

[Link] deviates to a certain side, which nerve is damaged?

CN12 same side

[Link] is the most abundant protein in enamel? Ameloogenins

[Link] is the most mineralized/hardest dentin? Peritubuler or

intratubular

[Link] lymphatic organ has both afferent and efferent vessels?

A. Thymus B. Spleen (no afferent) C. [Link] node LYMPH NODE
(many afferent, few efferent)

[Link] is the efferent n. to the epiglottis? Superior laryngeal

branch of the vagus n. (CN 10)

[Link] limb to upper epiglottis= glossopharyngeal n. (CN 9)

[Link] limb to the lower epiglottis= sup. Laryngeal branch of

vagus n.

[Link] protrudes the hyoid? A. Suprahyoids [Link] C.

Geniohyoid D. Stylohyoid SUPRAHYOIDS

[Link] of the following muscles is NOT an infrahyoid muscle?

Geniohyoid

[Link] to the TMJ? Superficial temporal artery (branch of

maxillary artery)

[Link] 1 function post gang= smooth muscle contraction

[Link] 2 function pre gang= inhibition of transmitter release

[Link] organ has fenestrated capillaries? Pancreas

[Link] soft palate muscle is not affected by a laceration of the

mucosa 1 cm lingual to the 2nd max molar? A. Tensor veli palatine B.
Palato-glossal C. Palato pharyngeal D. Levator veli palatani LEVATOR
VELI PALATINI

[Link] nerve lies between palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus?

CN9

[Link] nerve leaving the stylomastoid foramen was damaged?

Facial n. (CN 7)

[Link] got shot in the back of his head and it came thru his
forehead, which bones were least likely damaged? Maxilla &
temporal

[Link] duct lies in? Posterior mediastinum (between the

descending thoracic aorta [to its left] and the azygos vein [to its
right])

[Link] lies in? Middle mediastinum

[Link] laryngeal prominence (adams apple) is the= thyroid

cartilage

[Link] you cut below the cricoid cartilage you could injury? Inferior
laryngeal (which supplies the voice box mm. except the cricothyroid
m. = superior laryngeal n.)

[Link] of the following leaves the thoracic cavity at T12?

Descending abdominal aorta (T10= esophageal hiatus, T8= where
the inferior vena cava goes thru the diaphragm

[Link] of maxillary sinus? Ciliated columnar

[Link] asked all of the following are stratified squamous

except= Maxillary sinus

[Link] pterygomaxillary fissure is made up of? Sphenoid and

maxilla

[Link] medial wall of the infratemporal fossa? Pterygomaxillary

fissure
[Link] nose develops from? The medial and lateral nasal
processes

[Link] does indirect (deep) inguinal hernia occur? Deep inguinal

ring

[Link] does the nerve that provides secretion of the soft palate
come out of the skull? Foramen Rotundum (V2)

[Link] contains the superior and inferior sagittal sinus? Falx

cerebri

[Link] is the falx cerebri a fold of? Dura mater

[Link] from the PDL = mesencephalic nucleus

[Link]= mesencephalon

[Link] do sensory fibers from face traveling from thalamus to

the brain cortex travel thru? Internal capsule

[Link] is the embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary?

FOREBRAIN [Link].=>PROSENCEPHALON=>DIENCEPHALON
Posterior pituitary= diencephalon - neurohypophysis, down growth,
Anterior pituitary= adenohyphosis, rathkes pouch

[Link] causes you to spring your mouth back open when you bite
on popcorn? Mechanoreceptors on PDL

[Link] structure is between condyle and mandibular fossa? Disc

[Link] lacunae contains? Osteoclasts

[Link] is the most prevalent PDL fiber? Oblique

[Link] dental lamine is surrounded and stimulated by?

Ectomesenchymal growth

[Link] is the reticular layer (of dermis) composed of? Dense

irregular connective tissue

[Link] gland produces most saliva? Submandibular gland

[Link] cutting through underneath the tongue to get to the
sublingual gland what do you cut thru? Mucous membrane ONLY

[Link] muscles move the radio-ulnar joint? Pronator teres,

pronator quadratus (both do pronation) & Biceps brachii (supination)

[Link] is an extension of what? Medial pterygoid plate

[Link] from tooth pulp? NE (other choices: Ach, P

substance, GABA)

[Link] ligaments prevent excessive opening during yawning?

Accessory ligaments (stylomandibular & sphenomandibular)

[Link] does the sphenomandibular ligament insert? Lingula

[Link] palate behind 2nd maxillary molar, what nerve is affected?

Greater palatine n

.[Link] membrane produced by the ameloblast, covers the

tooth once it has erupted

.[Link] to the esophagus? CN X

[Link] lateral pterygoid function? Protruding & Opening

[Link] muscles make the mandibular sling? Masseter and

medial pterygoid (M&M)

[Link] is the radial nerve least protected? Mid-humeral shaft

(this is where the most injuries are)

[Link] of the following arelined by stratified squamous epithelium

except: Maxillary sinus (ciliated pseudostraitified columnar)

[Link] wraps around the hamulus? Tensor veli palatine

[Link] of the following is not in the thoracic cage? Clavicle

[Link] do you find in canaliculi? Radiating processes/projections

of osteocytes & VASCULAR TUNNELS

[Link] buccal n. runs? Between heads of lateral pterygoid

[Link] artery passes thru? Foramen magnum

[Link] are affected in Lines of Owen? Odontoblasts Intercept the

DEJ & meet an accompanying Striats of Retzius (enamel)

[Link] changes in color of dentin ...

[Link] of motion? Limits the movement of the mandible by

anatomic position

[Link] will be in equilibrium at? Postural position

[Link] is hyaline cartilage not found? A. Nose B. Trachea C.

Larynx = elastic cartilage D. Bronchus LARYNX

[Link] closing mouth into MIC which one is responsible for

stabilizing the articular disc during this? Superior head of inferior
pterygoid

[Link] lining the pharynx is? Voluntary and striated

[Link] patient has an infection of their cavernous sinus, what is

not infected? Optic nerve CN2DENTAL ANATOMY ---

[Link] many roots and canals in a maxillary 1st PM? 2 roots, 2

canals

[Link] many roots and cusps in a PRIMARY mandibular 1st molar?

2 roots, 3 cusps (2 B,1L)

[Link] with the mesial crown cavity? Maxillary 1st PreMolar

[Link] can you see from the maxillary 1st premolar that you
cannot see on the maxillary 2nd premolar from the lingual? Lingual
cusp appears shorter than the facial cusp

.[Link] root of what tooth is most likely in the maxillary sinus?

Maxillary 1st Molar (Palatal root)

[Link] are the guiding cusps (ie. Non-functional cusps)? Max=

buccal // Mand= lingual | B.U.L.L buccal upper lower lingual

[Link] is the primary protein secreted by odontoblasts? Collagen

[Link] is NOT found in the pulp? A. Osteoblasts B. Odontoblasts
C. Cementoblasts D. Fibroblasts CEMENTOBLASTS- these are found
in the PDL

[Link] is the shape of the maxillary canine from contact to

cervical line? Convex

[Link] STILL PRESENT...cause? Anterior open bite

[Link] describes bone and tooth fusion? Ankylosis

[Link] study. What would be the radiolucency above the first

maxillary molar? Maxillary sinus

[Link] of mandibular canine in maxillary intercuspation

contacts what teeth? Max lateral and canine

[Link] is the most anterior point in Posset's envelope of motion?

Protrusion

[Link] most inferior point in Posset's envelope of motion?

Maximum opening

[Link] teeth compared to permanent teeth are? Bulbous and

constricted at cervix

[Link] cycle of a primary tooth? Eruption, absorption, exfoliation

[Link] extracting a maxillary tooth, which is the most likely to

breach the maxillary sinus? Palatal root of max 1st molar -or- MB
root of max 2nd mola

[Link] extracting a tooth, due to its root shape, what is the

easiest tooth to rotate? Maxillary central

[Link] protein secreted by ameloblasts? Amelogenin / enamelin

[Link] to numb the mandibular lateral incisor? Mental n.

[Link] mandibular 1st molar has? 4 cusps, 2 roots MB= largest

// ML= sharpest // DB,DL= smallest
[Link] extraction - which tooth most likelt to involve the
antrum? Max 1st Molar (antrum= max sinus)

[Link] between two teeth is called? Diastema

[Link] mesio-distal dimension? Mandibular central

[Link] primary tooth has an oblique ridge? Maxillary 2nd molar

[Link] tooth has the largest facial lingual dimension of the

anteriors? Maxillary canine

[Link] has: Mesial cuspal incline shorter than distal

[Link] between two centrals? Mesiodens

[Link] is a likely reason for a primary tooth not to exfoliate? The

successor is missing

[Link] are the two obtuse angles on a maxillary 1st molar?

Mesiolingual and Distalbuccal

[Link] s the first succedaneous premolar to erupt? Mandibular

1st PM

[Link] class II occlusion during a protrusive movement which tooth

or teeth does the mandibular canine occlude with? Canine and 1st
premolar

[Link] curve of spee for mandibular teeth= concave

[Link] of spee for maxillary teeth= convex

[Link] is gomphosis? Joint that binds the tooth to the tooth

socket

[Link] a lingual cusp of mandibular second molar, which

movement is most likely to cause interference? Mediotrusive

[Link]= peritubular dentin

[Link] at a radiograph, what is the radiolucency between the

maxillary centrals? Intermaxillary suture
[Link] teeth have root concavities at the CEJ, making root
planning difficult? Maxilalry 1st Molar (Max 1st PM wasn't an answer
choice)

[Link] maxillary 2nd molar resembles which permanent tooth?

Permanent 1st maxillary molar

[Link] many posterior teeth are succedaneous? 8 (all premolars)

[Link] does NOT cause flattening of posterior tooth cusps? Deep

overbitePATHOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY ---[Link] type of cancer is
associated with obesity? Endometrium (uterus/ovaries) | Also:
Esophagus, [Link], Colon, Breast, Kidney, Thyroid, &
Gallbladder

[Link] happens after liquefactive necrosis of the brain?

Something pertaining to clear fluid

[Link] does basal cell carcinoma most affect? Either upper face
or hands

[Link] volume of air is left in the lungs after you forcefully

exhale? Residual volume

[Link] reason for lumps on breast? Fibrocystic disease

[Link] a cell membrane potential is slowly reaching 0mV what can

be the reason? The Na/K ATP pump stopped working

[Link] increase in CO2 can cause what? Decrease in PPO2

[Link] measure GFR use? Inulni or creatinine phosphate

[Link] measure renal plasma flow use? PAH

[Link]- Vinson syndrome? Iron deficiency anemia with

atrophic glossitis & dysphagia (inflam. of the tongue) | Occurs
mostly in postmenopausal women

[Link] to measure basal metabolic requirements? Respiratory

quotient
[Link] acidosis is seen with a rise in what other ion? K+

[Link] metabolic acidosis? Increased H+, decreased

HCO3- (by inability to produce bicarbonate or excrete acids)

[Link] can affect renal GFR? Histamine (increases GFR) or

Adenosine (decreases GFR)

[Link] gravis? Thyoma (cancer of thymus) | MG blocks =

post membrane receptors!, Inhibits ACh receptors at the post
synaptic membrane hence the "muscle weakness"

[Link] type of cancer can metastasize to bone? Breast, lung or

prostate (prostate= most often)

[Link] cancer is the least likely to metastasize? Papillary

thyroid carcinoma

[Link] osteoporosis which treatment do you NOT use? Cortisone

(b/c cortisone causes osteoporosis)

[Link] bed velocity is inversely related to? Branching

[Link] does a red infarct occur? Lungs (or other "loose organs")

[Link] movement in the colon is caused by food entering? A.

Stomach B. Colon C. Mouth STOMACH

[Link] varices most likely to cause? Hematemeisis (blood

in vomit)

[Link] has elevated level of PSA and acid phosphatase?

Carcinoma of prostate

[Link]= LV hypertrophy

[Link] has a periapical lesion with a border of epithelium? Cyst

[Link] has fever, weakness, weight loss, something with gums,

and high levels of WBCs especially lymphocytes? CLL Chronic
lymphoid leukemia)

[Link] is most likely to lead to GI cancer? Villous adenoma

[Link] has acidosis, what else will he have? Hyperkalemia

[Link] is not absorbed in the jejunum? Bile

[Link]. Depressed female is taking antidepressant medication,

lots of other things wrong with her, ask what causes pain in her
mouth? Burning mouth syndrome

[Link]'s syndrome? Familial colorectal polyposis

[Link]. Patient presents with xerostomia (dry mouth),

Keratoconjunctivitis (dry eyes), & presence of other autoimmune
disorders, what do they most likely have? Sjogrens syndrome

[Link] a lot of water will.. Decrease levels of ADH

[Link] liver disease cause by? Alcoholism

[Link] Beri is a deficiency in what enzyme? Vit B1/ thiamine

[Link] D is activated where? Kidney

[Link] Gravis? Autoimmune attack of Ach receptors

peripherally

[Link]'s disease? Cotton wool appearance

[Link] is healing, secondary would healing process, after 3

days what would you expect to see? Ulceration

502.A patient is on a mixture of 90% nitrous- 10% oxide anesthetic,

what can they suffer from?

[Link] acidosis (from decreased respiration = hoarding of

CO2 gas in their body)

[Link] carcinoma= Wall or epithelium of bronchial tree

[Link] there is pus which cell do you see? Neutrophils | Ie. If there is
an abscess you will see= neutrophilsKoplic spots= rubeola
(measles)
[Link] Sach's disease is a lipid storage disease due to the
deficiency of: GM2 gangliosidosis (or deficiency in beta-
hexosaminidase)

[Link]-stenberg cells= Hodgkins lymphoma (slowly progressive in

order of lymph drainage)

508.15 year old with high blood glucose= Type I diabetes (body
cannot make insulin)

[Link] main benefits= inhibits cox2

[Link] is secretin release? Duodenum

[Link] is made where? Supraoptic of hypothalamus

[Link] would not contribute to kidney stones? Diabetes

Insipidus | Kidney stone could be caused by diabetes mellitus

[Link] man has difficulty urinating, what is most likely the cause?
Benign prostatic

[Link] K+ to the extracellular environment near a free nerve

ending with a resting potential of -70mV, what does that do the
potential? Slightly more depolarized

[Link]'s common between parkinson's and alzheimers? Loss of

cognitive function

[Link] STUDY on bone fracture and healing process: About a boy

- year after his knee fracture (what stage is bone at now?)
reparative

[Link] STUDY on bone fracture and healing process: About a lady

- 5 years after hip fracture (what stage is bone at now?) remodeling

[Link] mechanism in sarcomere= ATP binds to myosin head

[Link] cells are not in chronic inflammation? Neutrophils (they

are in initial inflammation)

[Link] K is for? Prothrombin

[Link]= noncaeasous granuloma

[Link]-depressant causes: xerostomia

[Link] common cause of renal failure? Diabetes (2nd most

common= hypertension) | If you get renal failure you will most likely
get hyperparathyroidism ; kidney cannot convert vitamin D into its
active form

[Link] causes? Kidney stones

[Link] pulse is a direct reflex of? A. Peripheral blood flow B.

Capillary blood flow C. Right ventricular pulse pressure D. Left
ventricular pulse pressure RIGHT VENTRICULAR PULSE PRESSURE

[Link] rumatica? Condition of pain in many muscles

[Link] STUDY: Patient is getting engaged wit a pigmented lesion

on his nose What is the type of skin cancer? Malignant melanoma

[Link] STUDY: Patient is getting engaged wit a pigmented lesion

on his nose. He also has a lump medial to the right body of the
mandible extraorally: Submandibular lymph node

[Link] muscle does not make up the triangle that contains the
swelling? Sternocleidomastoid m. (The submandibular lymph nodes
are in the submandibular triangle)

[Link] STUDY: Fat kid in high school was advised by counselor to

get blood glucose checked. Results came back as 11% glycosylated
hemoglobin. What is his diagnosis? Diabetes type II (Normal is 4-
5.9%, anything above 7% is considered diabetic)

[Link] STUDY: Fat kid in high school was advised by counselor to

get blood glucose checked. Results came back as 11% glycosylated
hemoglobin. What are the cells that control his blood glucose? Beta
Note: Diabetes type II does not destroy beta cells
[Link] a salivary gland, what ejects IgA? Serous demilunes Note:
IgA comes from salivary glands !!

[Link] does lengthening of a bone take place? Epiphyseal plate

[Link] is the function of surfactant? To decrease surface tension

[Link]? Cause brain damage

[Link] aneurism= cerebral vascular acciden

[Link] happens if the right vagus is damaged? Increased HR |

Vagus= parasympathetics to the heart, Right Vagus= SA node Left
Vagus= Blocks AV

[Link] estrogen may lead to? Osteoporosis

539.A women with hysterectomy is more likely to have? Vertebral

fracture Hysterectomy= surgery to remove an ovary

[Link] of the following are lysosomal deficiency disease except? A.

Gaucher's B. Hurler's C. Tay-Sachs D. Lettret-Siewer disease
LETTRET-SIEWER DISEASE | MNEMONIC: "Nip That Fat Girl"=
Niemann, TaySach, Fabry, Gaucher - lipid storage diseases with
incomplete lysosomal breakdown

[Link] of the following organs is not needed for survival?

Adrenal medulla (on multiple tests)

[Link] amount of ATP used where in the nephron? The

ascending tubule

[Link] has discontinuous capillaries? Liver (if liver isn't an

answer choice then Spleen)

[Link] filtration rate in kidney= 0 (other choices: 50, 100, 150

)[Link] mortem exam for congestion heart failure showed:

Congestion of the lung

[Link]...? causes chief cells to secrete pepsinogen

[Link] B12 deficiency? Pernicious anemia

[Link] fascicularis: ACTH

549.A person swallows mostly during A. Sleep B. Clenching C.

Easting D. Awake not eating AWAKE NOT EATING

[Link] independent of host control: Neoplasm

[Link] what stage is a cell no longer responsive to growth and other

chemical factors? Neoplasia

[Link] ions are found in sweat of person with Cystic fibrous? Na

Cl

[Link] STUDY: Lady has polymyalgia rheumatic, osteoarthritis,

TMJ. What type of disease? Autoimmune

[Link] STUDY: Lady has polymyalgia rheumatic, osteoarthritis,

TMJ. Which of the following is not associated? Splenomegaly, losing
weight, happening after 40 years

[Link] STUDY: Lady has polymyalgia rheumatic, osteoarthritis,

TMJ. What is the cause of pain in the TMJ? Degeneration due to
osteoarthritis

[Link] STUDY: Lady with pain in upper 1st molar right side: What
nerve would you inject? PSA & MSA

[Link] STUDY: Lady with pain in upper 1st molar right side: If you
restore an amalgam up to the central pit what part of the tooth must
be considered to build up in carving? Oblique ridge, buccal groove,
lingual groove, cusp of carabeli *check

[Link] lady with a glucose level of 210- gestational diabetes

[Link] is increased in pregnancy to do what? Maintain the corpus

luteum

[Link]= XXY

[Link] ACTH= Cushing's

[Link] attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis, leading to a
swollen big toe joint? Gout

[Link]= dysfunction of lower esophageal sphincter |

propulsion of food clown the esophagus ( J, peristalsis). Failure of
lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax. Characteristic "bird's-
beak appearance" on barium swallow. Cause= Nerve related.
Clinical=Dysphagia to both solids and liquids, Regurgitation of food.

[Link] benign cancers are classified by? Containment

[Link] is a possible cause of edema? Liver Faliure | A rise in

hydrostatic pressure= cardiac failure= edema. A fall in osmotic
pressure= liver failure and nephrotic syndrome= liver failure= edema

[Link] part of the lungs have cartilage? Bronchi

[Link] addition to Kapsi's sarcoma, what other carcinoma are

people with AIDS likely to suffer from? Non-hodgkins lymphoma

[Link] of the following does the Medulla control?

(Medulla=Autonomic functions) A. Hunger B. Thirst C. Vomiting D.
Sex drive E. Control body heat VOMITING

[Link]= promote growth

[Link]= formation of cartilage

[Link]= failed fusion of max/mand prominence

[Link] is not secreted in urine? A. Urea B. Creatine C. Water D.

Glucose GLUCOSE

573.1,2,5 dihydroxy vitamin D3 synthesis entire reaction sequence

occurs in: skin, then liver, then kidney

[Link] does a nerve impulse go in one direction? B/c of the

conduction of nerve fibers

[Link] bone is found after? 1 week | procallus =

fibrocartilaginous callus = soft callus - the first stage
(approximately one week) in the healing of a bone fracture;
connective tissue stem cells and capillary blood vessels penetrate
the inflamed fracture hematoma and as phagocytes clear the debris
from the injury, new fibrous connective tissue matrix, then new
cartilage matrix, and finally new bone matrix begin to form; the
procallus material usually extends beyond the volume previously
occupied by the uninjured bone; it represents the second stage in
repair of a bone fracture. bony callus = hard callus - the second,
final stage (several weeks to months in duration) in the healing of a
bone fracture

[Link] is characterized by? Antinuclear antibody

[Link] inhibits what in Gout? Xanthine oxidase

[Link] of a low carbohydrate diet? To keep insulin low

[Link] necrosis is? Liquefactive necrosis

[Link] has hypoparathyroidism, what else could they have?

DiGeorge syndrome

[Link] acinar cells do what? Produce zymogens

[Link] is located in? The Liver (regulates free iron when not
already bound to iron (apotransferrin)

583.A decrease in what would cause release of oxygen? Decrease in

pH

[Link] kidney reabsorption happens in? Proximal convoluted

tubule

[Link] replaces? OH-

[Link] contraction questions, know the following: H band

disappears, I band shortens, A band stays the same! | The major
structural unit is the myofibril: Thick filaments (contain myosin).
Thin filaments (contain actin, troponin, and tropomyosin). Myosin
cross-bridges link the two filaments. | Cross-striations are apparent
due to alternating light and dark banding of the myofibrils. A band:
Dark band contains myosin. NEVER changes length. H band: Light
band that bisects the A band. SHORTENS during contraction. I band:
Light band containing actin. SHORTENS during contraction. Z line:
Dark band that bisects the I band. Anchor for actin. M line : Dark
band that bisects the H band. Anchor for myosin.

[Link] muscles move the radio-ulnar joint? Pronator teres,

pronator quadratus (both do pronation) & Biceps brachii (supination)

[Link] is an extension of what? Medial pterygoid plate

[Link] from tooth pulp? NE (other choices: Ach, P

substance, GABA)

[Link] ligaments prevent excessive opening during yawning?

Accessory ligaments (stylomandibular & sphenomandibular)
kaplan DA-OCCLUSION