DRUG STUDY

DRUG & CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSNG

DOSAGE OF ACTION RESPONSIBILITY

Oxyconti The most commonly For Healthcare
OxyContin OxyContin is OxyContin is
n 10 mg, 1 reported adverse Professionals:
(oxycodone) is an used to treat indicated for
tab OD reactions in adults
opioid pain moderate to the
included constipation, Applies to
medication. An severe pain that management
nausea, somnolence, oxycodone:
opioid is sometimes is expected to of pain severe
dizziness, vomiting, compounding
called a narcotic last for an enough to
pruritus, headache, dry powder, oral capsule,
(opiod analgesics) extended period require daily,
mouth, asthenia, and oral capsule extended
of time. around-the-
sweating. In pediatric release, oral
OxyContin is clock, long-
patients, the most concentrate, oral
used for around- term opioid
frequently observed solution, oral tablet,
the-clock treatment and
adverse reactions oral tablet extended
treatment of for which

123
 included vomiting, release
pain. It is not to alternative
nausea, headache,
be used on an treatment
pyrexia, and Because of
"as-needed" options are
constipation. the risks of
basis for pain. inadequate in:
addiction,
1. Adults; abuse, and
and misuse with
OxyContin may
opioids, even at
also be used for 2. Opioid-
recommended
purposes not tolerant
doses, and
listed in this pediatric
because of the
medication patients 11
greater risks of
guide. years of
overdose and
age and
death with
older who
extended-
are already

124
 release opioid
receiving
formulations [s
and
ee Warnings
tolerate a
and Precautions
minimum
(5.1)], reserve
daily
OxyContin for
opioid
use in patients
dose of at
for whom
least 20
alternative
mg
treatment
oxycodone
options (e.g.,
orally or
non-opioid
its
analgesics or
equivalent.
immediate-

release opioids)

are ineffective,

125
 not tolerated, or

would be

otherwise

inadequate to

provide

sufficient

management of

pain.

OxyContin is

not indicated as

an as-needed

(prn) analgesic.

DRUG & CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSNG

DOSAGE ACTION / ADVERSE EFFECTS/ RESPONSIBILITY

SIDE EFFECTS

126
Pregabalin Generic
Pregabalin is an Treating fibromyalgia Commonly reported 1. Discuss specific
75 mg, 1 Name: pregabalin
anticonvulsant and or nerve pain caused side effects of use of drug and
tab OD (pre-GAB-a-lin)
neuropathic pain by certain conditions pregabalin side effects with

agent. Exactly how (eg, shingles, diabetic include: infection, patient as it relates
Brand
pregabalin works is nerve problems, peripheral edema, to treatment.
Name: Lyrica
not known. It is spinal cord injury). It fatigue, constipation,
2. Patient may
thought to bind to is also used in weight gain, blurred
experience
certain areas in the combination with vision, ataxia,
dizziness, blurred
brain that help other medicines to dizziness, headache,
vision, weight gain,
reduce seizures, treat certain types of diplopia, drowsiness,
fatigue, difficulty
nerve pain, and seizures. It may also tremor, visual field
focusing, headache,
anxiety. be used for other loss, xerostomia, and
dry mouth,
conditions as accidental injury.
constipation, or
determined by your
increased hunger.
doctor.
Have patient report

127
 Other side effects immediately to

include: amnesia, prescriber signs of

Pregabalin is an
confusion, cognitive depression
anticonvulsant and
dysfunction, speech (suicidal ideation,
neuropathic pain
disturbance, anxiety, emotional
agent. Exactly how
abnormal gait, instability, or
pregabalin works is
edema, neuropathy, illogical thinking),
not known. It is
abnormality in severe loss of
thought to bind to
thinking, arthralgia, strength and
certain areas in the
vertigo, visual energy, vision
brain that help reduce
disturbance, changes, muscle
seizures, nerve pain,
weakness, sinusitis, pain, muscle
and anxiety
myasthenia, increased weakness, seizures,

appetite, twitching, bruising, bleeding,

and amblyopia. See burning or

128
 below for a numbness feeling,

comprehensive list of change in balance,

adverse effects. confusion, tremors,

memory

impairment,

shortness of breath,

excessive weight

gain, swelling of

arms or legs,

angina,

tachycardia,

arrhythmia, chills,

pharyngitis, urinary

incontinence, skin

sores, difficulty

129
 speaking,

insomnia, abnormal

gait, agitation,

irritability, panic

attacks, mood

changes, or signs of

Stevens-Johnson

syndrome/toxic

epidermal

necrolysis (red,

swollen, blistered,

or peeling skin

[with or without

fever]; red or

irritated eyes; or

130
 sores in mouth,

throat, nose, or

eyes) (HCAHPS)

3. Educate patient

about signs of a

significant reaction

(eg, wheezing;

chest tightness;

fever; itching; bad

cough; blue skin

color; seizures; or

swelling of face,

lips, tongue, or

throat)

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 DRUG & CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSNG

DOSAGE ACTION / ADVERSE EFFECTS/ RESPONSIBILITY

SIDE EFFECTS
Buclizine Buclizine HCl 25 Buclizine HCl: Nutritional Hypersensitivity:
Assessment & Drug
with Iron 1 mg, thiamine Increased possibility supplementation in Pregnancy & lactation.
Effects
tab OD mononitrate 10 mg, for toxicity w/ patients w/ depressed

pyridoxine HCl 5 alcohol & other appetite. Buclizine HCl: Inquire about

mg, cyanocobalamin CNS depressants eg, Drowsiness, dry mouth, history of

10 mcg, elemental hypnotics, headache, nausea & aspirin allergy.

Fe (as ferrous sedatives, jitteriness. Fe (as ferrous Withhold

fumarate 76 mg) 25 tranquilizers, anti- fumarate): GI effects (eg buclizine if

mg anxiety agents & nausea, vomiting, aspirin

narcotic analgesics. bloating & upper hypersensitivity

Prolonged & abdominal discomfort) is reported.

intensified at high doses; diarrhea

132
anticholinergic or constipation, teeth
Buclizine may
effect w/ MAOIs staining, darker stool
mask ototoxic
(eg, amitriptyline, color. Pyridoxine HCl:
effects of large
imipramine, Neurologic effects in
doses of
sertraline, chronic administration
salicylates.
moclobemide). Fe of high doses (100-500

(as ferrous mg/day) & long-term Patient & Family

fumarate): (2 mth) megadose (2 Education

Decreased g/day) use.

Take drug for
absorption w/
motion sickness
antacids &
at least 30 min
tetracyclines.
before
Delayed Fe therapy
traveling.
response w/

chloramphenicol. Do not take

May decrease

133
absorption & reduce
more
bioavailability of
medication than
carbidopa,
recommended.
levodopa,

methyldopa & Do not drive or

penicillamine. engage in other

potentially

hazardous tasks

until response

to drug is

known.

Avoid alcohol

and other CNS

depressants.

134
 Do not breast

feed while

taking this drug.

DRUG & CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSNG

DOSAGE ACTION / ADVERSE EFFECTS/ RESPONSIBILITY

SIDE EFFECTS
Losartan Administer without
Generic Losartan is used - Treatment of Commonly reported
50mg, 1 regard to meals.
Name: losartan (loe to treat high hypertension. side effects of
tab OD
SAR tan) blood pressure losartan

135
 Ensure that patient is
Brand (hypertension). It - To reduce the include: weakness,
not pregnant before
Names: Cozaar is also used to risk of stroke in chest pain, fatigue,
beginning therapy,
lower the risk of patients with diarrhea, and
suggest using
stroke in certain hypertension hypoglycemia.
barrier birth control
Losartan (Cozaar) people with heart and left
while using
belongs to a group disease. ventricular
losartan; fetal
of drugs called hypertrophy. Other side effects
injury and deaths
angiotensin II include: hypotension,
- Treatment of have been reported.
receptor Losartan is used hyperkalemia, and
diabetic
antagonists. It keeps to slow long- orthostatic
nephropathy Find an alternative
blood vessels from term kidney hypotension. See
with an method of feeding
narrowing, which damage in people below for a
elevated serum the baby if given to
lowers blood with type 2 comprehensive list of
creatinine and a nursing mother.
pressure and diabetes who adverse effects.
proteinuria Depression of the
improves blood also have high
(urinary renin-angiotensin

136
 system in infants is
flow. blood pressure. albumin to
potentially very
creatinine ratio
dangerous.
300 mg/g or
Alert surgeon and mark
greater) in
patient's chart with
patients with
notice that losartan
type 2 diabetes
is being taken. The
and a history of
blockage of the
hypertension.
renin-angiotensin

system following

surgery can

produce problems.

Hypotension may

be reversed with

volume expansion.

137
 Monitor patient closely

in any situation that

may lead to a

decrease in blood

pressure secondary

to reduction in fluid

volumeexcessive

perspiration,

dehydration,

vomiting, diarrhea

excessive

hypotension can

occur.

138
 DRUG & CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSNG

DOSAGE ACTION / ADVERSE EFFECTS/ RESPONSIBILITY

SIDE EFFECTS
Vit. B Generic Name: Obtain a sensitivity
Vitamins are This product is a Mild upset
Complex Vitamin b complex test history before
important building combination of stomach or flushing
OD (VYE-ta-min) administration. An
blocks of the body B vitamins used to may occur. These
Brand Name: Diatx intradermal test
and help keep you treat or prevent effects are usually
dose is
in good health. B vitamin deficiency temporary and may
recommended in
vitamins include due to poor diet, disappear as your
patients with
thiamine, certain body adjusts to this
possible sensitivity.
riboflavin, niacin/ni illnesses, alcoholism, product.
Protect solution
acinamide, vitamin or during pregnancy.
Many people using from light, and
B6, vitamin

139
 refrigerate
B12,folic acid, and this medication do
ampules.
pantothenic acid. not have serious side
Deficiency of Dont mix
effects.
components parenteral

especially of Vitamin A very preparations in

B and C due to serious allergic same syringe with

impaired absorption, reaction to this drug other drugs.

inadequate nutrition is rare. However, Monitor patient for

or increased seek immediate hypokalemia for

utilization, during medical attention if first 48 hours, as

pregnancy, lactation, you notice any anemia corrects

growth stress symptoms of a itself. Give

serious allergic potassium

reaction, supplement, as

including: rash,itchin needed.

g/swelling (especially

140
 Stress proper
of the
nutritional habits to
face/tongue/throat),
prevent recurrence
severe dizziness, trou
of deficiency.
ble breathing.
Warn patient that

there may be

burning at the

injection site.

DRUG & CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSNG

141
DOSAGE ACTION / ADVERSE EFFECTS/ RESPONSIBILITY

SIDE EFFECTS
Recormon GENERIC: A primary growth Chest pain or heavy 1. Confirm chronic,
Treatment of
5000 U, Epoetin beta factor for erythroid feeling, pain spreading renal nature of
symptomatic anemia
every development, to the arm or shoulder, anemia; not
associated with
Sunday BRAND: erythropoietin is nausea, sweating, intended as a
chronic kidney
Recormon produced in the general ill feeling; treatment of severe
disease (CKD) in
Rx kidney and released feeling short of breath, anemia or
patients on dialysis.
CLASSIFICATIO: into the bloodstream even with mild exertion; substitute for
Treatment of
Erythropoiesis- in response to swelling, rapid weight emergency
symptomatic renal
stimulating agent hypoxia. In gain; sudden numbness transfusion.
anemia in patients not
responding to or weakness, especially 2. Gently mix; do not
yet undergoing
hypoxia, on one side of the body; shake, shaking
dialysis.
erythropoietin sudden headache, may denature the
Prevention of anemia
interacts with confusion, problems glycoprotein. Use
in premature infants
erythroid progenitor with vision, speech, or only one dose per
with a birth weight of

142
cells to increase red balance; chest pain, vial; do not reenter
750-1500 g and a
cell production. sudden cough, the vial. Discard
gestational age of
Production of wheezing, rapid unused portions.
<34 weeks.
endogenous breathing, fast heart rate; 3. Do not give with
Treatment of
erythropoietin is or pain or swelling in any other drug
symptomatic anemia
impaired in patients one or both legs. solution.
in adult patients with
with chronic renal 4. Administer dose
non-myeloid
failure (CRF) and three times per
malignancies
erythropoietin week. If
receiving
deficiency is the administered
chemotherapy.
primary cause of independent of
Increasing the yield
their anemia. dialysis,
of autologous blood
administer into
from patients in a
venous access line.
predonation program.
If patient is not on
Its use in this
dialysis,
143
 administer IV or
indication must be
subcutaneously.
balanced against the
5. Monitor access
reported increased
lines for signs of
risk of
clotting.
thromboembolic
6. Arrange for Hct
events. Treatment
reading before
should only be given
administration of
to patients with
each dose to
moderate anemia [Hb
determine dosage.
10-13 g/dL (6.2-8.1
If patient fails to
mmol/L), no iron
respond within 8
deficiency] if blood-
wk of therapy,
conserving
evaluate patient for
procedures are not
other etiologies of
available or

144
 the problem.
insufficient when the
7. Evaluate iron
scheduled major
stores prior to and
elective surgery
periodically during
requires a large
therapy.
volume of blood (4
Supplemental iron
units of blood for
may need to be
females; 5 units for
ordered.
males).
8. Institute seizure

precautions.

DRUG & CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSNG

DOSAGE OF ACTION / ADVERSE EFFECTS/ RESPONSIBILITY

145
 SIDE EFFECTS

Dexamethason Description: D Contraindications: 1. Determine

Generic Dexamethasone is a
20 mg examethasone Hypersensitivity; active whether patient is
Name: dexamethason corticosteroid that
is a synthetic untreated infections; sensitive to other
e (oral) (dex a METH prevents the release of
glucocorticoid ophthalmic use in viral, corticosteroids
a sone) substances in the body
which fungal disease of the 2. Most adverse
Brand that cause
decreases eye. reactions to
Names: Baycadron, inflammation.
inflammation corticosteroids are
Dexamethasone
by inhibiting CNS: euphoria, dose-or duration-
Intensol, DexPak 10
the migration of insomnia, psychotic dependent.
Day Taperpak, Dexamethasone is
leukocytes and behavior, 3. For better results
DexPak 13 used to treat many
reversal of pseudotumor cerebri, and less toxicity,
DayTaperpak, DexPak different inflammatory
increased vertigo, headache, give once daily
6 DayTaperpak, conditions such as
capillary paresthesia, seizures, dose in morning.
Dexpak Jr. Taperpak, allergic disorders, skin
permeability. It depression. 4. Give oral dose
Zema Pak 10-Day, conditions, ulcerative
suppresses with food when

146
 normal immune possible. Patient
Zema Pak 13-Day, colitis, arthritis, lupus,
response. CV: hypertension, may need drugs to
Zema Pak 6-Day psoriasis, or breathing
Onset: As edema, arrythmias, prevent GI
disorders.
acetate: thromboembolism. irritation.

Prompt. 5. Give I.M injection

Duration: 72 EENT: cataracts, deeply into gluteal

Specific
hr. glaucoma. muscle. Rotate
Adjunctive treatment
Pharmacokine injection sites to
in bacterial meningitis.
tics: GI: peptic ulceration, prevent muscle

Absorption: R GI irritation, increased atrophy. Avoid

General
eadily absorbed appetite, pancreatitis, subcutaneous
Cerebral edema
from the GI nausea, vomiting. injection because
Allergic and
tract (Oral). atrophy and sterile
inflammatory
Distribution: R GU: increase urine abscesses may
conditions
eadily crosses glucose, and calcium occur.
Shock
the placenta. 6. Alwats adjust to

147
Protein binding: levels lowest effective
Tuberculosis
About 77%. Metabolic: dose
meningitis
Metabolism: H hypokalemia, 7. Monitor patient

epatic. hyperglycemia weight, blood

Excretion: Via pressure, and

urine (65% of Musculoskeletal: electrolyte levels.

the dose within muscle weakness Monitor patient for

24 hr). Half- Skin: Delayed wound cushingoid effects,

life: About 190 healing including moon

min. Other: Susceptibility to face, buffalo

infections. hump, thinning of

hair

Side Effects:

Aggression

agitation

148
 anxiety

blurred vision

decrease in the

amount of urine

dizziness

fast, slow,

pounding, or irregular

heartbeat or pulse

headache

irritability

mental depression

mood changes

nervousness

149
 noisy, rattling

breathing

numbness or

tingling in the arms or

legs

pounding in the

ears

shortness of

breath

swelling of the

fingers, hands, feet, or

lower legs

trouble thinking,

speaking, or walking

150
 troubled breathing

at rest

weight gain

151