Running head: INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 1
Inquiry this Peep Edition
Darnisha Reed, Madison Weimer, Josh McBride
Ivy Tech Community College
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 2
Round 1
Question: What liquid reduces peeps to the least amount of weight in grams?
Claim: Vinegar will dissolve Peeps to the least amount of weight in grams.
Materials:
150 mL of distilled vinegar
18.1 grams of baking soda
300 mL of tap water
1 electric hot plate
1 measuring spoon
1 slotted spoon
9 pH strips
3 five-Peep package of Peeps
9 14 oz clear cups
1 graduated cylinder
1 scale
1 calculator
3 timers (clock)
Procedure:
1. Gather all materials necessary for experiment.
2. Place each individual 14 oz clear cup onto scale and ensure weight after 10 seconds is at
approximately 22.4 g.
3. Open one package of Peeps. Separate each individual Peep. Do not use the two Peeps on the end
of each row of five Peeps. Place one Peep onto the scale. Record weight of Peep after waiting 10
seconds.
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 3
4. Plug in hot plate into electrical outlet. Wait until the hotplate warms to 100 F.
5. Pour water into flask and place onto hot plate. Check temperature of the water frequently until
the water temperature reaches within one degree of 121.7 F.
6. Pour 150 mL of heated water into 14 oz cup.
7. Record pH of liquid by placing one pH strip into liquid to saturate strip. Compare pH strip to
color scale on pH strip bottle.
8. Place Peep into the cup with water. Place onto scale and record weight after 10 seconds.
9. Allow Peep 2 hours to rest in liquid. Keep track of time with one timer. Use separate timer for
each different liquid.
10. Repeat steps 5 through 9 for vinegar.
11. Repeat step 5 for water only.
12. Use measuring spoon to scoop out 18.1 grams of baking soda. Use scale to ensure amount of
baking soda.
13. Add 18.1 g of baking soda to heated 150 mL water into a 14 oz cup. Stir the water and baking
soda mixture for 30 seconds.
14. Repeat step 7 through 10 for baking soda water mixture.
15. After allotted time use slotted spoon to scoop out Peeps and let liquid drain for 15 seconds.
Record the weight of Peeps corresponding to each Peeps initial weight.
16. Repeat steps 2-15 an additional two times.
17. Find the total change in weight for each liquid in each trial.
18. Find the average of the ending weights of the peeps for each separate liquid of all three trials.
Evidence:
Tap Water Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 8.7 8.7 8.7
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 167.7 153 162
grams)
pH of the liquid 8 7 7
Ending weight of 7.8 7 7.9
Peep (in grams)
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 4
Total Change in -0.9 -1.7 -0.8
Weight (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Vinegar Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 8.7 8.7 8.7
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 151.5 149 151.3
grams)
pH of the liquid 2 2 2
Ending weight of 7.5 7 7.7
Peep (in grams)
Total Change in -1.2 -1.7 -1.0
Weight (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Baking Soda Water Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 8.7 8.7 8.7
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 167.7 178 169.2
grams)
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 5
pH of the liquid 8 8 8
Ending weight of 10.2 9.7 9.8
Peep (in grams)
Total Change in 1.5 1.0 1.1
Weight (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Conclusion: Our claim was supported.
Research:
According to Better Homes and Gardens,
A mixture of marshmallow, sugar, corn syrup, gelatin, and a few other special
ingredients are whipped into a marshmallowy goo that will become the shaped
candy Peeps. All sugar starts out white, since yellow Peeps were being made the
day we visited, the yellow food coloring was added through that little arm outside
the barrel. The barrel rotates like a cement mixer to color all the sugar. Then the
sugar is loaded into a spreader by hand. The spreader distributes the sugar all
across the conveyor belt that the candy will ride during production. No photos are
allowed of the machinery that actually pumps the marshmallow into the right
shape. Thats top secret. We can tell you that its basically the same technology
that was developed in the 1950s by the Just Born Company. Freshly made Peeps
travel along a conveyor belt (backwards) into a wind tunnel. This is where air will
whip the sugar around so that it sticks evenly to the warm, moist marshmallows.
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 6
The sugar-coated candy Peeps slide off a solid conveyor belt onto a grated one
that lets extra sugar fall through to be reused.
This machine gives the Peeps their peepers, which are actually tiny dots of an
edible wax. The machine can pump out 3,800 eyes per minute. The final stage of
the conveyor takes the Peeps through a very cold area so they can firm up enough
to easily fall off the conveyor belt and into boxes. The final stop for the boxes of
candy is a wrapping station. Boxes are sealed with plastic wrap, either
individually, two at a time, or three at a time.
According to UCSB ScienceLine (2015), you can actually dissolve the marshmallow, since it is
developed by sugar and jelly, water and milk can dissolve it only if it is heated up.
Being that Peeps are made mainly from sugar and marshmallows it is hard to dissolve
them unless you use heat to reduce their size. The Peeps cant dissolve completely because they
are made from sugar, marshmallows, corn syrup, gelatin, and other special ingredients, which
make the dissolving of marshmallows, Peeps, almost impossible. When we used water to
dissolve Peeps, we heated up the water to 121.7F first, before placing a Peep into a cup. After
waiting two hours, we took the Peep out and placed it into an empty cup and measured the
weight of the Peep. The Peep was be bloated in size. The water did not dissolve the Peep. The
heat part of this experiment helped reduce the size of the Peep. Water is a neutral pH liquid that
is made out of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Water does not have a low enough pH to dissolve the
Peep.
On the other hand, we also used vinegar, which is made out of diluted acetic acid base.
Diluted acetic acid is the major acid that is found in vinegar. According to General Chemistry
Labs (2017), Acetic acid by itself is clear and colorless. It gives vinegar its distinct odor. Due
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 7
to the diluted acetic acid base, vinegar made the Peeps mushy and soft, and it also made the Peep
fall apart. The more a liquid is acidic the better it will dissolve Peeps.
The pH of baking soda water was 9. Vinegar had a pH of 2.4, the lower the pH, the higher
the acidity. Thus, baking soda water is not as effective in dissolving the Peeps as the vinegar
mixture. Baking soda water is considered a neutral solution and therefore, Peeps do not dissolve
well in such a mixture. In summary, if you want to dissolve a Peep, use a more acidic base such
as vinegar instead of baking soda water.
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 8
Round 2
Question: Will cutting each Peep into fourths help them to reduce the weight in grams once
placed in liquids?
Claim: Vinegar will still dissolve Peeps to the least amount of weight in grams.
Materials:
300 mL of tap water
150 mL of distilled vinegar
18.1 grams of baking soda
1 electric hot plate
1 measuring spoon
1 slotted spoon
9 pH strips
3 five-Peep package of Peeps
9 14 oz clear cups
1 graduated cylinder
1 scale
1 calculator
3 timers (clock)
1 knife
1 object to stir Peeps with
Procedure:
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 9
1. Gather all materials necessary for experiment.
2. Place each individual 14 oz clear cup onto scale and ensure weight after 10 seconds is at
approximately 22.4 g.
3. Open one package of Peeps. Separate each individual Peep. Do not use the two Peeps on the end
of each row of 5 Peeps.
4. Cut 9 individual Peeps into four equal pieces each. Place the four pieces making one whole Peep
onto the scale. Record the weight after waiting 10 seconds of each Peep.
5. Plug the hot plate into electrical outlet. Wait until the hotplate warms to 100 F.
6. Pour water into flask and place onto hot plate. Check temperature of the water frequently until
the water temperature reaches within one degree of 121.7 F.
7. Pour 150 mL of heated water into 14 oz cup.
8. Record pH of liquid by placing one pH strip into liquid to saturate strip. Compare pH strip to
color scale on pH strip bottle to obtain level.
9. Pour 150 mL of heated water into separate clear 14 oz cup. Then place one Peep (four equal
pieces) into the cup with water. Place onto scale and record weight after 10 seconds.
10. Allow Peeps 2 hours to rest in liquid, stirring periodically with three separate stirs. Keep track of
time with a timer. Use separate timer for each different liquid.
11. Repeat step 6-10 for vinegar.
12. Repeat step 6 for water only.
13. Use measuring spoon to scoop out 18.1 grams of baking soda. Use scale to ensure amount of
baking soda.
14. Add 18.1 g of baking soda to heated 150 mL water into a 14 oz cup. Stir the water and baking
soda mixture for 30 seconds.
15. Repeat step 7 through 10 for baking soda water mixture.
16. After allotted time use slotted spoon to scoop out Peeps and let liquid drain for 15 seconds.
Record the weight of Peeps corresponding to each Peeps initial weight.
17. Repeat steps 2-16 an additional two times.
18. Find the total change in weight for each liquid in each trial.
19. Find the average of the ending weights of the peeps for each separate liquid of all three trials.
Evidence:
Tap Water Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 9.7 9 9.2
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 10
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 156.5 158 148.7
grams)
pH of the liquid 8 7 8
Ending weight of 7.5 7 5.3
Peep (in grams)
Total Weight -2.2 -2.0 -3.9
Decrease (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Vinegar Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 9.7 9 9.2
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 136.8 150 154.8
grams)
pH of the liquid 2 2 2
Ending weight of 5.7 6 5.9
Peep (in grams)
Total Weight -4.0 -3.0 -3.3
Decrease (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 11
Baking Soda Water Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 9.5 8 9.2
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 166.8 187 166.9
grams)
pH of the liquid 8 8 8
Ending weight of 9.4 10 8.9
Peep (in grams)
Total Weight -0.1 2.0 -0.3
Decrease (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Conclusion: Our claim was supported.
Research:
After the first round of testing we noticed an overall decrease in the weight when allotted
two hours to soak for each liquid and in all three trials. The first variable we thought to
manipulate was the surface area. Accessing our prior general science knowledge we knew
surface area would have some affect on the weight. There was some debate about, due to the
Peeps main ingredient being gelatin, whether increasing the surface area would increase the
ending weight or decrease it. For those in the group who thought it might enlarge the final weight
they were thinking adding to the surface area would create more pores in the marshmallow type
surface where the liquid could absorb or become stuck adding to the final overall weight. For
those in the group who thought increasing the surface area would decrease the final weight they
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 12
were thinking the liquids would better dissolve the Peep from having more of the liquid reaching
more of the Peep. Rather than having the liquid only reaching the outermost edge of the entire
single Peep, increasing the surface area by cutting the Peep into multiple pieces gave the liquid
access to more of the Peep at the same time.
According to BBC (2014), If a solid reactant is broken into small pieces or ground into a
powder: its surface area increases, more particles are exposed to the other reactant, there are
more collisions, and the rate of reaction increases. For the second round of our experiment we
did exactly that. We, broke, cut the Peep into four pieces. By doing this we added to the amount
of surface area just as our previous knowledge lead us to believe that we would. Increasing the
surface area also allows the other occurrences BBC discussed to take place, more of the Peeps
particles were exposed to the liquids; vinegar, tap water, and baking soda water, the other
reactant. The amount of reactants does not change because the weight of the Peep and the
milliliters of liquid remained the same. However, the chemical reaction was able to reduce the
weight of the Peep more than the first round in our allotted two hours. Considering we only
changed the surface area, not the liquids, temperatures, or amount of liquid, we can attribute this
decrease in overall weight to the increase in surface area.
The website CK-12 refers to a similar experiment. Instead of Peeps they are using sugar
crystals and sugar cubes. The website explains the sugar crystals, equivalent to a cut up Peep of
four pieces, has a combined greater surface area than that of the sugar cube, equivalent to one
single Peep. The greater the surface area the more of one reactant is in contact with the other.
This increased contact between the two reactants speeds up the rate of the chemical reaction
because the two reactants are reaching each other in higher amounts creating substantially more
opportunities for a reaction. The more opportunities for a reaction, the more a reaction is likely to
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 13
occur. Ultimately, our goal in this experiment is to have one liquid reduce the Peep to least
amount of weight. To achieve our goal we need that reaction to occur as much as possible hence
why increasing the surface area was so successful in reducing the weight of the Peep.
Our claim was that the vinegar would still decrease the Peeps weight to the least amount
of grams. Our reasoning was a combination of the results we witnessed in the first round, the
vinegar decreasing the weight the most, and our basic knowledge of surface area. Including the
knowledge obtained from the research for this round, we can say the Peeps decreased more in
overall weight due to the quicker rate of the chemical reaction between the Peep and the liquids.
The liquids in our experiment act as the solvent and the Peep is the solute. The breaking down
and dissolving of the Peep occurred faster which means the Peep dissolved more in our two hour
period because the rate of the reaction was faster than the first round.
Rarely with a Peep are you going to swallow it in its whole form. However, you would
most likely chew the Peep into small pieces. By increasing the surface area we were trying to
simulate the process occurring in your stomach when you consume food such as Peeps, high
sugar content. Americans in todays society consume on average 19.5 teaspoons, 82 grams, of
sugar every day (Ervin, 2013). The sugar we consume goes into our digestive track to dissolve
similarly to how we stimulated with the liquid and the Peeps. Even after the allotted two hours
the Peeps still had not dissolved even halfway from their original weight. The liquid bringing the
Peeps to the least amount of weight was the vinegar. Vinegars pH level 2 falls into the range of
the pH level of the gastric, 1.5-3.5 (Lehrer, 2014). The Peeps in the vinegar dissolved on average
for round two of this inquiry 3.43 grams in only two hours. The Peeps average original weight
was 9.3 grams. The Peep in the vinegar dissolved roughly one third in two hours. Proportionately
it would take a single Peep having been chewed into four pieces before swallowing
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 14
approximately six total hours to dissolve in a humans stomach. With the given research and our
previous knowledge obtained from rounds one and two of this inquiry we are wondering, what
would happen if we put the Peep in a liquid most humans drink on a normal basis?
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 15
ROUND 3
Question: Will a liquid with a neutral, 7 or 8, pH reduce the Peeps to a smaller amount than the
others?
Claim: The milk will reduce the Peeps to a smaller weight than the water and baking soda water.
Materials:
300 mL of tap water
150 mL of whole milk
18.1 grams of baking soda
1 electric hot plate
1 measuring spoon
1 slotted spoon
9 pH strips
3 five-Peep package of Peeps
9 14 oz clear cups
1 graduated cylinder
1 scale
1 calculator
3 timers (clock)
Procedure:
1. Gather all materials necessary for experiment.
2. Place each individual 14 oz clear cup onto scale and ensure weight after 10 seconds is at
approximately 22.4 g.
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 16
3. Open one package of Peeps. Separate each individual Peep. Do not use the two Peeps on the end
of each row of 5 Peeps. Place one Peep onto the scale. Record weight after waiting 10 seconds of
each Peep.
4. Plug in hot plate into electrical outlet. Wait until the hotplate warms to 100 F.
5. Pour water into flask and place onto hot plate. Check temperature of the water frequently until
the water temperature reaches within one degree of 121.7 F.
6. Pour 150 mL of heated water into 14 oz cup.
7. Record pH of liquid by placing one pH strip into liquid to saturate strip. Compare pH strip to
color scale on pH strip bottle.
8. Pour 150 mL of heated water into separate clear 14 oz cup. Then place Peep into the cup with
water. Place onto scale and record weight after 10 seconds.
9. Allow Peeps 2 hours to rest in liquid. Keep track of time with stopwatch. Use separate timer for
each different liquid.
10. Repeat steps 5 through 9 with whole milk.
11. Repeat step 5 for water only.
12. Add 18.1 g of baking soda to heated 150 mL water into a 14 oz cup. Stir the water and baking
soda mixture for 30 seconds.
13. Repeat step 7 through 9 for baking soda water mixture.
14. After allotted time use slotted spoon to scoop out Peeps and let liquid drain for 15 seconds.
Record the weight of Peeps corresponding to each Peeps initial weight.
15. Repeat steps 2-14 an additional two times.
16. Find the total change in weight for each liquid in each trial.
17. Find the average of the ending weights of the peeps for each separate liquid of all three trials.
Observations: HAVE AT HOME WILL ADD TOMORROW
Evidence:
Tap Water Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 9.2 9.2 9.2
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 149.6 139.5 151.1
grams)
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 17
pH of the liquid 8 8 8
Ending weight of 8.2 8.7 9.1
Peep (in grams)
Total Change in -1.0 -0.5 -0.1
Weight (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Milk Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 9.7 9.8 9.8
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 161.8 147.0 155.7
grams)
pH of the liquid 7 7 7
Ending weight of 10.0 10.1 9.5
Peep (in grams)
Total Change in 0.3 0.3 -0.3
Weight (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Baking Soda Water Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (Peep in 9.1 9.2 9.3
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 18
grams)
Liquid with Peep (in 163.9 157.5 160.9
grams)
pH of the liquid 8 8 8
Ending weight of 10.5 12.2 11.1
Peep (in grams)
Total Change in 1.4 3.0 1.8
Weight (negative =
decrease, positive =
increase)
Conclusion: Our claim was not supported.
Research:
The human body has a system designed to naturally dissolve most foods consumed. This
process begins with the first bit of food. According Mary Culp (2010), Chewing in the mouth
and peristaltic churning in the stomach involves a mechanical digestion of food into much
smaller particles. In order to dissolve any food there needs to be a pH number as close to the
pH of gastric juice, between 1 to 3. Gastric juice is produced from glands within the lining of the
stomach. The major components of gastric juices are enzymes in the digestive system known as
pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. During the process of digestion, these enzymes, each of
which is particularly effective in severing links between particular types of amino acids,
collaborate to break down dietary proteins to their components, peptides and amino acids, which
can be readily absorbed by the intestinal lining, (Pepsin, 2016).
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 19
The pH of the liquids we used during our investigating plays a role in the reaction of the
Peeps dissolving and the liquids solubility. Most solvents, solutions, solubility has a reaction
between the solvent and its ingredients to dissolve. Its resulting solution is a saturated solution,
where particles of the formed ingredients intertwined within the solution. Just as the stomach has
a pH of 1 to 3 there needs to be a liquid with a similar pH as well for the Peeps to dissolve and
decrease from its initial weight.
During the first two rounds we assumed vinegar would best dissolve the Peeps and we
learned vinegar did have a pH of 2. We wanted to speed up that process by changing one of the
liquids. We chose whole milk in the place of vinegar. According to UCSB ScienceLine, Because
it is made of sugar and jelly, water and milk can dissolve it, but only if you heat them, (2015).
Milk had an average pH of 7 and along with heating of the liquids we assumed this would work
as claimed by UCSB ScienceLine. This did not support our claim of milk reducing the Peeps to a
smaller weight than water and baking soda water. Milk's pH was not within the same pH range
of the gastric juices. GMIA (2012) states, Gelatin is relatively unaffected by ionic strength and
is stable over a broad pH range, (p. 13).
We continued our experiment with the first two liquids water and baking soda water.
These two liquids have water in common. We assumed that water of all the liquids would be the
controlled solubility. Just as the previous two rounds this was proven to be an unsupported claim.
Hydrophobic, hydrogen, and electrostatic bonds may be involved in the cross bonding.
Since these bonds are disrupted on heating, the gel is thermoreversible. Formation of the
cross bonds is the slowest part of the process, so that under ideal conditions the strength
of the gel increases with time as more cross bonds are formed, (GMIA, p. 8, 2012).
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 20
The ingredient gelatin has proven to be tougher than we anticipated. We were not able to break
its bond this round as we assumed we would be able to with the whole milk solution.
INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 21
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7_faster_slower4.shtml
CK-12 Foundation. (2014, April 29). Factors Affecting Solubility. Retrieved April 23, 2017,
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Culp, M. (2010). How To Construct An Artificial Stomach. American Biology Teacher
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Ervin, R.B., & Ogden, C.L. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for
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INQUIRY THIS PEEP EDITION 22
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