Present Simple Tense

Prezentul simplu in engleza

Present Simple Tense: Forme

Afirmativ :
Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv
Exceptie : La pers a III sg verbul se termina mereu in s sau es :
The boy wants a toy car for Christmas. Baiatul vrea o masina de jucarie pentru
Craciun.

Atentie: 1. Verbele care se termina in -y la pers a III sg, y se transforma in -ies:

I cry She cries.
I play He plays.

2. Verbele care se termina in o, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch primesc la pers a III sg - es
My mother usually goes to the market in the morning. Mama se duce de
obicei in piata dimineata.

Negativ :
Subiect+ do not/ does not + verb
She does not sing in the school chorus. Ea nu canta in corul scolii.

Interogativ :
do not/ does not + Subiect + verb
Does she want to participate in the competition? - Vrea ea sa participle in
competitie?

Present Simple Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :

- Adevaruri general valabile :
The earth has 2 emispheres - Pamantul are 2 emisfere.

- Actiuni repetitive:
 She takes piano lessons each day at 5 oclock. Ea ia lectii de pian in fiecare zi la
ora 5.

- Actiuni de moment, terminate in momentul in care sunt savarsite :

Mark gets out of bed, goes to the bathroom and washes his teeth. Mark se da jos din
pat, se duce la baie si se spala pe dinti.

- Actiuni obisnuite :
My grandfather and Iusually look at the starts when the sky is clear. Bunicul meu si
cu mine, noi ne uitam de obicei la stele cand e senin.

- Actiuni planificate in viitor, obligatorii (cu verbe de miscare) :

The year ends with the 31st of December. Anul se termina cu 31 decembrie.

Adverbe folosite cu Present Tense Simple : de obicei, des, mereu, in fiecare

dimineata, cateodata, noaptea, dimineata.
MOD DE FORMARE

AFIRMATIV

Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv

(la persoana a III-a singular se adauga terminatia "-s" sau "-es")

Exemple:
I go to school every day.
Merg la scoala in fiecare zi.

He reads a book every month.

El citeste o carte in fiecare luna.

She lives in Bucharest.

Ea locuieste in Bucuresti.

INTEROGATIV

Do / Does (pers.III, sg.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv

Exemple:
Do you go to school every day?
Mergi la scoala in fiecare zi?

Does he read a book every month?

Citeste el o carte in fiecare luna?

Does she live in Bucharest?

Locuieste ea in Bucuresti?

NEGATIV

Subiect + do / does (pers.III, sg.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv

Se folosesc adesea contractiile don't (do + not) si doesn't (does + not)

Exemple:
I don't go to school every day.
Nu merg la scoala in fiecare zi.

He doesn't read a book every month.

El nu citeste o carte in fiecare luna.
 She doesn't live in Bucharest.
Ea nu locuieste in Bucuresti.

Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei "-s" sau "-es" la

afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a singular

La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia "-s" la persoana a

III-a singular la afirmativ
Exemple:
I talk He talks
I work He works
I sleep He sleeps

Verbelelor care se termina in ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o li se adauga

terminatia "-es"
Exemple:
I kiss He kisses
I wish He wishes
I catch He catches
I mix He mixes
I go He goes

La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o consoana, se

inlocuieste litera y cu litera i , iar apoi se adauga terminatia "-es"
Exemple:
I fly He flies
I study He studies
I cry He cries

La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o vocala, se

adauga terminatia "-s"
Exemple:
I pay He pays
I stay He stays
I play He plays

Cand folosim Prezentul Simplu?

Folosim Prezentul Simplu (Present Simple) pentru:

activitati zilnice, saptamanale, lunare, anuale

Exemple:
I go to the mountains every month.
Merg la munte in fiecare luna.

We have breakfast at 7.30 every morning.

Luam micul dejun la ora 7.30 in fiecare dimineata.
 obiceiuri, hobby-uri
Exemple:
She plays tennis in her free time.
Ea joaca tenis in timpul liber.

In the summer, they go to the seaside.

Vara, ei merg la mare.

situatii permanente
Exemple:
He lives in Paris.
El locuieste la Paris.

I work as a manager.
Eu lucrez ca manager.

a exprima actiuni care respecta un anumit program

Exemple:
The bus for Bucharest lives at 12.15 on Monday.
Autobuzul pentru Bucuresti pleaca luni la 12.15.

I have Maths Friday at 11.30.

Eu am matematica vineri, la 11.30.

situatii emotionale
Exemple:
I love my girlfriend very much.
Imi iubesc prietena foarte mult.

He hates cats.
El uraste pisicile.

adevaruri generale
Exemple:
The earth moves around the sun.
Pamantul se misca in jurul soarelui.

Water boils at 100C.

Apa fierbe la 100C.

Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Simplu

every day/ week/ month/ year etc., every morning/ evening/ afternoon/ night,
usually, always, sometimes, often, never, in the morning/evening/night etc.

Exemple:
He goes to the gym every day.
El merge la sala in fiecare zi.

I play football every week.

Eu joc fotbal in fiecare saptamana.
We go to the dentist every year.
Noi mergem la dentist in fiecare an.

She watches TV every evening.

Ea se uita la televizor in fiecare seara.

She usually studies hard for her exams.

De obicei, ea se pregateste din greu pentru examene.

I always do my homework.
Intotdeauna imi fac temele.

He sometimes goes shopping.

El face cumparaturi uneori.

I often play pool with my friends.

Eu joc deseori biliard cu prietenii mei.

She never goes to school by bus.

Ea nu merge niciodata la scoala cu autobuzul.

In the evening we play Monopoly.

Seara jucam Monopoly.

EXERCITII

1. Pune propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular:

Exemplu:
They live in Craiova. (He)
Ei locuiesc in Craiova.

He lives in Craiova, too.

El locuieste in Craiova, de asemenea.

a) I fly from Bucharest to Rome every week. (Mary)

Eu zbor de la Bucuresti la Roma saptamanal.

b) We usually play in the park. (John)

Noi ne jucam de obicei in parc.

Subiect+verb(infinitiv scurt)
Definitie 1 : Acesta defineste o actiune obisnuita, repetata sau care reprezinta
o parte a unui program.

Exemplu:

Imi folosesc telefonul in fiecare zi. (I use my mobile phone

everyday.)-o actiune repetata

Noi de obicei mergem la mare.(We usually go to the seaside.)

Definitie 2 : Acesta mai exprima si actiuni care reprezinta si programe fixate

de catre altcineva(mersul trenurilor, decolarea avioanelor, in general orare bine
stabilite).

Exemplu:

Trenul pleaca la ora cinci in fiecare dupa-amiaza.(The train leaves

at five p.m every afternoon.)

Definitie 3: Mai poate definii si obiceiuri sau hobby-uri.

Exemplu:

Eu joc fotbal cu prietenii mei in timpul meu liber.(I play footbal with
my friends in my free time.)

Definitie 4: Acest timp mai poate exprima si sentimente.

Exemplu:

Imi iubesc pisica mai mult decat cainele.( I love my cat more than
my dog.)

Definitie 5: De asemenea, acesta exprima si adevaruri generale.

 Exemplu:

Soarele rasare din est. (The Sun rises from the East.)

Observatie 1: Se foloseste, de obicei, cu adverbele de timp : everyday,

always, usually, often, sometimes, never, once a week

Observatie 2: Formele la interogativ si negativ sunt:

Mergeti voi de obicei la mare? (Do you usually go to the seaside?)

Noi nu mergem la mare.(We do not go to the seaside.)

Present Tense Simple and continuous - Prezentul simplu si continuu

1. Prezentul simplu
Prezentul simplu (Present Tense Simple) are forma de baza a verbului. (write, work, read)
Pentru persoana a III-a sg. se formeaza cu baza + -s. (he writes, she works, he reads)

I play - Eu ma joc.
He plays - El se joaca.

Forma negativa se formeaza cu auxiliarul do (does la pers. III-a sg.) si not. Forma
prescurtata este don't si doesn't.

I do not drink wine. - Eu nu beau vin.

She /he does not play football. - Ea /el nu joaca fotbal.
We don't applaud. Noi nu aplaudam.

Forma interogativa se formeaza cu do (does la pers. III-a sg.) inaintea subiectului.

Do you work here? - Muncesti aici?

Does she /he sing beautifully? - Ea /el canta frumos?

Conjugare
I play - Eu ma joc
you play - Tu te joci
He plays - El se joaca
she plays - Ea se joaca
it plays - Se joaca
we play - Noi ne jucam
you play - Voi va jucati
they play - Ei se joaca

Exemple:

I walk to school every day. - Eu merg pe jos la scoala in fiecare zi.

The school team sometimes practice in this stadium. - Echipa coalii uneori
practic in acest stadion.
Dr. Espinoza works according to her own schedule. - Dr. Espinoza lucreaza n
conformitate cu programul ei.
They come and help my parrents. - Ei vin i ajuta pe prinii mei.

Functii
Prezentul simplu se foloseste pentru:
- Actiuni obisnuite, care se intampla in prezent sau in mod regulat, dar nu neaparat in
momentul exact al vorbirii.

Mina plays tennis every weekend. - Mina joaca tenis in fiecare sfarsit de
saptamana.
The Post office opens at 8:45. - Posta se deschide la 8:45.

- Adevaruri sau realitati general acceptate.

Vegetarians eat mils, but they do not eat meat. - Vegetarieni mananca lapte, dar
ei nu mananca carne.
Winds carry weather balloons around the earth at the height of 24 kilometers. -
Vantul poarta baloanele meteorologice in jurul pamantului la inaltimea de 24
kilometri.

- Expresia opiniilor.

I think India is beautiful. - Cred ca India e frumoasa.

Some believe everything they read. - Unii cred tot ce citesc.

- Expresie a preferintelor.

Peter likes cats and dogs. - Lui petru ii plac pisicile si cainii.
Jim prefers maths. - Jim prefera matematica

- Se foloseste pentru a exprima asa numitul prezent istoric, facand astfel referire
la actiuni care s-au intamplat de fapt in trecut.

We were watching the back door when, all of a sudden, comes Dierdre. - Ne
uitam la usa din spate cnd, dintr-o dat, vine Dierdre.
Dierdre tells me that she took her brother to the dentist. - Dierdre mi spune c
ea a luat pe fratele ei la dentist.

- Prezentul simplu poate avea valenta de viitor mai ales cu verbe ca: arrive
(soseste), come (vine), leave (pleaca); care sugereaza evenimente planuite sau
programate.

The train from Boston arrives this afternoon at three o'clock. - Trenul din Boston
soseste in dupamiaza aceasta la ora trei.
The lesson starts at 8:15. - Lectia incepe la 8:15.

Expresii care semnaleaza frecvent actiuni obisnuite exprimate prin prezentul

simplu:

ll the time (tot timpul), always (mereu), every day (in fiecare zi), every holiday (in
fiecare vacanta), every hour (in fiecare ora), every month (in fiecare luna), every
semester (in fiecare semestru), every week (in fiecare saptamana), every year (in
fiecare an), most of the time (in majoritatea timpului), never (niciodata), often
(adesea), rarely (rar, rareori), sometimes (cateodata), usually (de obicei).