PINOYBIX MODULATION B.

vary in frequency with modulation

1. ______ is the maximum sideband suppression value using C. vary in frequency and amplitude with
filter system. wideband modulation
A. 50 dB D. is not immune to noise
B. 60 dB 9. The process of impressing intelligence on the carrier is
C. 40 dB called
D. 30 dB A. modulation
2. _______ determines the number of sideband components in B. detection
FM. C. mixing
A. carrier frequency D. impression
B. modulation frequency 10. ______ is an electronic instrument used to show both the
C. modulation index carrier and the sidebands of a modulated signal in the
D. deviation ratio frequency domain.
3. One of the following transmits only one sideband. A. spectrum analyzer
A. H3E B. oscilloscope
B. R3E C. digital counter
C. A3E D. frequency counter
D. B8E 11. What part of the carrier is varied by the intelligence
4. What produces the sidebands on FM? during modulation in an AM system?
A. signal amplitude A. phase
B. carrier harmonics B. frequency
C. baseband frequency C. amplitude
D. broadband frequency D. both a and c
5. Which test instrument displays the carrier and the sidebands 12. The difference between the RF carrier and the modulating
amplitude with frequency to frequency? signal frequencies is called the
A. oscilloscope A. USB
B. spectrum analyzer B. LSB
C. frequency analyzer C. Sideband
D. amplitude analyzer D. Carrier frequency
6. Mixer is also known as a ________. 13. What stage in a radio transmitter isolates the oscillator from
A. modulator the load?
B. suppressor A. Oscillator
C. converter B. Buffer
D. beater C. Separator
7. Which one of the following emission transmits the lower D. Mixer
sideband and half of the upper sideband? 14. The frequency of the unmodulated carrier in FM system is
A. A5C A. modulating frequency
B. J3E B. center frequency
C. A3J C. carrier frequency
D. A3H D. deviation frequency
8. An FM receives signal ______. 15. The ratio of maximum deviation to the maximum
A. vary in amplitude with modulation modulating frequency is called
 A. carrier swing D. Armstrong system
B. deviation ratio 22. To generate an SSB or DSB signal one must use a circuit
C. modulation factor known as
D. modulation index A. filter modulator
16. A carrier signal has B. ring modulator
A. constant amplitude C. balanced modulator
B. a frequency of 20 kHz and above D. reactance modulator
C. a varying amplitude 23. Which is the first radio receiver?
D. the information content A. TRF receiver
17. The modulated peak value of a signal is 125 V and the B. Superheterodyne receiver
unmodulated carrier value is 85 V. What is C. Crystal radio receiver
the modulation index? D. Heterodyne receiver
A. 0.47 24. An interfering signal with a frequency equal to the received
B. 0.68 signal plus twice the IF is called
C. 0.32 A. image frequency
D. 1.47 B. center frequency
18. An 891 kHz carrier having an amplitude of 80 V is C. rest frequency
modulated by a 4.5 kHz audio signal having an amplitude of 45 D. interference frequency
V. Themodulation factor is 25. Double sideband full carrier emission type
A. 0.56 A. A3J
B. 0.65 B. H3E
C. 1.78 C. R3A
D. 1.25 D. A3E
19. What is the modulation index of an FM signal having a 26. Single sideband reduced carrier emission type
carrier swing of 75 kHz when the modulating signal has A. H3E
frequency of 3 kHz? B. R3E
A. 25 C. J3E
B. 12.5 D. B8E
C. 0.04 27. A single sideband suppressed carrier emission type.
D. 0.08 A. H3e
20. In a FM system, if modulation index is doubled by having B. R3E
the modulating frequency, what will be the effect on the C. J3E
maximum deviation? D. B8E
A. No effect 28. Independent sideband emission type
B. Maximum deviation doubles A. H3E
C. Decreases by B. R3E
D. Increases by C. J3E
21. Which of the following is considered as an indirect method D. B8E
of generating FM? 29. Vestigial sideband emission type
A. Reactance modulator A. C3F
B. Balanced modulator B. J3E
C. Varactor diode modulator C. R3E
 D. B8E D. B3E
30. Single sideband full carrier emission type. 38. AM transmission power increases with ________.
A. R3E A. Frequency
B. H3E B. Source
C. J3E C. Load
D. B8E D. Modulation
31. Phase modulation emission type. 39. _______ locks the FM receiver to a stronger signal.
A. F3E A. Hall effect
B. F3C B. Capture effect
C. F3F C. Image frequency
D. G3E D. Homing
32. Which one is not an advantage of SSB over AM? 40. What is the highest percentage of modulation for AM?
A. Power saving A. 50 %
B. Requires half the bandwidth B. 75 %
C. Wider area of reception C. 100 %
D. Better fidelity D. 80 %
33. The advantage of a high level modulated AM transmitter is 41. In FM, the Carsons Rule states that the bandwidth is equal
A. Less audio power required to twice the sum of the modulating frequency and ______.
B. Better fidelity A. Carrier signal
C. Higher value of operating power B. Modulating signal
D. Less distortion C. Frequency deviation
34. The advantage of a low-level modulated AM transmitter is D. Image frequency
A. Less audio power required 42. What is the carrier swing of an FM transmitter when
B. Better fidelity modified by 75%?
C. Higher value of operating power A. 53.2 kHz
D. Less distortion B. 48 kHz
35. _____ is the bad effect caused by overmodulation in AM C. 56.25 kHz
transmission. D. 112.5 kHz
A. Increase in noise 43. The modulation system inherently more resistant to noise
B. Deviation in the operating frequency A. Single sideband suppressed carrier
C. Interface to other radio services B. Frequency modulation
D. Decrease in the output power C. Pulse-position modulation
36. Which characteristic of a radio receiver refers to its ability D. Amplitude shift keying
to reject an unwanted signal? 44. Subcarriers that are arranged so that the channels
A. Sensitivity occupying adjacent frequency bands with some frequency
B. Selectivity space between them is known as
C. Fidelity A. Guard bands
D. Quality B. AM bands
37. What type of emission is frequency modulation? C. Band gap
A. F3E D. Void band
B. G3E 45. Modulation of an RF amplifier carrier results in
C. A3E A. Multiple channels
 B. Smaller antennas 53. When a carrier is modulated 100%, the total power
C. Directional propagation increases by what percentage over that of the carrier alone?
D. All of the above A. 25 %
46. A process which occurs in the transmitter B. 50 %
A. Mixing C. 75 %
B. Modulation D. 100 %
C. Heterodyning 54. When the amplitude of the modulating voltage is increased
D. Demodulation for AM, the antenna current will
47. A process which occurs in the receiver A. Increase
A. Beating B. Decrease
B. Modulation C. Remain constant
C. Mixing D. Decrease exponentially
D. Demodulation 55. An increase in transmitter power from 25W to 30W will
48. One part of the transmitter that protects the crystal cause the antenna current to increase from 700mA to
oscillator from pulling. A. 800 mA
A. Buffer amplifier B. 750 mA
B. Modulator C. 767 mA
C. Power amplifier D. 840 mA
D. Antenna coupler 56. A second modulating tone having the same amplitude but a
49. What aspect of the carrier is changed by modulation? different frequency is added to the first at the input to the
A. Frequency modulator. The modulation index will be increased by a factor
B. Phase of
C. Amplitude A. sq. root of 3
D. Depends on the type of modulation B. sq. root of 2
50. The amplitude of a sine wave which is modulated by a C. 2
musical program will D. 3
A. Be complex 57. A 1000 kHz carrier is modulated by a 2500Hz tone. One
B. Contain fundamental frequencies frequency component of the modulated signal is
C. Contain harmonic frequencies A. 1200 Hz
D. All of the above B. 5000 Hz
51. What will be the result of the gain level being too high for C. 1002.5 kHz
signals entering the modulator? D. 2500 Hz
A. Receiver noise 58. A 1200 kHz carrier is amplitude-modulated by two tones of
B. Excessive volume of receiver output 500 Hz and 700 Hz. Which one is a frequency component of
C. Oscillator disturbances the modulated wave?
D. Distortion and splatter A. 1195 kHz
52. Amplitude modulation causes the amount of transmitter B. 1199.3 kHz
power to C. 1199.7 kHz
A. Increase D. 1205 kHz
B. Decrease 59. Identify a modulation method, or methods in use for a
C. Remain the same common-emitter configuration
D. Double A. Base modulation
 B. Emitter modulation 67. In FM, the change in carrier frequency is proportional to
C. Collector modulation what attribute of the modulating signal?
D. Both A and C A. Angle
60. The RF signal injected into a balanced modulator is 10MHz B. Frequency
and the modulating frequency is 1 kHz. Which frequency, or C. Amplitude
frequencies, will not appear in the output? D. Tone
A. 9.999 MHz 68. A louder sound, when generating the modulating waveform
B. 10 MHz for FM, will cause a greater
C. 10.0001 MHz A. Carrier amplitude
D. Both A and B B. Angle amplitude
61. Unwanted sidebands in SSB equipment can be C. Distortion at the receiver
suppressed by one or more of the following methods. D. Frequency deviation
A. Phasing method 69. If a positive change in modulation signal level of 200 mW
B. Filter method will cause a positive frequency deviation of 10 kHz, what will
C. Decoder method be the frequency deviation for a negative change of 10 mV in
D. Both A and B the level of the modulating signals?
62. Envelope detection is concerned with the process of A. 0
A. Mixing B. -5 kHz
B. Heterodyning C. +5 kHz
C. Modulation D. +0 kHz
D. Rectification 70. A particular 15 kHz modulation tone results in a peak
63. Diagonal clipping in envelope detection will result in frequency deviation of 75 kHz. What is the modulation index?
A. Distortion A. 5
B. Phase reversal B. 15
C. Reduced sensitivity C. 75
D. Amplitude damage D. 3
64. Product detection requires the process of 71. A 15 kHz sine wave frequency modulates an 88 MHz
A. Rectification carrier. A sideband frequency will be found at
B. Heterodyning A. 87.970 MHz
C. Decoding B. 87.985 MHz
D. Phase shifting C. 88.015 MHz
65. A sine wave which is coherent with carrier has identical D. All of these
A. Amplitude 72. A device whose capacitance is deliberately made to be a
B. Frequency function of the applied voltage
C. Phase angle A. Varactor diode
D. Both B and C B. UJT
66. Frequency modulation and phase modulation are C. SAW
collectively referred to as D. Variable capacitor
A. Stereo 73. A reactance modulator is one method of obtaining
B. Angle modulation A. Indirect FM
C. High fidelity modulation B. Direct FM
D. FCC modulation C. Demodulation
 D. Low frequency filtering 81. A quadrature detector requires that
74. A device, now available in IC form, is useful for direct FM A. Four gates bee provided
and as one element in the phse-locked loop. B. The inputs are coherent
A. AFC C. The inputs are incoherent
B. AGC D. The inputs are identical
C. VCO 82. In a phase-locked loop, the VCO is the abbreviation for
D. LPF A. Variable coherent output
75. _____ is a frequency change process, whereby the phase B. VHF communication oscillator
deviation and frequency deviation are multiplied by some fixed C. Voltage-controlled oscillator
constant. D. Vien-count oscillator (neutralized)
A. Translation 83. Identify an advantage, or advantages of a properly
B. Multiplication designed FM system.
C. Division A. Relative immunity to atmospheric noise (lightning)
D. Addition B. Reduced bandwidth required
76. A circuit that has the function of demodulating the C. No noise of any kind
frequency-modulated signal. D. The noise figure is inversely proportional to the
A. AFC modulation index
B. Envelope detector 84. The output of a balanced modulator
C. Decoder A. LSB and USB
D. Foster-Seeley discriminator B. LSB
77. The ratio detector is superior to the slope detector because C. USB
A. It is less sensitive to phase modulation D. Carrier
B. It is less sensitive to noise spikes 85. If the modulation index of an AM wave is changed from 0 to
C. It is less sensitive to interference causing AM 1, the transmitted power is
D. Both B and C A. Unchanged
78. One implementation of a pulse averaging discriminator is B. Halved
A. A free-running multivibrator C. Doubled
B. A crystal-controlled oscillator D. Increased by 50%
C. A quartz crystal filter 86. Which of the following is not a baseband signal of
D. A triggered multivibrator modulation?
79. A 10% increase in the frequency of a constant-width pulse A. Audio signal
train should cause what change in its average value? B. Video signal
A. 10 % C. RF carrier
B. 1 % D. Binary coded pulses
C. +1 % 87. If the unmodulated level peak carrier amplitude is doubled
D. +10 % in an AM signal, the perfect modulation is ________.
80. Two different signals can be coherent if they A. 20
A. Have the same amplitude B. 50
B. Are both sine waves of different frequencies C. 100
C. Originate in the same physical equipment D. 200
simultaneously 88. Balanced modulator circuit when inserted in the equivalent
D. Have the same frequency suppresses the ___________
 A. Carrier B. Twice the original index
B. Upper sideband C. Four times the original index
C. Lower sideband D. One-half the original index
D. Baseband signal 96. An AM transmitter is rated 1000 W at 100% modulation.
89. The carrier of a 100% modulated AM wave is suppressed, How much power required for the carrier?
the percentage power saving is __. A. 1000 W
A. 100 % B. 666.6 W
B. 50 % C. 333.3 W
C. 83 % D. 866.6 W
D. 66.66 % 97. Standard way of designating AM
90. If the modulation index if an AM wave is doubled, the A. A3E
antenna current is also doubled, the AM system being used is B. B3E
A. H3E C. AHE
B. J3E D. C3F
C. C3F 98. _____ is the circuit used to detect frequency modulated
D. A3E signal.
91. 100% modulation in AM means a corresponding increase A. Discriminator
in total power by _______. B. Modulator
A. 100 % C. Modem
B. 50 % D. Detector
C. 75 % 99. _____ is an information signal that is sent directly without
D. 25 % modulating any carrier.
92. A single-tone amplitude modulated wave has _______. A. C-band
A. 2 components B. Q-band
B. 3 components C. Baseband
C. 4 components D. Broadband
D. 2n + 1 components 100. Both frequency and phase modulation utilize ______
93. A carrier signal has ________. modulation.
A. Constant peak amplitude A. Digital
B. Frequency range of 20 20,000 Hz B. Phase
C. A varying amplitude C. Amplitude
D. The information D. Angle
94. The modulating system is _________ if the modulating 01. It is the width of frequencies within the spectrum occupied
frequency is doubled, the modulation index is halved, and the by a signal and used by the signal for conveying information.
modulating voltage remains constant. A. Band
A. Amplitude modulation B. Bandwidth
B. Phase modulation C. Electronic spectrum
C. Frequency modulation D. Frequency band
D. Pulse modulation 102. Which transmit only one sideband?
95. What is the modulation index of an FM signal if its A. H3E
modulating frequency is doubled? B. C3F
A. No effect C. A3E
 D. B8E C. Low-Q tank circuit
103. ______ is kind of modulation in which the modulated D. IF strip
wave is always present. 110. If the frequency of each component in a signal spectrum
A. Carrier modulation is increased by the same fixed amount, this known as
B. Continuous modulation A. Modulation
C. Log-periodic modulation B. Frequency translation
D. Square-wave modulation C. Up conversion
104. A type of modulation in which no signal is present D. Both B and C
between pulses. 111. A particular amplifier is designed to be a frequency
A. Pulse modulation doubler. If the input signal frequency is 15.4 MHz, a circuit in
B. FSK the output will be tuned to
C. QAM A. 7.7 MHz
D. PAM B. 15.4 MHz
105. What describes the amount of amplitude change present C. 30.8 MHz
in an AM waveform? D. 61.6 MHz
A. Percent modulation 112. A sine wave of 293 MHz is phase-modulated to achieve a
B. Modulation constant maximum phase deviation of 0.2 radian. After passing through
C. Envelope of modulation a frequency tripler, the maximum phase deviation will be
D. Coefficient of modulation A. 0.2 radian
106. _______ is a form of amplitude distortion introduced when B. 0.3 radian
the positive and negative alternations in the AM modulated C. 0.4 radian
signals are not equal. D. 0.6 radian
A. Envelope distortion 113. Any device to be used as a frequency multiplier must be
B. Spurious emission A. Active
C. Carrier shift B. Passive
D. Johnson noise C. Linear
107. What is the advantage of phase modulation over direct D. Nonlinear
FM frequency modulation? 114. A particular amplifier circuit used for frequency doubling.
A. Multipliers can be used A. Push-push
B. The deviation is smaller B. Push-pull
C. Simplicity and practicality C. Pull-push
D. The oscillator is crystal-controlled D. Pull-pull
108. If the spectrum is shifted in frequency with no other 115. Frequency division is useful in the implementation of a
changes, this is known as A. AM demodulator
A. Frequency multiplication B. Frequency synthesizer
B. Sideband movement C. AGC circuit
C. Baseband reorientation D. FM demodulator
D. Frequency translation 116. Frequency division by 12 will require how many flip-flops
109. A device which is capable of causing frequency in the counter?
translation A. 3
A. High-Q tank circuit B. 4
B. Balanced modulator C. 6
 D. 12 124. A receiver in which all RF amplifier stages require manual
117. Identify an electronic device, not specifically designed for tuning to the desired RF is called
the purpose, which can be used as a phase detector. A. Superheterodyne
A. Wien bridge B. Autodyne
B. Colpitts oscillator C. TRF
C. Balanced modulator D. AFC
D. Butterworth filter 125. Why is it often necessary to precede the demodulator by
118. A particular frequency synthesizer contains only a single amplifier stages in a receiver?
crystal. What words describe this synthesizer? A. To improve fidelity
A. Crystal modulated B. To reduce receiver noise
B. Inexact C. To eliminate image response
C. Indirect D. Weak antenna signals
D. Deficient 126. A serious disadvantage of the TRF receiver.
119. A recognizable feature of a CW transmitter is A. Bandwidth variations over the tuning range
A. Keyed transmitter B. The weight and cost
B. Power amplification C. The requirements for a closely regulated power
C. Frequency generation supply
D. All of these D. The requirements for a half-wave antenna
120. The term pulling refers to 127. Identify which is not a part of a superheterodyne receiver.
A. The change of the crystal oscillator frequency by A. Local oscillator
loading B. Modulator
B. One half-cycle operation of a push-pull amplifier C. IF amplifier
C. Loading on the transmitter caused by D. Demodulator
the antenna connection 128. Which major element will not be found in every
D. Reduction of the power supply terminal voltage as superheterodyne receiver?
the transmitter is keyed. A. RF amplifier
121. When frequency modulation is achieved by initial B. Mixer
phase modulation, this is called C. Local oscillator
A. Angular modulation D. IF amplifier
B. Direct FM 129. Which major element of a superheterodyne receiver must
C. Indirect FM be nonlinear?
D. Indirect synthesis A. R-F amplifier
122. A disadvantage of direct FM is the need for B. Mixer
A. AGC C. Local oscillator
B. AFC D. IF amplifier
C. A frequency synthesizer 130. The change of the modulated carrier frequency from the
D. Phase modulation original RF to the IF of the superheterodyne receiver is known
123. Direct FM can be achieved by as
A. A reactance tube modulator A. Frequency multiplication
B. A varactor diode B. Frequency allocation
C. And AGC circuit C. Frequency substitution
D. Both A and B D. Frequency translation
131. The key to achieving receiver sensitivity is the reduction C. The image frequency
of D. The image rejection ratio
A. Image response 138. The core of an IF transformer usually contains
B. Mixer harmonic products A. Teflon
C. Spurious frequency response B. Computer nylon
D. Internal noise C. Powdered iron
132. Which of the following receiver design objectives is not D. Laminated steel
impossible? 139. Shape factor is a measure of
A. Elimination of galactic noise A. Bandwidth
B. Elimination of atmospheric noise B. Skirt steepness
C. Elimination of man-made noise C. Coupling coefficient
D. Reduction of receiver internal noise D. Critical coupling
133. In comparing the S/N ratio for the input to the receiver 140. _______ is the function which tends to maintain the sound
with the S/N ratio for the output, the latter is volume level of a voice receiver nearly constant for a large
A. Smaller signal strength range.
B. The same A. Squelch
C. Greater B. Muting
D. Infinite C. AGC
134. The characteristic of a receiver that specifies the self- D. AFC
generated noise. 141. The function which tends to silence the receiver in the
A. Noise immunity absence of transmitted carrier.
B. Noise factor A. Squelch
C. Noise figure B. Muting
D. Noise margin C. AGC
135. An FM receiver with an I-F of 10.7 MHz is tuned to 98.7 D. AFC
MHz. What is the numerical value of the image frequency? 142. What device is incorporated in a communications receiver
A. 77.3 MHz to reduce impulse noise?
B. 88.0 MHz A. Front-end processor
C. 109.4 MHz B. Squelch circuit
D. 120.1 MHz C. AGC
136. A source of RF interference exists at 109.9 MHz. For D. Noise blanker
which frequency in the FM broadcast band will this be the 143. What type of signal in which a receiver selectivity of 2.4
image frequency? kHz in the I-F circuitry is optimum?
A. 21.4 MHz A. FM voice
B. 88.5 MHz B. Double-sideband AM voice
C. 99.2 MHz C. FSK data
D. 110.7 MHz D. SBB voice
137. The ratio of the superheterodyne receiver response at the 144. If the input to a detector stage is an amplitude-modulated
desired carrier frequency to that at the image frequency is (A3E) IF signal then the output from the stage is
called A. A lower frequency carrier
A. The sensitivity B. The audio voice information
B. The selectivity C. A Morse-code signal
 D. The upper or lower set of sidebands 151. An effect in which, the modulation of an unwanted signal
145. In a capacitive type, reactance-tube modulator connected is transferred to the desired carrier.
across an oscillator tuned circuit, a more negative voltage on A. Crossmodulation
the grid of the reactance tube will cause B. Intermodulation
A. An increase of the oscillator frequency C. Modulation mixing
B. An decrease of oscillator frequency D. Image-channel interference
C. An increase of the reactance-tube capacitance 152. Leads should be kept as short as possible in radio circuit
D. An increase of the reactance tube ac plate current so that
146. The limiting condition for sensitivity in a communications A. Skin effect is reduced
receiver is B. There is less hysteresis effect
A. The noise floor of the receiver C. There is less dielectric loss
B. Power supply output ripple D. Stray coupling is minimized
C. The two-tone intermodulation distortion 153. The number of voice transmissions that can be packed
D. The input impedance to the detector into a given frequency band for amplitude-compandored
147. When a communications receiver is tuned to a strong single-sideband systems over conventional FM-phone
signal, the AGC bias is measured and found to be zero. The systems.
fault cannot be caused by a/an A. 2
A. Defective IF stage B. 18
B. Defective local oscillator C. 16
C. Defective RF stage D. 4
D. Open circuit in the AGCs filter capacitor 154. Neutralization of an RF amplifier stage can be necessary
148. The term used to refer to the condition where the signals in order to
from a very strong station are superimposed on other signals A. Increase the amplifiers gain
being received B. Prevent the generation of spurious oscillations
A. Cross-modulation interference C. Reduce the amplifiers gain
B. Intermodulation interference D. Reduce the level of the output harmonics
C. Receiver quieting 155. The ability of a communications receiver to perform well in
D. Capture effect the presence of strong signals outside the band of interest is
149. The limiter stage of an FM receiver indicated by what parameter?
A. Behaves as a low-pass filter A. Blocking dynamic range
B. Limits the amplitude of the IF signal to the required B. Noise figure
level C. Signal-to-noise ratio
C. Behaves as a high-pass filter D. Audio output
D. Behaves as a bandstop filter 156. Stages that are common to both AM and FM receivers
150. Motorboating (low-frequency oscillations) in an amplifier A. Tuner, local oscillator, detector, AF amplifier
can be stopped by B. RF amplifier, mixer, IF amplifier, AF amplifier
A. Grounding the screen grid C. Local oscillator, RF amplifier, frequency
B. Connecting a capacitor between the B+ and lead discriminator, detector
ground D. Tuner, IF amplifier, detector, AF amp
C. By passing the screen grid resistor with a 0.1 F 157. Occurs during CW reception if too narrow a filter
capacitor bandwidth is used in the IF stage of a receiver
D. Grounding the plate A. Filter ringing
 B. Undesired signals will reach the audio stage A. In the detector
C. Output-offset overshoot B. In the atmosphere
D. Cross-modulation distortion C. In the ionosphere
158. What stage mainly determines a communication D. In the receiver front end
receivers sensitivity? 165. Cross-modulation in a receiver can be reduced by
A. IF amplifier A. Installing a filter at the receiver
B. Mixer stage B. Using a filter at the receiver
C. Detector stage C. Increasing the receivers RF gain while decreasing
D. RF amplifier the AF
159. What is the main advantage of FM over AM? D. Adjusting the pass-band tuning
A. Better signal-to-noise-ratio 166. What is the emission designation for FM telephony?
B. Narrower bandwidth A. F3E
C. Greater propagation range B. G3E
D. Total freedom from adjacent-channel interference C. J3E
160. An amplitude modulation created in an amplifier before D. H3E
the final RF stage. 167. What is the cause of receiver desensitizing?
A. Low-level modulation A. The presence of a strong signal on a nearby
B. High-level modulation frequency
C. Direct modulation B. Audio gain adjusted too low
D. Indirect modulation C. Squelch gain adjusted too high
161. Receiver desensitizing can be reduced by D. Squelch gain adjusted too low
A. Increasing the transmitter audio gain 168. In a phase-modulated signal (indirect FM), the frequency
B. Decreasing the receiver squelch gain deviation is directly proportional to the
C. Increasing the receiver bandwidth A. Carrier amplitude only
D. Ensuring good RF shielding between the B. Amplitude of the modulating tone and frequency of
transmitter the carrier
162. In a narrow-band FM system, the deviation ratio is C. Carrier frequency only
commonly one and the highest audio frequency is generally D. Modulating signal amplitude only
limited to 169. An RF stage precedes the mixer stage in a
A. 300 Hz superheterodyne receiver. One advantage of including this RF
B. 10,000 Hz stage is
C. 3,000 Hz A. Better selectivity
D. 7,500 Hz B. Better rejection ratio
163. A type of emission is produced when an amplitude C. Greater sensitivity
modulated transmitter is modulated by a facsimile signal D. Improved signal-to-noise-ratio
A. A3F 170. Two factors that determine the sensitivity of a receiver.
B. F3F A. Dynamic range and third-order intercept
C. A3C B. Cost and availability
D. F3C C. Bandwidth and noise figure
164. Where is the noise generated which primarily determines D. Intermodulation distortion and dynamic range
the signal to noise ratio in a VHF (150 MHz) marine band 171. What is an undesirable effect of using too-wide a filter
receiver? bandwidth in the IF section of a receiver?
 A. Undesired signals will reach the audio stage A. Avoid the requirement of neutralizing the stage
B. Output-offset overshoot B. Raise the input impedance
C. Thermal-noise distortion C. Lower the output impedance
D. Filter ringing D. Obtain maximum power output
172. A system containing a limiter stage, a discriminator, and a 179. The AM detector performs two basic functions in the
de-emphasis circuit? receiver.
A. Direct FM transmitter A. Rectifies and filters
B. Indirect FM transmitter B. Amplifiers and filters
C. Single sideband AM receiver C. Buffer and amplifier
D. FM receiver D. Buffer and detector
173. The limiter stage of an FM receiver 180. A varactor diode can be used in a/an
A. Prevents any amplitude modulation of the IF signal A. Direct FM modulator circuit
B. Limits the amount of frequency deviation in the IF B. AFC circuit in a direct FM transmitter
signal C. Phase-modulator circuit
C. Limits the overall bandwidth of the IF stages D. All of these
D. Corrects any deviation in carrier frequency 181. Receiver interference is not reduced by including a/an
174. High selectivity occurs when the degree of coupling A. Crystal filter
between a receivers RF stages is B. Insulating enclosures around the receiver
A. Tight C. Wave trap
B. Loose D. RF stage
C. Critical 182. What is the emission C3F?
D. Adjusted for maximum power transfer A. RTTY
175. A carrier is phase modulated by a test tone. If the B. SSB
amplitude and the frequency of the tone are both doubled, the C. Television
amount of the deviation is D. Modulated CW
A. Doubled 183. What is the approximate dc input power to a class AB RF
B. Unchanged power amplifier stage in an unmodulated carrier transmitter
C. Halved when the PEP output is 500 W?
D. Multiplied by four A. Approximately 1000 W
176. The degree of selectivity desirable in the IF circuitry of a B. Approximately 800 W
single-sideband receiver. C. Approximately 250 W
A. 1 kHz D. Approximately 600 W
B. 2.4 kHz 184. Which of the following stages in an FM receiver is
C. 4.2 kHz responsible for drastically reducing the effect of static noise
D. 4.8 kHz during the reception of a signal
177. The component most apt to break down in the radio circuit A. De-emphasis circuit
is the B. Mixer stage
A. Crystal C. Squelch circuit
B. Resistor D. Limiter stage
C. Transformer 185. The letters SSSC stands for
D. Diode A. Single sideband, single carrier
178. The base in an RF amplifier is grounded in order to B. Suppressed sideband, single channel
 C. Suppressed sideband, single carrier B. Installing capacitive spark plugs
D. Single sideband, suppressed carrier C. Installing resistors in series with the spark plugs
186. For many types of voices, what is the ratio of PEP-to- D. Installing two copper-braid ground strips
average power during a modulation peak in a single-sideband 193. The carrier in an AM transmitter is the
phone signal? A. Transmitters output signal when the modulation is
A. Approximately 1.0 to 1 present
B. Approximately 25 to 1 B. Transmitters output signal when the modulation is
C. Approximately 100 to 1 zero
D. Approximately 2.5 to 1 C. Output signal from the crystal oscillator
187. In most mixers, the oscillator frequency is ______ than D. RMS value of the AM signal
the carrier frequency of the input signal. 194. What stage feeds the discriminator of an FM receiver?
A. Higher A. Local oscillator
B. Lower B. Mixer stage
C. The same C. Final IF amplifier, which also acts as a limiter stage
D. 10 kHz above D. Buffer
188. Features of a transmitters buffer stage include 195. In an FM receiver, the stage that has the IF signal is input
A. High stage and the audio signal output.
B. Harmonic generation A. Limiter
C. Improvement in frequency stability of the oscillator B. Audio amplifier
D. Low input impedance C. IF amplifier
189. Type of emission produced when an amplitude modulated D. Discriminator
transmitter is modulated by a television signal 196. What is capture effect?
A. F3F A. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an
B. A3C FM receiver
C. F3C B. The loudest signal received is the only
D. A3F demodulated signal
190. A network is C. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an
A. A network consisting entirely of four inductors or AM receiver
four capacitors D. The weakest signal received is the only
B. A power incidence network demodulated signal
C. An antenna matching network that is isolated from 197. A double-sideband phone signal can be generated by
ground A. Feeding a phase-modulated signal into a low-pass
D. A network consisting of one inductor and two filter
capacitors B. Modulating the plate voltage of a class-C amplifier
191. How is G3E FM-phone signals produced? C. Using a balanced modulator followed by a filter
A. A network consisting modulator on the audio D. Detuning a Hartley oscillator
amplifier 198. Pre-emphasis is used in FM transmitters to improve the
B. With a reactance modulator on the final amplifier signal-to-noise ratio of
C. With a reactance modulator on the oscillator A. High modulating frequencies
D. With a balanced modulator on the oscillator B. Low modulating frequencies
192. A way of eliminating auto interference to radio reception C. All modulating frequencies
A. Installing resistive spark plugs D. Frequencies carrier
199. The result of cross-modulation is that B. Bandwidth of emission and occupied bandwidth
A. The modulation of an unwanted signal is heard on C. Operating bandwidth
the desired signal D. All of these
B. A decrease in modulation level of transmitted 206. A class-C RF amplifier is collector amplitude modulated
signals and its average dc level collector current does not change.
C. Of receiver quieting This means
D. Of inverting sidebands in the final stage of the A. A normal condition
amplifier B. Excessive drive to the base
200. Which of the following contains de-emphasis circuit? C. Insufficient drive to the base
A. FM transmitter D. Insufficient audio modulation
B. FM receiver 207. What determines the percentage modulation of an FM
C. VHF transmitter transmitter?
D. VHF receiver A. Amplitude of the carrier
201. What is emission F3F? B. Modulating frequency
A. AM C. Carrier frequency
B. Facsimile D. Amplitude of the modulating signal
C. Television 208. Deviation ratio of an FM transmitter is the ratio of the
D. RTTY A. Maximum frequency swing to the highest
202. What type of emission is produced when a frequency modulating frequency
modulated transmitter is modulated by a facsimile signal? B. Operating frequency of the assigned frequency
A. F3C C. Frequency swing to the modulating frequency
B. A3C D. Highest modulating frequency to the minimum
C. F3F frequency
D. A3F 209. The main purpose of the beat frequency oscillator (BFO)
203. Two AM transmitting antennas are close together. As a is to generate
result the two modulated signals are mixed in the final RF A. A 1 kHz not for Morse reception
stage of both transmitters. What is the resultant effect on other B. Aid in the reception of weak voice-modulated
station? signals
A. Harmonic interference C. An output, whose frequency differs from the IF by 1
B. Intermodulation interference kHz
C. Spurious interference D. A signal, whose frequency is the same as
D. Crossmodulation interference intermediate frequency
204. The term used to refer to the reduction of receiver gain 210. Normally, a linear class BRF power amplifier operates
caused by the signal of a nearby station transmitter in the with a bias approximately equal to
same frequency band? A. Twice cut-off
A. Quieting B. Ten times cut-off value
B. Cross-modulation interference C. 50% of cut-off value
C. Squelch gain rollback D. Projected cut-off
D. Desensitizing 211. The purpose why an RF amplifier is operated under linear
205. What is the bandwidth occupied by the carrier, both class-B conditions (as opposed to class-C) is to
sidebands and harmonics? A. Generate only even harmonics
A. Authorized bandwidth B. Generate only odd harmonics
 C. Increase the efficiency A. Zero beat
D. Amplify of an AM signal B. Under-modulation
212. The term used to refer to the condition where the signal C. Zero-modulation
from a very strong station are superimposed on other signal D. Over-modulation
being received. 219. What is the approximate bandwidth of an FM with a
A. Cross-modulation interference modulation factor of 12.5 and a modulating frequency of 10
B. Intermodulation distortion kHz?
C. Receiver quieting A. 20 kHz
D. Capture effect B. 270 kHz
213. _________ is the amplitude of the maximum negative C. 250 kHz
excursion of a signal as viewed on an oscilloscope. D. 45 kHz
A. Peak-to-peak voltage 220. Amplitude modulation is the same as
B. Inverse peak positive voltage A. Linear mixing
C. RMS voltage B. Analog multiplication
D. Peak negative voltage C. Signal summation
214. The type of emission that suffer most from selective D. Multiplexing
fading. 221. The negative half of the AM wave is supplied by a/an
A. CW and SSB _______ on a diode modulator.
B. SSB and TV A.
C. FM and double sideband AM B. Transformer
D. SSTV and CW C. Capacitor
215. In an FM-phone signal, ________ is the ratio between the D. Inductor
actual frequency deviation to the maximum frequency 222. One of the following can produce AM.
deviation. A. Having the carrier vary a resistance
A. FM compressibility B. Having the modulating signal vary a capacitance
B. Modulating index C. Varying the carrier frequency
C. Percentage of modulation D. Varying the gain of an amplifier
D. Quieting index 223. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier amplitude with
216. _______ is used to refer to the reception blockage of one the modulating signal by passing it through an attenuator
FM-phone signal by another FM-phone signal. network is the principle of
A. Capture effect A. Rectification
B. Desensitization B. Amplification
C. Cross-modulation interference C. Variable resistance
D. Frequency discrimination D. Absorption
217. A receiver selectivity of 10 kHz in the IF circuitry is 224. Which component is used to produce AM at very high
optimum for what type of signals? frequencies?
A. SSB voice A. Varactor diode
B. Facsimile B. Thermistor
C. FM C. Cavity resonator
D. Double-sideband AM D. PIN diode
218. If the envelope of modulation is constant in amplitude this
means
225. A collector modulator has a supply voltage of 48 V. What B. Rectifier
is the peak-to-peak amplitude of the modulating signal for 100 C. Bridge
percent modulation? D. Constant current source
A. 24 V 233. The most commonly used filter in SSB generators uses
B. 48 V A. LC networks
C. 96 V B. Mechanical resonators
D. 120 V C. Crystals
226. What circuit recovers the original modulating information D. RC networks and op amps
from an AM signal? 234. In the phasing method of SSB generation, one sideband
A. Modulator is canceled out due to
B. Demodulator A. Phase shifting
C. Mixer B. Sharp selectivity
D. Crystal set C. Carrier suppression
227. What is the most commonly used amplitude demodulator? D. Phase inversion
A. Envelope detector 235. A balanced modulator used to demodulate a SSB signal
B. Balanced modulator is call a/an
C. Mixer A. Transponder
D. Crystal set B. Product detector
228. What circuit generates the upper and lower sidebands C. Converter
and suppresses the carrier? D. Remodulator
A. Amplitude modulator 236. Frequency translation is done with a circuit called a
B. Diode detector A. Summer
C. Class C amplifier B. Multiplier
D. Balanced modulator C. Divider
229. _________ is a widely used balanced modulator. D. Mixer
A. Diode bridge circuit 237. Mixing for frequency conversion is the same as
B. Full-wave bridge rectifier A. Rectification
C. Lattice modulator B. AM
D. Balanced bridge modulator C. Linear summing
230. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act like D. Filtering
A. Variable resistors 238. Which of the following is not a major advantage of FM
B. Switches over AM?
C. Rectifiers A. Greater efficiency
D. Variable capacitors B. Noise immunity
231. The output of a balanced modulator is C. Capture effect
A. AM D. Lower complexity and cost
B. FM 239. The primary disadvantage of FM is its
C. SSB A. Higher cost and complexity
D. DSB B. Excessive use of spectrum space
232. The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596 IC balanced C. Noise susceptibility
modulator is a D. Lower efficiency
A. Differential amplifier 240. Noise is primarily
 A. High-frequency spikes B. BFO
B. Lowe-frequency variations C. Ratio detector
C. Random level shifts D. All of these
D. Random frequency variations 249. Which of the following is the most widely used amplitude
241. The receiver circuit that rids FM of noise is the modulator
A. Modulator A. Diode detector
B. Demodulator B. PLL circuit
C. Limiter C. VCO
D. Low-pass filter D. All of these
242. The AM signals generated at a low level may only be 250. Which of the following is the most widely used balanced
amplified by what type of amplifier? modulator
A. Class A A. Full-wave bridge circuit
B. Class B B. Balanced bridge modulator
C. Class C C. Lattice modulator
D. All of the above D. None of these
243. SSB means 251. A method that applied the modulated wave to the vertical
A. Single sideband with suppressed carrier deflection circuit of the oscilloscope and the modulating signal
B. Single sideband with carrier to the horizontal deflection circuit.
C. Double sideband with no carrier a. Trapezoidal method
D. Single sideband with reduced carrier b. Circular method
244. A circuit used to select the desired output from a mixer c. Square method
A. Transformer d. Any method
B. Resonant circuit 252. The heart of all methods of single-sideband modulation
C. Filter and demodulation
D. Phase-shift circuit a. Modulator
245. What is the output of a balanced modulator? b. Balanced modulator
A. AM c. Modulation
B. DSB d. demodulation
C. SSB 253. If the frequency and phase are parameters of carrier
D. ISB angle, which is a function of time, the general term
246. The acronym SSSC refer to ___________-cover both.
A. Suppressed sideband, single carrier a. Amplitude modulation
B. Suppressed sideband, suppressed carrier b. Frequency modulation
C. Single sideband, suppressed carrier c. Phase modulation
D. Single sideband, single carrier d. Angle modulation
247. Which process occurs in the receiver? 254. In FM radio communication system, narrow-band (NBFM)
A. Demodulation is used rather than wideband (WBFM), because it,
B. Reception a. Improves signal to noise ration
C. Modulation b. Reduces interchannel interference
D. Recreation c. Provides maximum coverage for a given amount of
248. What is usually used to demodulate SSB or CW signal? power
A. PLL d. All of the above
255. Radio transmitter basically consists of two principal parts, c. TV
one reproducing a carrier frequency and one for __________. d. None of these
a. IF Frequency 262. Recovers the modulating voltage from the frequency
b. RF Frequency modulation by utilizing the phase angle shift between primary
c. Modulating Frequency and secondary voltages of tuned oscillators.
d. Power a. Direct method
256. Is a measure of its ability to maintain as nearly a fixed b. Indirect method
frequency as possible over as long as time interval as possible. c. Foster-Seeley discriminator
a. Receiver Noise Factor d. Slope detector
b. Selectivity 263. Is used in FM receivers to lock onto the received signal
c. Sensitivity and stabilized receptions.
d. Frequency stability a. Automatic Gain Control
257. Is the effect of two-transmitter when they are in close b. Automatic Frequency Control
proximity. This results into the sum and difference frequencies c. Muscle Control
of two carriers. d. Automatic Frequency Gain Control
a. Intermodulation effect 264. Are amplifier circuits that are used to eliminate amplitude
b. Intermodulation interference modulation and amplitude-modulated noise from received FM
c. Intermodulation product Signals before detection.
d. intermodulation a. Demodulators
258. _________ is a continuous frequency capable of being b. Diode detector
modulated or impressed with a second information carrying c. Amplitude limiters
signal. d. None of these
a. Carrier frequency 265. If the total sideband power is 12.5% of the total radiated
b. Center frequency power, find the modulation index.
c. IF frequency a. 50 percent
d. RF frequency b. 53.4 percent
259. The varactor diode used in FM may be represented by the c. 26.2 percent
approximate equivalent circuit of the _____ in series with a d. 32.3 percent
________. 266. Carriers are spaced at 20 kHz, beginning at 100 kHz.
a. Diode, capacitor Each carrier is modulated by a signal with a 5 kHz bandwidth.
b. Diode, resistor Is there interference from the sideband?
c. Capacitor, resistor a. Yes
d. Any of these b. No
260. The name varactor comes from variable _________. c. Maybe
a. Resistor d. Secret
b. Capacitor 267. For an unmodulated carrier of 150 V and a modulated
c. Diode peak value of 230 V. What is the modulation index
d. reactor a. 0.35
261. 75 microseconds pre-emphasis time is used in b. 0.533
__________. c. 0.652
a. FM d. 0.42
b. AM
268. New frequencies outside the regular AM spectrum are a. Monophonic
called ___________. b. Stereophonic
a. Distortion c. Stereonic
b. Interference d. SCA
c. Splatter 275. It make use of the shape of IF filter frequency response
d. Harmonic roll-off versus frequency.
269. A DSB-SC has a total power of 350 watts with 100% a. Foster Seeley
modulation suppresses 50% of the carrier, and the suppressed b. Slope detector
carrier power goes to the sidebands. How much power is in the c. Diode detector
sidebands? d. Quadrature detector
a. 116.67 W 276. In AM, modulation index is a number lying between ____
b. 233.33 W and 1.
c. 175 W a. 2
d. 350 W b. 5
270. A DSB-SC system must suppress the carrier by 30 dB c. 0
from its original value of 30 W. What value must the carrier be d. 3
reduced? 277. This form of modulation is also known as independent
a. 30000 W sideband emission.
b. 0.03 W a. A3E
c. 300 W b. R3E
d. 0.003 W c. H3E
271. ___________, which further amplifies the signal and has d. B8E
the bandwidth and passband shaping appropriate for the 278. An attenuated carrier is reinserted into the SSB signal to
received signal. facilitate receiver tuning and demodulation.
a. RF stage a. A3E
b. Mixer and local oscillator stage b. R3E
c. IF stage c. H3E
d. AF stage d. B8E
272. In FM, a bandwidth estimate 98 percent level of Bessel 279. Standard AM used for broadcasting
functions a. A3E
a. Approximate bandwidth b. R3E
b. Narrow-band Bandwidth c. H3E
c. Carsons rule d. B8E
d. Wideband bandwidth 280. Single sideband, suppressed carrier in which the carrier is
273. The complete series of stages for reproducing the FM suppressed by at least 45 dB in the transmitter.
signal with the desired carrier and deviation is the _______. a. A3E
a. Modulator b. R3E
b. Exciter c. H3E
c. IF stage d. B8E
d. RF stage 281. The shift in the carrier frequency from the resting point
274. Is the ability of FM system to provide low-noise, high compared to the amplitude of the modulating signal is called
fidelity music background/broadcast.. _______.
 a. Index d. 4 kW
b. Deviation ratio 288. If the input resistance of the base station of AM broadcast
c. Carrier frequency produced 20 kW carrier power, at what modulation index
d. Deviation frequency should the antenna rise at 108.63 A?
282. In FM, the amplitude of the modulated frequency wave a. 20%
remains ___________ at all times. b. 50%
a. Varying c. 60%
b. Dependent d. 80%
c. Constant 289. ________ used a phase detector to compare the phase
d. variable and frequency of the received signal to the VCO output.
283. An AM has a maximum span of 30 V, what is the required a. PIL
minimum span to attain 100% modulation? b. PAL
a. 30 V c. PLL
b. 20 V d. PLI
c. 0 V 290. A filter with a roll-off of 6 dB/kHz is used as a slope
d. None of these detector. The input signal varies with +3 kHz deviation from
284. DZMM having a carrier frequency of 630 kHz is center carrier frequency. How many dB down is the output at
modulated by 2.6 kHz audio signal having an amplitude of 37.5 full deviation?
V. What is the amplitude voltage of 630 kHz carrier frequency a. 9 dB
at 0.35 modulation index? b. -18 dB
a. 57.6 V c. 18 dB
b. 107.14 V d. -9 dB
c. 206.5 V 291. A receiver limiter requires a 20 mV signal for quieting
d. 86.2 V operation. The voltage gain between the RF input and the
285. If the sideband power is 50% of the carrier power, what is limiter is 57.7 dB, what is the input at the antenna terminal
the modulation index? assuming equal resistance?
a. 50% a. 75.6 mV
b. 75% b. 26.67 uV
c. 90% c. 52.3 uV
d. 100% d. 49.6 uV
286. If the increase power is 180 watts at 1 kW unmodulated 292. A 1-MHz carrier is modulated with a resulting 100 Hz
output power the modulation index is _________. deviation. It undergoes x36 multiplication, followed by mixing
a. 75% with a 34.5 MHz signal and re-multiplication by 72. What is the
b. 60% final carrier and deviations?
c. 50% a. 5076 MHz, 2592 MHz
d. 25% b. 2592 MHz, 259.2 kHz
287. In AM, if the unmodulated power carrier is 10 kW, and the c. 2592MHz, 5076 MHz
total power is 15 kW, what is the upper sideband power at d. 259.2 MHz, 108 kHz
100% modulation index? 293. For standard commercial broadcast FM, the deviation
a. 25 kW ratio is ________.
b. 2 kW a. 15
c. 2.5 kW b. 75
 c. 5 300. Undesired signal on the other side of the local oscillator
d. 10 output will have the same difference frequency and pass into
294. A system has 150 kHz of bandwidth available for 10 kHz the IF amplifier.
modulation signal. What is the approximate deviation to be a. Carrier frequency
used? b. Sum frequency
a. 35 kHz c. Difference frequency
b. 65 kHz d. Image frequency
c. 25 kHz 301. One of the following refers to an output of a balanced
d. 15 kHz modulator
295. An FM has a deviation of 100 kHz and a modulating a. SSB
frequency of 15 kHz, what happen to m if the deviation triples? b. ISB
a. 6.66 c. AM
b. 2.22 d. DSB
c. 4.12 302. Which of the following components is used to produce AM
d. 0.20 at very high frequencies?
296. A receiver for a signal at 100 MHz uses a 10.7 MHz IF a. Cavity resonator
and low tracking. What is the image frequency? b. PIN diode
a. 89.3 MHz c. Varactor
b. 78.6 MHz d. Thermistor
c. 52.5 MHz 303. A third symbol emission which represent data
d. 35.2 MHz transmission including telemetry, and telecommand
297. What is the change in resonant frequency of the actual a. B
varactor capacitance value differs by -5% (0.05) of the nominal b. D
value? c. C
a. 2.06 d. N
b. 3.02 304. In an AM wave, useful power is carried by
c. 1.03 a. None of these
d. 5.06 b. Sidebands
298. An oscillator resonate at 1 MHz with a nominal 100 pF c. Both the sidebands and the carrier
capacitor and 0.25 mH inductor, what s the resonant frequency d. Carrier
of the actual capacitor value is +20% of the nominal value? 305. Determine the modulation index of an standard FM
a. 1.006 MHz broadcast having a hypothetical maximum carrier frequency
b. 0.9188 MHz deviation of 12 kHz and a maximum modulating frequency pf
c. 3.625 MHz 4kHz.
d. 2.00123 MHz a. 9
299. Front end is also called _________. b. 6
a. IF stage c. 3
b. AF stage d. 4
c. RF stage 306. The process by which the intelligence signals normally at
d. None of these lower frequency are removed from the transmission frequency
after it is received in the receiver station.
a. Detection
 b. Demodulation d. A
c. Amplification 313. One of the following is a communications filter generally
d. Modulation used in the transceiver of a single sideband generator.
307. What is meant by the term modulation? a. Lowpass filter
a. The squelching of a signal until a critical signal-to- b. Crystal filter
noise ratio is reached c. Bandpass filter
b. Carrier rejection through phase nulling d. Mechanical filter
c. A linear amplification mode 314. What is the modulation index for an AM signal having
d. A mixing process whereby information is imposed Vmax and Vmin of 2.6 and 0.29, respectively?
upon a carrier a. 0.799
308. What is a balanced modulator? b. 0.111
a. An FM modulator that produces balance deviation c. 0.894
b. A modulator that produces a DSBSC signal d. 0.639
c. A modulator that produces a SSBSC signal 315. What is the bandwidth of an AM signal modulated by a
d. A modulator that produces a full carrier signal 15-kHz intelligence signal?
309. What is a reactance modulator? a. 7.5 kHz
a. A circuit that acts as a variable resistance or b. 15 kHz
capacitance to produce FM signals c. 30 kHz
b. A circuit that acts as a variable resistance or d. 60 kHz
capacitance to produce AM signals 316. If a transmitter supplies 10 kW to the antenna when it is
c. A circuit that acts as a variable inductance or unmodulated, determine the total radiated power when it is
capacitance to produce FM signals modulated at 30%
d. A circuit that acts as a variable inductance or a. 10.45 watts
capacitance to produce AM signals b. 10750 watts
310. How can an SSB phone signal be generated? c. 11.5 kilowatts
a. By dividing product detector with a DSB signal d. 10450 watts
b. By using a reactance modulator followed by a 317. Which of the following waveform characteristics
mixer determines the wavelength of a sine wave?
c. By using a loop modulator followed by a mixer a. Phase
d. By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter b. Amplitude
311. How can a DSB phone signal be generated? c. Period
a. By feeding a phase modulated signal into a low d. Phase angle
pass filter 318. In the F3E signal, what is the term for the ratio between
b. By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter the deviation of a frequency modulated signal and the
c. By detuning a Hartley oscillator modulating frequency?
d. By modulating the plate voltage of a class C a. FM compressibility
amplifier b. Quieting index
312. First symbol in the designation of radio signals emission c. Modulation index
which refers to use of an unmodulated carrier. d. Percentage of modulation
a. J 319. Which frequency band is the standard AM radio
b. N broadcast?
c. H a. HF
 b. UHF 326. What is the source of sidebands in frequency modulated
c. MF voice?
d. VHF a. A3F
320. The letter-designation B8E is a form of modulation also b. A3J
known as c. F3E
a. Pilot carrier system d. J3E
b. Independent sideband emission 327. The third symbol in the designation of radio emission
c. Lincompex under the ITU refers to
d. Vestigial sideband transmission a. Type of modulation of the main carrier
321. What are the two general categories of methods for b. Nature of signals
generating emission F3E? c. Type of information to be transmitted
a. The only way to produce an emission F3E signal is d. Nature of multiplexing
with reactance modulator on the oscillator 328. An AM transmission of 3 kW is 100% modulated. If it is
b. The only way to produce an emission F3E signal is transmitted as an SSB signal, what would be the total power
with a balanced modulator on the oscillator transmitted?
c. The only way to produce an emission F3E signal is a. 500 W
with a balanced modulator on the audio amplifier b. 1000 W
d. The only way to produce an emission F3E signal is c. 1500 W
with a reactance modulator on the final amplifier d. 2000 W
322. 100% modulation in AM means a corresponding increase 329. This circuit has the function of demodulating the
in total power by ____. frequency-modulated signal. It is a
a. 25% a. Automatic gain control
b. 75% b. Automatic frequency control
c. 100% c. Envelope detector
d. 50% d. Foster-Seeley discriminator
323. How does the SSB transmitter output power normally 330. Calculate the power in one sideband of an AM signal
expressed? whose carrier power is 50 watts. The unmodulated current is 2
a. Average power A while the modulated current is 2.4 A.
b. In terms of peak envelope power a. 22 W
c. In terms of peak-to-peak power b. 33 W
d. Peak power c. 11 W
324. Determine from the following the common use of DSB in d. 44 W
broadcast and telecommunications 331. The method of generating FM used by broadcasting
a. Satellite communication station is
b. FM/TV stereo a. Direct
c. Two-way communications b. All of these
d. Telephone systems c. Indirect
325. What is the source of sidebands in frequency modulation? d. Insertion
a. Oscillator 332. Deviation ratio of an FM transmitter is the ratio of the
b. Baseband frequency a. Maximum frequency swing to the highest
c. Mixer modulating frequency
d. Carrier harmonics b. Operating frequency of the assigned frequency
 c. Frequency swing to the modulating frequency is 85% modulated by a 3 MHz sine wave. Calculate the RMS
d. Highest modulating frequency to the minimum voltage of the signal.
frequency a. 825 W
333. An AM transmitter is modulated by two sine waves at 1.5 b. 262. 61 V
kHz and 2.5 kHz with modulations of 20 percent and 80 c. 1166.7 V
percent respectively. Calculate the effective modulation index. d. 825 V
a. 0.7776 340. What will be the total sideband power of the AM
b. 0.6 transmitting station whose carrier power is 1200W and a
c. 0.8246 modulation of 95%?
d. 1.0 a. 270.75 W
334. A DSBSC system must suppress the carrier by 50 dB for b. 900 watts
its original value of 10 W. To what value must the carrier be c. 1.8 kW
reduced? d. 542 W
a. 1 milliwatt 341. Which among the following is capable of generating
b. 10 microwatts frequency conversion?
c. 0.10 milliwatts a. Balanced modulator
d. 0.01 microwatts b. Low-Q LC Circuit
335. Which circuit in the AM transmitter does the frequency c. Transmitter
translation? d. Circulator
a. Synthesizer 342. The most commonly used AM demodulator
b. Modulator a. Envelope detector
c. Mixer b. PLL
d. Booster c. Mixer
336. A phase modulator has Kp= 2 rad/V. What RMS voltage of d. Balanced modulator
a sine wave would cause a peak phase deviation of 30 343. Which is a disadvantage of direct FM generation?
degrees? a. The need for an AFC circuit
a. 0.158 V b. The need for an AGC circuit
b. 0.185 V c. Two balanced modulators are used
c. 0.518 V d. The use of Class A amplifier which is very
d. 0.815 V inefficient
337. In a phase-locked loop, VCO stands for 344. Frequency division is useful in the implementation of a/an
a. Variable capacitor oscillator a. AM demodulator
b. Varactor-capacitor oscillator b. Frequency synthesizer
c. Voltage-controlled oscillator c. AGC circuit
d. VHF control oscillator d. FM demodulator
338. Diagonal clipping in envelope detection will result in 345. A particular synthesizer which contains only a single
a. Distortion crystal is
b. Diagonal clipping a. Direct
c. Phase reversal b. Crystal-modulated
d. Amplitude damage c. Indirect
339. An AM transmitter supplies a 10 kW of carrier power to a d. Exact
50 ohm load. It operates at a carrier frequency of 1.2 MHz and 346. Type of emission most affected by selective fading
 a. FM and DSB AM b. Approximately equal to XL
b. SSB and TV c. Low, as compared to the circuit resistance
c. CCTV and CW d. Approximately equal to XC
d. CW and SSB 354. What are the three major oscillator circuits often used in
347. Which major element will not be found in every radio equipment?
superheterodyne receiver? a. Taft, Pierce, and negative feedback
a. RF amplifier b. Colpitts, Hartley, and Taft
b. IF amplifier c. Taft, Hartley, and Pierce
c. LO d. Colpitts, Hartley, and Pierce
d. Mixer 355. How is a positive feedback coupled to the input in a
348. A system uses a deviation of 100 kHz and a modulating Hartley oscillator?
frequency of 15 kHz. What is the approximate bandwidth? a. Through a neutralizing capacitor
a. 115 kHz b. Through a capacitive divider
b. 230 kHz c. Through a link coupling
c. 170 kHz d. Through a tapped coil
d. 340 kHz 356. How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a
349. A quadrature detector requires that Colpitts oscillator?
a. The inputs are coherent a. Through a tapped coil
b. Four gates are provided b. Trough link coupling
c. The inputs are in phase c. Through a capacitive divider
d. The inputs are similar d. Through a neutralizing capacitor
350. What is the power in one sideband of an AM signal whose 357. How is a positive feedback coupled to the input in a
carrier power is 300 W, with 80 percent modulation? Pierce oscillator?
a. 396 W a. Through a tapped coil
b. Zero b. Trough link coupling
c. 48 W c. Through a capacitive divider
d. 96 W d. Through a neutralizing capacitor
351. Determine the resonant frequency of a series combination 358. Which of the three major oscillator circuits used in radio
of a 0.001 microfarad capacitor and a 2 milihenry inductor. equipment utilizes a quartz crystal?
a. 112.5 kHz a. Negative feedback
b. 35.59 kHz b. Hartley
c. 1125.4 MHz c. Colpitts
d. 3.26 MHz d. Pierce
352. Which of the following is not a typical part of every radio 359. What is the piezoelectric effect?
transmitter? a. Mechanical vibration of a crystal by the application
a. Carrier oscillator of a voltage
b. Driver amplifier b. Mechanical deformation of a crystal by the
c. Mixer application of a magnetic field
d. Final power amplifier c. The generation of electrical energy by the
353. What is the approximate magnitude of the impedance of a application of light
parallel RLC circuit at resonance? d. Reversed conduction states when pn-junction is
a. Approximately equal to the circuit resistance exposed to light
360. What is the major advantage of a Pierce oscillator? c. The use of a capacitor in a power supply to filter
a. It is easy to neutralize rectified AC
b. It doesnt require an LC tank circuit d. The transmission of a radio signal to a distant
c. It can be tuned over a wide range station by several hops through the ionosphere
d. It has high output power 367. How can parasitic oscillations be eliminated from a power
361. Which type of oscillator circuit is commonly used in a amplifier?
VFO? a. By tuning for maximum SWR
a. Pierce b. By tuning for maximum power output
b. Colpitts c. By neutralization
c. Hartley d. By tuning the output
d. Negative feedback 368. If the spectrum is shifted in frequency with no other
362. Why is the Colpitts oscillator circuit commonly used in a changes, this is known as
VFO? a. Frequency multiplication
a. The frequency is a linear function of the load b. Sideband movement
impedance c. Baseband orientation
b. It can be used with or without crystal lock-in d. Frequency translation
c. It is stable 369. A device which is capable of causing frequency
d. It has high output power translation
363. How is the efficiency of a power amplifier determined? a. High-Q tank circuit
a. Efficiency = (RF power out / dc power in) x 100% b. Balanced modulator
b. Efficiency = (RF power in / RF power out) x 100% c. Low-Q tank circuit
c. Efficiency = (RF power in / dc power in) x 100% d. IF strip
d. Efficiency = (dc power in / RF power in) x 100% 370. If the frequency of each component in a signal spectrum
364. For reasonably efficient operation of a transistor amplifier, is increased by the same fixed amount, this is known as
what should be the load resistance be with 12 volts at the a. Up conversion
collector and a 5 watts power output? b. Demodulation
a. 100.3 ohms c. Frequency translation
b. 14.4 ohms d. Both a and c
c. 10.3 ohms 371. A particular amplifier is designed to be a frequency
d. 144 ohms doubler. If the input signal frequency is 15.4 MHz, a circuit in
365. What order of Q is required by a tank circuit sufficient to the output will be tuned to
reduce harmonics to an acceptable level? a. 7.7 MHz
a. Approximately 120 b. 15.4 MHz
b. Approximately 12 c. 30.8 MHz
c. Approximately 1200 d. 61.6 MHz
d. Approximately 1.2 372. Any device to be used as a frequency multiplier must be
366. What is the flywheel effect? a. Active
a. The continued motion of a radio wave through b. Passive
space when the transmitter is turned off c. Linear
b. The back and forth oscillation of electrons in an LC d. Nonlinear
circuit 373. A particular amplifier circuit used for frequency coupling is
known as
 a. Push-push c. Loudness controller
b. Push-pull d. All of the above
c. Pull-push 381. Class C amplifiers are not used in which type of
d. Pull-pull transmitter?
374. Frequency division is useful in the implementation of a a. AM
a. AM demodulation b. SSB
b. Frequency synthesizer c. CW
c. FM demodulator d. FM
d. AGC circuit 382. A circuit that isolates the carrier oscillator from load
375. Indirect frequency synthesizers will include changes is called a
a. phase-locked loop a. Final amplifier
b. voltage-controlled oscillators b. Driver amplifier
c. multiple bank crystals c. Linear amplifier
d. both A and B d. Buffer amplifier
376. A particular frequency synthesizer contains only a single 383. Bias for class c amplifier produced by an input RC
crystal. What words describe this synthesizer? network is known as
a. Crystal modulated a. Signal bias
b. Inexact b. Self-bias
c. Indirect c. Fixed external bias
d. Deficient d. Threshold bias
377. A recognizable feature of a CW transmitter is 384. Collector current in a class C amplifier is
a. Keyed transmitter a. Sine wave
b. Power amplification b. Half-sine wave
c. Frequency generation c. Pulse
d. All of the above d. Square wave
378. The term pulling refers to 385. Neutralizing is the process of
a. The change of the crystal oscillator frequency by a. Cancelling the effect of internal device capacitance
loading b. Bypassing undesired alternating current
b. One-half cycle operation of a push-pull amplifier c. Reducing gain
c. Loading on the transmitter caused by the antenna d. Eliminating harmonics
connection 386. In an AM transmitter, a clipper circuit eliminates
d. Reduction of the power supply terminal voltage as a. Harmonics
the transmitter is keyed b. Splatter
379. An AM broadcast transmitter in the multi-kilowatt c. Over-deviation
operating range will have what form of final amplifier? d. Excessive gain
a. Solid-state devices 387. The final power amplifier in an FM transmitter usually
b. Vacuum tubes operates class
c. Travelling wave tubes a. A
d. Both a and b b. B
380. In a broadcast station, the AGC is referred to as c. C
a. Automatic gain control limiter d. D
b. Compression amplifier 388. A transistor RF power amplifier can be tuned for
 a. Minimum IC in the next stage a doubler is 198 MHz, what frequency should the oscillator
b. Zero signal in the next stage operate?
c. Minimum IC in the same stage a. 11 MHz
d. Maximum IC in the same stage b. 33 MHz
389. The purpose of a balanced modulator circuit is to c. 22 MHz
eliminate the d. 66 MHz
a. Carrier 395. A phase-locked loop has a VCO with a free running
b. Upper sideband frequency of 14 MHz. As the frequency of the reference input
c. Lower sideband is gradually raised from zero, the loop locks at 12 MHZ and
d. Baseband signal comes out of lock again at 18 MHz. Calculate the lock range.
390. A frequency multiplier circuit a. 4 MHz
a. Operates class A b. 2 MHz
b. Is tuned to a harmonic of the input signal c. 12 MHz
c. Needs parasitic oscillations d. 8 MHz
d. Is usually pulse modulated 396. A crystal oscillator is accurate within 0.0005%. How far off
391. An IF transformer of a radio receiver operates at 456 kHz. frequency could its output be at 37 MHz?
The primary circuit has a Q of 50 and the secondary has a Q of a. 135 Hz
40. Find the bandwidth using the optimum coupling factor. b. 150 Hz
a. 10.192 kHz c. 185 Hz
b. 15.288 kHz d. 224 Hz
c. 152.88 kHz 397. A transmitter has a carrier power output of 10 W at an
d. 101.92 kHz efficiency of 80%. How much power must be supplied by the
392. A varactor has a maximum capacitance of 80pF and is modulating amplifier for 100% modulation?
used in a tuned circuit with a 100 microhenry inductor. Find the a. 6.25 W
tuning voltage necessary for the circuit to resonate at twice its b. 7.14 W
resonant frequency with no tuning voltage applied. c. 12.5 W
a. 5 V d. 14.3 W
b. 2.5 V 398. A transmitter operates from a 16 V supply, with a collector
c. 7.5 V current of 2 A. The modulation transformer has a turns ratio of
d. 4.25 V 4:1. What is the load impedance seen by the audio amplifier?
393. A phase-locked loop has a VCO with a free-running a. 96 ohms
frequency of 14 MHz. As the frequency of the reference input b. 128 ohms
is gradually raised from zero, the loop locks at 12 MHz and c. 6 ohms
comes out of lock again at 18 MHz. Calculate the capture d. 8 ohms
range. 399. A collector-modulated class C amplifier has a carrier
a. 4 MHz output power of 150 W and an efficiency of 80%. Calculate the
b. 2 MHz transistor power dissipation with 100% modulation.
c. 12 MHz a. 93. 75 W
d. 8 MHz b. 120 W
394. If the frequency fed to the pre-amplifier of a basic c. 64 W
transmitter with multipliers is composed of a pair of triplers and d. 56. 25 W
400. An AM transmitter is required to produce 20 W of carrier 406. What is the term used to refer to the condition where the
power when operating from a 25 V supply. What is the required signals from a very strong station are super imposed on the
load impedance as seen from the collector? other signals being received?
a. 15.625 ohms a. Intermodulation distortion
b. 22.5 ohms b. Cross-modulation interference
c. 11.25 ohms c. Receiver quieting
d. 31.25 ohms d. Capture effect
401. What is receiver desensitizing? 407. How can cross-modulation in a receiver be reduced?
a. A burst of noise when the squelch is set to low a. By installing a filter at the receiver
b. A burst of noise when the squelch is set to high b. By using a better antenna
c. A reduction in receiver sensitivity because of a c. By increasing the receivers RF gain while
strong signal on a nearby frequency decreasing the AF gain
d. A reduction in receiver sensitivity is turned down d. By adjusting the passband tuning
402. What is the term used to refer to the reduction of receiver 408. What is the result of cross-modulation?
gain caused by the signals of a nearby station transmitting in a. Decrease in modulation level of transmitted signals
the same frequency band? b. Receiver quieting
a. Desensitizing c. The modulation of an unwanted signal is heard on
b. Quieting the desired signal
c. Cross-modulation interference d. Inverted sidebands in the final stage of the amplifier
d. Squelch gain roll back 409. What is the capture effect?
403. What is the term used to refer to a reduction in receiver a. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an
sensitivity caused by unwanted high-level adjacent channel FM receiver
signals? b. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an
a. Intermodulation distortion AM receiver
b. Quieting c. The loudest signal received is the only
c. Desensitizing demodulated signal
d. Overloading d. The weakest signal received is the only
404. How can receiver desensitizing be reduced? demodulated signal
a. Ensure good RF shielding between the transmitter 410. What is a product detector?
and receiver a. A detector that provides local oscillator for input to
b. Increase the transmitter audio gain the mixer
c. Decrease the receiver squelch gain b. A detector that amplifies and narrows the bandpass
d. Increase the receiver bandwidth frequencies
405. What is cross-modulation interference? c. A detector that uses mixing process with a locally
a. Interference between two transmitters of different generated carrier
modulation types d. A detector used to detect cross-modulation
b. Interference caused by audio rectification in the products
receiver preamp 411. What is the term used to refer to the reception blockage of
c. Decrease the receiver squelch gain one FM-phone signal?
d. Modulation from an unwanted signal is heard in a. Desensitization
addition to the desired signal b. Cross-modulation interference
c. Capture effect
 d. Frequency discrimination 418. What occurs in a receiver when an excessive amount of
412. What is the process of detection? signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?
a. The process of masking out the intelligence on a a. Spurious mixer products are generated
received carrier to make an S-meter operational b. Mixer blanking occurs
b. The recovery of intelligence from the modulated RF c. Automatic limiting occurs
signal d. A beat frequency is generated
c. The modulation of a carrier 419. How much gain should be used in the RF amplifier stage
d. The mixing of noise with the received signal of a receiver?
413. What is the principle of detection in a diode detector? a. As much as possible short of self oscillation
a. Rectification and filtering of RF b. Sufficient gain to allow weak signals to overcome
b. Breakdown of the Zener voltage noise generated in the first mixer
c. Mixing with the noise in the transition region of the c. Sufficient gain to keep weak signals below the
diode noise of the first mixer stage
d. The change of reactance in the diode with respect d. It depends on the amplification factor of the first IF
to frequency stage
414. How are FM phone signals detected? 420. Why should the RF amplifier stage of a receiver only have
a. By a balanced modulator sufficient gain to allow weak signals to overcome noise
b. By a frequency discriminator generated in the first mixer stage?
c. By a product detector a. To prevent the sum and difference frequencies
d. By a phase splitter from being generated
415. What is the mixing process? b. To prevent bleed-through of the desired signal
a. The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by c. To prevent generation of spurious mixer products
phase comparison d. To prevent bleed-trough of the local oscillator
b. The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by 421. What is the primary purpose of an RF amplifier in a
phase differentiation receiver?
c. Distortion caused by aural propagation a. To provide most of the receiver gain
d. The combination of the two signals to produce sum b. To vary the receiver image rejection by utilizing the
and difference frequencies AGC
416. What is a frequency discriminator? c. To improve the receivers noise figure
a. A circuit for detecting FM signals d. To develop the AGC voltage
b. A circuit for filtering two closely adjacent signals 422. What is an IF amplifier stage?
c. An automatic band switching circuit a. A fixed-tuned passband amplifier
d. An FM generator b. A receiver demodulator
417. What are the principal frequencies which appear at the c. A receiver filter
output of a mixer circuit? d. A buffer oscillator
a. Two and four times the original frequency 423. What factors should be considered when selecting an
b. The sum, difference and square root of the input intermediate frequency?
frequencies a. A cross-modulation distortion and interference
c. The original frequencies and the sum and b. Interference to other services
difference frequencies c. Image rejection and selectivity
d. 1.414 and 0.707 times the frequency d. Noise figure and distortion
424. What is the primary purpose of the first IF amplifier stage c. Cross-modulation of the desired signal and
in a receiver? insufficient audio power to operate the speaker
a. A noise figure performance d. Oscillator instability and severe audio distortion of
b. Tune out cross-modulation distortion all but the strongest signal received signals
c. Dynamic response 430. What is the term for the ratio between the largest tolerable
d. Selectivity receiver input signal and the minimum discernible signal?
425. What is the primary purpose of the final IF amplifier stage a. Intermodulation distortion
in a receiver? b. Noise floor
a. Dynamic response c. Noise figure
b. Gain d. Dynamic range
c. Noise figure performance 431. What occurs during CW reception if too narrow a filter
d. Bypass undesired signals bandwidth is used in the IF stage of a receiver?
426. Which stage of a receiver primarily establishes its noise a. Undesired signals will reach the audio stage
figure? b. Output-offset overshoot
a. The audio stage c. Cross-modulation distortion
b. The IF stage d. Filter ringing
c. The RF stage 432. How can selectivity be achieved in the front and circuitry
d. The local oscillator of a communications receiver?
427. What is meant by the term noise figure in a a. By using an audio filter
communications receiver? b. By using a pre-selector
a. The level of noise entering the receiver from the c. By using an additional RF amplifier stage
antenna d. By using an additional IF amplifier stage
b. The relative strength of a strength of a received 433. How should the filter bandwidth of a receiver IF section
signal 3 kHz removed from the carrier frequency compare with the bandwidth of a received signal?
c. The level of noise generated in the front end and a. Filter bandwidth should be slightly greater than the
succeeding stages of a receiver received signal bandwidth
d. The ability of a receiver to reject unwanted signals b. Filter bandwidth should be approximately half the
at frequencies close to the desired one received signal bandwidth
428. The ability of a communications receiver to perform well in c. Filter bandwidth should be approximately two times
the presence of strong signals outside the band of interest is the received signal bandwidth
indicated by what parameter? d. Filter bandwidth should be approximately four times
a. Noise figure the received signal bandwidth
b. Blocking dynamic range 434. How can receiver selectivity be achieved in the IF circuitry
c. Signal-to-noise ratio of a communications receiver?
d. Audio output a. Incorporate a means of varying the supply voltage
429. What type problems are caused by poor dynamic range in to the local oscillator circuitry
a communications receiver? b. Replace the standard JFET mixer with a bipolar
a. Cross-modulation of the desired signal and transistor followed by a capacitor of the proper value
desensitization from strong adjacent signals c. Remove AGC action from the IF stage and confine
b. Oscillator instability requiring frequent returning, it to the audio stage only
and loss of ability to recover the opposite sideband d. Incorporate a high-Q filter
should it be transmitted
435. A receiver has a sensitivity of 0.6 microvolts and a 441. What parameter must be selected when designing an
blocking dynamic range of 60 dB. What is the strongest signal audio filter using an op-amp?
that can be present along with a 0.6 microvolt signal without a. Bandwidth characteristics
blocking taking place b. Desired current gain
a. 600 millivolts c. Temperature coefficient
b. 600 microvolts d. Output-offset overshoot
c. 300 millivolts 442. What two factors determine the sensitivity of a receiver?
d. 300 mircovolts a. Dynamic range and third-order intercept
436. An AM receiver is tuned to broadcast station at 600 kHz. b. Cost and availability
Calculate the image rejection in dB assuming that the input c. Intermodulation distortion and dynamic range
filter consists of one tuned circuit with a Q of 40? d. Bandwidth and noise figure
a. 19.28 dB 443. How can unwanted ringing and audio instability be
b. 39.65 dB prevented in a multi-section op-amp RC audio filter circuit?
c. 38.57 dB a. Restrict both gain and Q
d. 19.83 dB b. Restrict gain, but increase Q
437. A receiver has two uncoupled tuned circuits before the c. Restrict Q but increase gain
mixer, each with a Q of 75. The signal frequency is 100.1 MHz. d. Increase both gain and Q
The IF is 10.7 Mhz. The local oscillator uses high-side 444. What is meant by the dynamic range of a communications
injection. Calculate the image rejection ratio. receiver?
a. 23.69 dB a. The number of kHz between the lowest and the
b. 58.66 dB highest frequency to which the receiver can be tuned
c. 29.33 dB b. The maximum possible undistorted audio output of
d. 11.84 dB the receiver referenced to one milliwatt
438. What oscillator frequency is needed to heterodyne 626 c. The ratio between the minimum discernible signal
kHz up to 3.58 MHz? and the largest tolerable signal without causing
a. 2.954 MHz audible distortion products
b. 4.832 MHz d. The difference between the lowest frequency signal
c. 4.210 MHz detectable without moving the tuning knob
d. 2.328 MHz 445. Where is the noise which primarily determines the signal-
439. What is the undesirable effect of using too wide a filter to-noise ratio in a VHF (150 MHz) marine band receiver
bandwidth in the IF section of a receiver? generated?
a. Output-offset overshoot a. In the receiver front end
b. Undesired signals will reach the audio stage b. Man-made noise
c. Thermal noise distortion c. In the atmosphere
d. Filter ringing d. In the ionosphere
440. What is the limiting condition for sensitivity in a 446. An AM receiver uses a diode detector for demodulation.
communications receiver? This enables it satisfactorily to receive
a. the noise floor of the receiver a. Single-sideband, suppressed carrier (J3E)
b. the power supply output ripple b. Single-sideband, reduced carrier (R3E)
c. the two-tone intermodulation distorting c. ISB(B8E)
d. the input impedance to the detector d. Single-sideband, full carrier (H3E)
447. Three-point tracking is achieved with
 a. Variable selectivity 454. It is the process of changing the amplitude of a relative
b. The padder capacitor high frequency carrier signal in proportion with the
c. Double spotting instantaneous value of the modulating signal.
d. Double conversion a. frequency modulation
448. A receiver has poor IF selectivity. It will therefore also b. digital modulation
have poor c. phase modulation
a. Blocking d. analog modulation
b. Double-spotting 455. Most of the power in an AM signal is in the
c. Diversity reception a. carrier
d. Sensitivity b. upper sideband
449. If a FET is used as the first AF amplifier in a transistor c. lower sideband
receiver, this will have the effect of d. modulating signal
a. Gain variation over the frequency coverage range 456. Amplitude modulation is the same as
b. Insufficient gain and selectivity a. linear mixing
c. Inadequate selectivity at high frequencies b. analog multiplexing
d. Instability c. signal summation
450. The image frequency of a superheterodyne receiver d. multiplexing
a. Is created within the receiver itself 457. The shape of the amplitude-modulated wave is called
b. Is due to insufficient adjacent channel rejection ______.
c. Is not rejected by the IF tuned circuits a. sidebands
d. Is independent of the frequency to which receiver is b. modulating signal
tuned c. envelope
451. The process of impressing a low frequency information d. carrier signal
signals onto a high-frequency carrier signal is called _____. 458. In a diode modulator, the negative half of the AM wave is
a. demodulation supplied by
b. oscillation a. tuned circuit
c. modulation b. transformer
d. amplification c. capacitor
452. A silicon varactor diode exhibits a capacitance of 200pF d. inductor
at zero bias. If it is in parallel with a 60-pF capacitor and a 200- 459. It is a term used to describe the amount of amplitude
uH inductor, calculate the range of resonant frequency as the change present in an AM waveform.
diode varies through a reverse bias of 3 to 15V. a. coefficient of modulation
a. 679 kHz to 2.13 MHz b. modulation index
b. 966 kHz to 1.15 MHz c. depth of modulation
c. 355 kHz to 3.12 MHz d. any of these
d. 143 kHz to 4.53 MHz 460. When the modulation index in an AM wave is greater than
453. A process where the received signal is transformed into one it will cause _______.
its original form. a. buck-shot
a. demodulation b. splatter
b. damping c. overmodulation
c. amplification d. any of these
d. oscillation 461. The ideal value of modulation index in AM.
 a. 1 c. low-level modulation
b. 0 d. high-level modulation
c. 100 468. If a superheterodyne receiver is tuned to a desired signal
d. infinity at 1000kHz and its conversion (local) oscillator is operating at
462. When the amplitude of the information in an AM 1300kHz, what would be the frequency of an incoming signal
modulator is equal to zero, what is the value of the modulation that would possibly cause image reception?
index? a. 1600 kHz
a. 1 b. 2300 kHz
b. 0 c. 1250 kHz
c. 100 d. 3420 kHz
d. infinity 469. When modulation requires a much higher amplitude
463. Amplitude modulation can be produced by modulating signal to achieve a reasonable percent modulation,
a. having the carrier vary a resistance this is called
b. having the modulating signal vary a capacitance a. high-level modulation
c. varying the carrier frequency b. low-level modulation
d. varying the gain of the amplifier c. zero-modulation
464. When the modulation index is equal to zero, the total d. constant modulation
transmitted power is equal to ________. 470. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier amplitude with
a. one of the sidebands the modulating signal by passing it through an attenuator work
b. carrier on principle of
c. double sidebands a. rectification
d. an AM wave b. resonance
465. When the modulation takes place prior to the output c. variable resistance
element of the final stage of the transmitter, prior to the d. absorption
collector of the output transistor in a transistorized transmitter, 471. A circuit which function is to raise the amplitude of the
this is called ______. source signal to a usable level while producing minimum
a. high-level modulation nonlinear distortion adding as little thermal noise as possible.
b. low-level modulation a. power amplifier
c. zero-modulation b. non-linear amplifier
d. constant modulation c. buffer amplifier
466. A circuit that monitors the received signal level and sends d. preamplifier
a signal back to the RF and IF amplifiers to adjust their gain 472. A circuit that has a low-gain, high-input impedance linear
automatically. amplifier which is used to isolate the oscillator from the high-
a. automatic phase control power amplifiers.
b. automatic gain control a. power amplifier
c. automatic frequency control b. bandpass filter
d. automatic volume control c. signal driver
467. When the modulation takes place in the final element of d. buffer amplifier
the final stage where the carrier signal is at its maximum 473. With high-level transmitters, which of the following is not a
amplitude, it is called _____. primary function of the modulator circuit?
a. constant modulation a. it provides the capacity necessary for modulation to
b. zero-modulation occur
 b. it serves as a final amplifier 480. A receiver has a dynamic range of 81 dB. It has 0.55nW
c. it serves as a frequency up-converter sensitivity. Determine the maximum allowable input signal.
d. it serves as a mixer a. 59 mW
474. It is a form of amplitude distortion introduced when b. 69 mW
positive and negative alternations in the AM modulated signal c. 79 mW
are not equal. d. 88 mW
a. phase shift 481. The information sources modulate the same carrier after it
b. carrier shift has been separated into two carrier signals are at 90 degrees
c. amplitude variations out of phase with each other.
d. frequency shift a. QPSK
475. A carrier is simultaneously modulated by two sine waves b. QUAM
with modulation indices of 0.3 and 0.4, the total modulation c. PSK
index d. FSK
a. is 1 482. Demodulating quadrature AM signal requires a carrier
b. cannot be calculated unless the phase relations are recovery circuit to reproduce the original carrier frequency and
known phase and two balanced modulators to actually demodulate
c. is 0.5 the signals. This is called ________.
d. is 0.7 a. asynchronous detection
476. The component used to produce AM AT very high b. quadrature demodulation
frequencies is a c. synchronous detection
a. varactor d. quadrature detection
b. thermistor 483. Quadrature amplitude modulation is also known as
c. cavity resonator ________.
d. PIN diode a. phase division multiplexing
477. It is also known as upward modulation b. phase division modulation
a. carrier shift c. phase amplitude multiplexing
b. amplitude variations d. phase angle modulation
c. frequency shift 484. Amplitude modulation generated at a very low voltage or
d. phase shift power amplitude is known as
478. Also known as downward modulation a. high-level modulation
a. carrier shift b. low-level modulation
b. amplitude variations c. collector modulation
c. frequency shift d. minimum modulation
d. phase shift 485. It is the first stage of the receiver and is therefore often
479. It is a form of amplitude modulation where signals from called the receiver front end.
two separate information sources modulate the same carrier a. mixer
frequency at the same time without interfering with each other. b. RF section
a. QPSK c. local oscillator
b. QUAM d. IF stage
c. PSK 486. In an SSB transmitter, one is most likely to find a
d. FSK a. class C audio amplifier
b. tuned modulator
 c. class B RF amplifier b. m = 1
d. class A RF output amplifier c. m < 1
487. The section of the receiver than down-converts the d. m > 1
received RF frequencies to intermediate frequencies. 494. Why are limiters used in FM receivers?
a. RF section a. provide better noise performance
b. local oscillator b. clip noise peaks
c. power amplifier c. prevent overdrive of discriminators
d. mixer d. any of these
488. The circuit that demodulates the AM wave and converts it 495. Why are limiters used in FM transmitters?
to the original information signal. a. clip noise peaks
a. power amplifier b. prevent overdrive of discriminators
b. local oscillator c. prevent overdeviation
c. detector d. any of these
d. IF section 496. It is defined as the difference in decibels between the
489. A collector modulator has a supply voltage of 48 V. The minimum input level necessary to discern the signal and the
peak-to-peak amplitude of the modulating signal for 100 input level that will overdrive the receiver and produce
percent modulation is distortion.
a. 24 V a. dynamic range
b. 48 V b. noise figure
c. 96 V c. bandwidth efficiency
d. 120 V d. bandwidth improvement
490. What signals might feed into an FM broadcast station 497. It is the input power range over which the receiver is
audio control console? useful.
a. microphones a. dynamic range
b. turntables b. noise figure
c. remote lines c. bandwidth efficiency
d. any of these d. bandwidth improvement
491. The noise reduction ratio achieved by reducing the 498. It is defined as the output power when the RF amplifier
bandwidth is called response is 1-dB less than the ideal linear gain response.
a. dynamic range a. 1-dB compression point
b. noise figure b. 1-dB threshold point
c. bandwidth efficiency c. 1-dB shoot-off point
d. bandwidth improvement d. 1-dB pinch-off point
492. It is the minimum RF signal level that can be detected at 499. It is the measure of the ability of a communications
the input to the receiver and still produce a usable system to produce, at the output of the receiver, an exact
demodulated information signal. replica of the original source information.
a. selectivity a. sensitivity
b. sensitivity b. threshold
c. Q-factor c. selectivity
d. bandwidth d. fidelity
493. For ideal AM, which of the following is true
a. m = 0