Qopvcmous ToL Chapel SEB at sav CON VIEW ANSWERS 1.1 Yes. Momentum is a vector quantity, and the momenta of the two cars are in opposite directions. 1.2 You reduce the force by in- creasing the length of time it takes to stop the motion of your body. 1.3 The raindrop, because a su- pertanker at rest has zero momen- tum 1.4 Critical Thinking: The ones that bounce off give more impulse because they end up with some momentum in the reverse direc- tion, meaning they have a larger change in momentum, Gey a> CONCEPT REVIEW ANSWERS 2.1 Since the intial total momen. Um must be zero, their inal mo. nnenta were equalland epposte 2.2 Since the mass of the racket is much targer than that of the ball, only a small change in its velocity is required. In addition, itis being held by @ massive, moving arm. 2.3 In the case of the skateboard, the ball, the skateboard, and you are an ‘isolated system, and the momentum of the ball is shared. In the second case, unless Earth is included, there is an external force, 50 momentum is not conserved. If Earih’s large mass is included in the system, the change in its ve- locity is negligible impulsive force of Joe arth ac- posite ver- Ze Aical moméntum. 2.5 Critical Thinking: The puck’s ‘Atum changed to its perpendics ( the orig: Pack thp-ainer in the arection of ong puck. 7 ing the ine that bie was moving 90% getiection an sects the puck ale. 0 ——= arava to( 04 42 REVIEWING-ConcEPTS’ — 1. Yes. In order for a bullet to have the same momentum as a truck, it must have a higher veloc- lty such that msiter = MVevce 2. a, The pitcher and catcher ex- ert the same impulse on the bail, but the two impulses are opposite in direction. b. The catcher exerts the larger force on the ball, be- cause the time interval over which the force is exerted is smaller. 3. No net force on the system Means no“net impuise on the sys- tem and no net change in momen- tum. However, individual parts of the system may have @ change in momentum as long as the net change in momentum is zero, 4. Cars are made with bumpers that retract during a crash in order ~ 10 increase the time of a collision, reducing the force 5. An isolated system has no ex- ternal forces acting on it. 6. A conservation law states that a quantity is the same before and after an interaction, 7, Momentum is conserved. The change in momentum af gases in ‘one direction must be balanced by an equal change in momentum of the spacecraft in the opposite ci- rection. 8. The eight ball must be moving with the same velocity that the cue ball had just before the collision, 9. a. The momentum of a faling ball_is not conserved because there is a net external force, grav- ity, acting on it. b. One such sys- tem in which total momentum is Conserved includes the ball plus Earth. 192 chapter rs 40. The intemal force of a car brakes can bring the car to a stop -by stopping the wheels and allow: i Py Spe exornal bona force 19 road against the tres fo stop FS ae i there no ction, for we ef the road 1s 1), then FED eho oxtemal force and te tar does not stop ‘ Mowe veka ancl) ts Cornsacvastion LA ~ yy Anavers es War— 3 > APPLYING CONCEPTS 1. Yes. If the smaller force acts for a long enough time, it can pro- vide a larger impulse, 2. You should move your hands in the same direction the ball is traveling to increase the time of the collision, reducing the force. 3. The bullet is in the ile a longer time, so the momentum it gains is larger. 4. His momentum is transferred to Earth. Both Jim and Earth to- gether must be considered as a system in order to use conserva- tion of momentum, 5. When the gas pistol is fired in the opposite direction, it provides the impulse needed to move the astronaut toward the capsule. 6. Consider the system to be the ball and wall (and Earth). The wall and Earth gain some momentum in the collision. 7. By shooting mass, exhaust gas, at high velocity in the same direction in which you are moving, its momentum would cause your ship's momentum to be decreased 8. If the two trucks had equal masses, they would have moved off at half the speed. Thus the moving truck must have had a more massive load 9, Held loosely, the recoil mo- mentum of the rile works against only the mass of the rifle, produc- ing a larger velocity and strik- ing your shoulder smartly. When held firmly against your shoulder, the recoil momentum must work against the mass of the rifle and yourself, resutting in a smaller ve- locity. 10. Momentum is conserved, so the momentum of the block and bullet after the collision equals the momentum of the bullet_ before. The rubber bullet has @ negative momentum after impact with re- spect to the block, so the block's momentum must be greater in this case. Bouncing beats sticking. 11. Rebounding presents the greater danger because it requires @ greater change in momentum and, therefore, a greater impulseChapter 9: Momentum and its Conservation Practice Problems page 178 1. A compact car, mass 725 kg, is moving at +100 km/h, a, Find its momentum. 100 km/h = 27.8 mis, p= mv = (725 kg)(27.8 m/s) 2.02 X 10* kg- mis b. At what velocity is the momentum of a larger car, mass 2175 kg, equal to that of the smaller car? (2.02 x 10" kg-mis) (@i75 Fe) = 9.29 m/s = 33.4 kmh v= pim page 179 2. A snowmobile has a mass of 2.50 X 10? kg. A constant force is exerted on it for 60.0 s. The snowmobile's initial velocity is 6.00 m/s and its final velocity 28.0 mys a, What is its change in momentum? Ap = mv; -v) (250 kg)(28.0 mys ~ 6.0 m/s) = 5.50 X10? kg: m/s b. What is the magnitude of the force exerted on it? (5.50 x 10° kg-m/s) (60.08) F = ApjAt = 917 N 3, The brakes exert a 6.40 x 10% N force on a car weighing 15 680 N and moving at 20.0 m/s. ‘The car finally stops. a, What is the car's mass. (1S 680.N) _ WEAUCK Rana} 1.60 X 10° kg Chapter 9 Practice Problems b. What is its initial momentum? ‘my, = (1600 g)(20.0 m/s) 3.20 X 10" kg-m/s ¢. What is the change in the car's momentum? 1 — p= 0 ~ 3.20 X 10 kg m/s = 3.20 10* ke m/s 4p 4. How long does the braking force act on the car to bring it to a halt? Fat = Ap, At = ApiF 20 X 10¢ kg- m/s) = 6.40 X10" N) Figure 9-1 shows, as a function of time, the force exerted by a ball that collided with a box at rest. The impulse, FAs, is the area under the curve. a. Find the impulse given to the box by the ball Fat = Arca (62.5 squares)(0.100 N- s/square) = 525 Nes. b. If the box has a mass of 2.4 kg, what velocity did it have after the collision? Ap = mAY with ap = Fat, so arate Momenun ands Conenatin 1Practice Problems page 185 5. 12 ‘A 0.105-kg hockey puck moving at 48 m/s is caught by a 75-kg goalie at rest. With what speed docs the goalie slide on the ice? Pot Py = Pal + Py OF Mv + MyM vy! + my" Since v, = 0, my = Cn, + mv where v’ =v,’ = v,/ is the common final speed of goalie and puck. bo mye wm +m) (0105 kg)(48 m/s}(0.105 kg + 75 kg) 0.067 mis ‘A 35.0-g bullet strikes a 5.0-kg stationary ‘wooden block and embeds itself in the block. The block and bullet fly off together at 8.6 mjs, What was the original velocity of the bullet? Img + May = (my + mv’ where v" is the common final velocity of bullet and wooden block. Since vy = 0, My = (my + mv", (0.035 kg + 5.0 kg)(8.6 mis) (0.035 kg) 1.2 x 10° m/s ‘A 35.0-g bullet moving at 475 m/s strikes a 2.5-ke wooden block. The bullet passes through the block, leaving at 275 m/s. The block was at rest when it was hit. How fast is it moving when the bullet leaves? My + ae = MAY + Mave’ With Vy gl = te = mane”) _ talve_= vn") Ty Te _ (0.035 ka)(475 m/s ~ 275 mis) = "5 ke) ~ = 28 m/s Chapter 9 | Practice Problems 8& A 0.50-kg ball traveling at 6.0 m/s collides head-on with a 1.00-kg ball moving in the ‘opposite direction at a velocity of — 12.0 mis. ‘The 0.50-kg ball moves away at ~ 14 m/s after the collision, Find the velocity of the second ball. Imyvq + Mave = MyVa’ + Maa” 80 Vp eWay + Man mava’) = 1(0.50 kg)(6.0 mis) + (1.00 kg)(— 12.0 m/s) = (0.50 ka)(~ 14 m/s}V/(1.00 kg) = =20 ms page 188 9. A 4,00-kg model rocket is launched, shooting 50.0 g of burned fuel from its exhaust at an ‘average velocity of 625 m/s. What is the velocity of the rocket after the fuel has bumed? Agnore effects of gravity and air resistance.) i+ P= pi’ + py" where p, + Pe= 0. Tf tho initial mass of the rocket (including fuel) is m, = 4.00 kg, then the final mass of the rocket is = 4.00 kg - 0,050 kg = 3.95 kg. 625 m/s) (G.95 ke) = 791 m/s 10, A. thread holds two cans together on 2 frictionless surface as in Figure 9-12 A compressed spring cis upon the carts. After the thread is. bumed, the 1.5-kg cart moves with a velocity of 27 cm/s to the left. What is the velocity ofthe 45-Kg car? Pat pr "with Da + Pa On” + Pr aval = (LS kg)(~27 emis) ts @.5ke) 9.0 emvs, or 9.0 ems to the right. $0 Va Momentum and Its ConservationPractice Problems page 189 11, Two campers dock a canoe, One camper steps ‘onto the dock. This camper has a mass of 80.0 kg and moves forward at 4.0 mys. With what speed and direction do the canoe and the other camper move if their combined mass is 110 kg? Pat pa = Pa’ + pa’ with Py + Po ava! = Tavs", 50 + cima’ = (80.0 kg)(4.0 mis) Hi0 kg) = -29 m/s, or 29 mis in the opposite diection 12, A colonial gunner sets up his 225-kg cannon at the edge of the flat top of @ high tower. It shoots a 4.5-kg cannon ball horizontally. The ball hits the ground 215 m from the base of the tower. The cannon also moves, on frictionless wheels, and falls off the back of the tower, landing on the ground. a, What is the horizontal distance of the cannon’s landing, measured from the base of the back of the tower? Both the cannon and the ball fall to the ground in the same time from the same fg intl in, etl oes 2if'm, te came an ikon dgance te wit cat x Now ta 2 2M cy wee fe] ame eomrvaton of momen (4.5 ke)voan = ~ (225 KE)Vernnoes 80 _ G5 kg) = sk 4.8 ‘Thus x (53 (215 m) b. Why do you not need to know the width of the tower? While on top, the cannon moves with no friction, and its velocity doesn't change, so it can tke any amount of time to reach the ack edge. Chapter 9 Practice Problems page 191 13. A 132S-kg car moving -nérth at 27.0 mis collides with a 2165-kg car moving east at 17.0 mys. ‘They stick’together. Draw a vector diagram of the collision, In what direction and with what speéd do they move after the cant / 58x 10° «mis 1p, = 358% 108g mile Px + Py = p’(wector sum) Dy = myys = (1325 kg)(27.0 m/s) 348 X 10! ke-m/s ‘mY = (2165 g)(17.0 m/s) © 3,68 X 10! kg-m/s = Px _ 358% 10 kg m/s _ aa Onn ‘568 X 10 kg- m/s ~ 6 = 44.2°, north of east OF = Ox? + Oe? = G58 X 10 kg-mis)? + G68 x 10" kg-m/sy? = 2.64 x 10° ke? m*js*, 5.13 X 10* kg-m/s_~ mv" = (my + may’, 0.973, ~. 2 Y Grin + = (9.13% 10" kg-m/s) © (eas kg +2165 ke) 147 mys Momentum and Its Conservation 3Practice Problems 14, A 6.0-kg object, A, moving collides with 2 6.0-kg gbjéct, B, at rest. After the collision, A moves”off in a direction 40.0° to the left of its tiginal direction. B moves 50.0° to the right of A's ‘a vector diagram and determine the enta of object A and object B after the ma) (6.0 kg)(3.0 m/s) = 18 kg- m/s f, cos 40° = (18 kg-m/s) cos 40° ‘Px Sin 40° = (18 kg-m/s) sin 40° 14 kg- m/s ) Px sin 40° = (18 kg: m/s) sin 40° = 12 kg-mis 'b. What is the velocity of each object after the collision? ee / Cc pal = mw / pal _ 4 bowls) ™ yo 23 mys, 46° to left 12_kg- m/s) (0 Ee) ? ~€'2.0 mjs, 50° to right 2 14 Chapter 9 Momentum and Its Conservation “locity 3.0 mis, } 15. Chapter Review Problems °2} Practice Problems ‘A stationary billiard ball of mass 0.17 kg is struck by a second, identical ball moving at 4.0 mis. After the collision, the second ball moves off in a direction 60% to the left of its original direction, The stationary ball moves off in a direction 30°“to the right of the second ball's criginal giféction, What is the velocity of each bull gr the collision? sum) with p, = 0 ma '9)(4.0 m/s) = 0.68 kg: m/s pi’ = ps sin 60% mv", = my, sin 60°, vy! =v; Si 4.0 ms) sin 60° 3,5 m/s, 30° to right ‘pr cs 60°, mv’, = mvs cos 60°, vy; cos 60° = (4.0 m/s) cos 60° Pi wi 7) = 2.0 ms, 60° to left Jenny asa mass of 35.6 kg and her skateboard has a mass of 13 kg. What is Jenny and her skateboard’s momentum if they are going 9.50 m/s? Total mass is 35.6 kg + 1.3 kg = 369 kg ‘my = (36.9 kgy(9.50 m/s) = 351 kg m/s ‘A hockey player makes a slap shot, exerting a force of 30,0 N on the hockey puck for 0.16 s. What impulse is given to the puck? FAt = (30.0 NY(0.16 s) = 4.8 kg-misi Chapter Review Problems 3. The hockey puck shot in Problem 2 has a mass of 0.115 kg and was at rest before the shot. With what speed does it head toward the goal? FAL. 4.8 ke mls Far = may, s0 av = Fal 5 $8 tel = 42 ms 4. A force of 6.00 N acts on a 3,00-kg object for 2 1000. | a. What is the objects change in momentum? Imiy = FAs = (600 N)(100 8) = 60.0 N-s b, What is its change in velocity? mv = Fat, 80 FAL Nes fe Ay SE S00 kg” 7200 mvs 5. The velocity of a 600-ke auto is changed from +10.0 mis to 440 mvs in 68.0 s by an applied, constant force. 4. What change in momentum does the force produce? ap = may | (600 kg)(44.0 avs - 10.0 m/s) | = 208 X10! N-s 5 b. What is the magnitude of the force? Far = mv, 30 | my | 2.04 X108N-s _ | Fe BGs 7 HON 6. A 845-kg drag race car accelerates from rest to 100 kaw in 0,90 seconds 10. a. What is the change in momentum of the my = (845 x0 [ [100 2] 1000 m)f 1b) T kam) [3600 3 = 2.35 x 10 kg-mvs Chapter 9 Chapter Review Problems 'b. What average force is exerted on the car? Far = may, 80 po May _ 235% 10¢ kg-m's “hr O.50 =2.6X 10° N A. sprinter with a mass of 76 kg accelerates from 0 to 9.4 m/s in 28 s. Find the average force acting on the runner. may = (16 kg\(9.4 m/s ~ 0) = 71 X10 kg-mvs Fat = mAv, s0 =26X1EN A 0.25-kg soccer ball is rolling 6.0 m/s toward a player. The player kicks the ball back in the ‘opposite direction and gives it a velocity of 14 mis, What is the average force during the ‘interaction between the player's foot and the ball if the interaction lasts 2.0 X 102 s? Far = mv, so p= MAY _ (0:25 ke 14 ms) — (6.0 m/s)} ‘Br ZOX 10S = -25 x10: N A force of 1.21 X 10° N is needed to bring 2 car moving at +22.0 mvs to a halt in 20.0 5? ‘What is the mass of the car? mmby = Fs, 0 - FAL a 21.10 X 10 kg ‘Small rockets are used to make small adjustments in the speed of satellites. One such rocket has a thrust of 35 N. If it is fired to change the velocity of a 72 000-kg spacecraft by 63 cm/s, how long should it be fired? FAL = mav, so =13 X10 s or about 22 min Momentum and Its Conservation usChapter Review Problems 11. A 10 000-kg freight car is rolling along a track at 3,00 m/s. Calculate the time needed for a force of 1000 N to stop the car. may Fat = mbv, so dt = ™ Av = ¢— y= 0 ~ 3.00 mys and F = ~1000 N (the negative sign is because it is a retarding force), therefore ‘ay = 0.000 kg) (~ 3.00 m5) 39,9 5 1000 N) 12. A car moving at 10 m/s crashes into a barrier and stops in 0.25 m. a. Find the time required to stop the car. y d= Hort vy, 0 2d _ 2(0.25_m) yeu 0+ 10 m/s = 5.0 x 107s b, Ifa 20-kg child were to be stopped in the same time as the car, what average force must be exerted? FAt = mAv, so p= Mav _ (20 kg)(0— 10 mvs) a7 30X10 § = -40 K 10 N c. Approximately what is the mass of an object ‘whose weight equals the force from part b? Could you lift such a mass with your arm? W = mg, s0 0 X10°N SORA = A x 108 kg d. What does your answer to part ¢ say about holding an infant on your lap instead of using a separate infant restraint? Holding the child on your lap is dangerous to both the child and yourself. 6 Chapter 9 Chapter Review Problems 13, Ma Momentum and Its Conservation ‘An animal-rescue plane flying due cast at 36.0 m/s drops a bale of hay from an altitude ‘of 60.0 m, If the bale of hay weighs 175 N, what is the momentum of the bale the moment it strikes the ground? First use projectile motion to find the velocity of the bale i = 36.0 mis i? + dg, 50 Pil = YO CDN FBO (LIEXIO MF = 34.3 mis firsve = (360m + G43 mip 97 mis Now find the mass from w = mg, so 179 kg my = (17.9 kg)(49.7 mys) = 888 kg-m/s Now the angle from the two velocities. 2% Sms tan O= SC = 36.0 ‘The momentum is 888 kg-m/s at 43.6° below horizontal 9 = 43.6" A 10-kg lead brick falls from a height of 2.0 m. a. Find its momentum as it reaches the ground, 2 + Ded, 80 vy = ied = YOR MICO m) = 6.3 m/s ‘my = (10 kg)(6.3 mis) = 63 kg- m/s b. What impulse is needed to bring the brick to rest? FAt = mdy = 63 Nsi Chapter Review Problems 15. Chapter Review Problems ©. The brick falls onto a carpet, 1.0 em thick, | 16, Assuming the force stopping it is constant, find the ‘average force the carpet exerts on the brick. a= hos vs 0 30% + We 2d _2(0.010 m) _ an || Wen O+6s mis 2X1 s | Fat = mAv, so | may _ _63 kg-m/s 7 FOG = 32R IO 5 = 20 XIE If the brick falls onto a 5.0-om foam rubber pad, what constant force is needed to bring it to rest? = —2d__ _2(0.050_m) e Wr 0+ 6.3 m/s ~ 16 *IOs may . rome Ox1eN | A 6O-kg dancer leaps 0.32 m high, a, With what momentum does the dancer reach the ground? v2 = v8 + 2¢d, so ve = Yad = VITRO MAH OSI A = 25 mis 17. my = (60 kg)(2.5 mis) = 1.5 X 10? kg-m/s 'b. What impulse is needed to make a stop? Ft = mAy = 15 X 108 Ns © As the dancer lands, the knees bend, lengthening the time required to stop to 0.050 s. Find the average force exerted on the body. Fat = 15 X10 Nes, 80 pw ESX1O*N'S | 15108 Neg ery] 0.050 s = 30x 10-N Compare the stopping force tothe performer's weight. W = mg = (60 kgX9.80 mist) 59 x1EN or the force is about 5 times the weight. Chapter 9 ‘A 95-kg fullback running at 8.2 m/s collides in midair with a 128g defensive tackle moving in the ‘opposite direction. Both players end up with zero speed. a. What was the fullback’s momentum before the collision? my = (95 kg)(8.2 m/s) = 7.8 X 10? kg-m/s b What was the change in the fullback's ‘momentum? 0 ~ 7.8 x 10 kg-m/s = -78 X10 kg-m/s cc. What was the ‘momentum? change in the tackle's “78 X 10" kgs mis 4. What was the tackles original momentum? 78 X 108 kg mis ©. How fast was the tackle moving originally? my = 78 X 108 kg-m/s, so 18X10 kg-m/s _ = RE = 6.1 mys A glass ball, ball A, of mass 5.0 g moves at a velocity of 20.0 cm/s. It collides with a second glass ball, ball B, of mass 10.0 g moving along the same line with a velocity of 10,0 om/s. After the collision, ball A is still moving but with a velocity of 8.0 cm/s, a. What was the original momentum of ball A? (5.0 10° kg)(0.200 m/s} 1.0 X 10° kg-mjs Bb. What is the change in momentum of ball A? mdvy = (5.0 x 10° e)(0.080 mys ~ 0.200 m/s) = —6.0 x 10+ kg-m/s cc. What is the change in momentum of ball 8? 46.0 X 104 kg-m/s Momentum and lis Conservation 7Chapter Review Problems @ What is the momentum of ball B after the collision? mye = mv, + Amy = (10.0 x10 g}(0.100 mys) + 6.0 X 104 kg: m/s = 1.60 X 10° kg: mys fe. What is ball B's speed after the collision? my = 1,60 X 10? kg-m/s, so 1.6 X 10 kg-m/s SF0.0 x10 kg O60 mvs 16.0 cms 18, Before a collision, a 25-kg object is moving at ‘+12 m/s, Find the impolse that acted on this object if after the collision it moves at a. +80 m/s. FAt = my = (25 kg)(8.0 m/s - 12 m/s) = = 1.0 X10! kg: m/s b. 8.0 mis. FAL = mAv = Q5 kg)(-8.0 m/s ~ 12 m/s) 0X 10 kg- m/s 19. A 2575 kg van runs into the back of an 825-kg compact car at rest. They move off together at 8.5 m/s. Assuming no friction with the ground, find the initial speed of the van. Pat Pa= Pa’ + Po” Ma = (mg + mg)v" SO (ry + me), 515 ip = ms ng Chapter 9 Chapter Review Problems | 20. A 15-g bullet is shot into a S085 g wooden block standing on a frictionless surface, The block, with the bullet in it, acquires a velocity of 1.0 m/s, Calculate the velocity of the bullet before striking the block. iy + Made = (My + MMM IE Ye Gy + may (15 g + 5085 g)(1.0 ms) 158 34 x 108 m/s 21. A hockey puck, mass 0.115 kg, moving at 35.0 m/s, slides into an octopus thrown on the ice by a fan, The octopus has a mass of 0.265 kg. The puck and octopus slide off rogether, Find their velocity. yyy + May = (ty + mV", 8D (0.115 kg)(35_m/s) TIS kg + 0.265 kg ame Oy +My = 10.6 ms 22, A 50-kg woman is riding on 2 10-kg cart, and is moving east at 5.0 m/s. The woman jumps off the cart and hits the ground at 7.0 m/s eastward, relative to the ground. Calculate the velocity of the cart after she jumps off. Let east be positive, (ing + my = mavy! + mye! 80 fm, + ml y—mva" {50 kg+10 Kg(5.0 m/s)~(50 g)(7.0 m/s) 10K mis or 5.0 m/s, west * Momentum and Its Conservation23. 25. FP chapier Review Problems Two students on roller skates stand face-to-face, then push each other away. One student hhas a mass of 90 kg, the other 60 kg. Find the ratio of their velocities just after their hands lose contact. Which student has the greater speed? Py + Py =0 v4 M5" + Pa’, soma’ + mya” ‘The negative sign shows that the velocities are in opposite directions. The student with the smaller mass has the larger velocity, ‘A car with mass 1245 kg moving at 29 mys, strikes a 2175-Kg car at rest. If the two cars stick together, with what speed do they move? Pa + Pa= Pa’ + Pa’, , , igva + Miva = my," + mye’ = (My + my)’ MAY 5 1245 kg)(29 m/s) PS Ging + ig) ~ T1245 kg + 2173 ka) 0 m/s A 92-Kg fullback running at 5.0 m/s, attempts to dive across the goal line for a touchdown. Just as he reaches the goal line, he is met head-on in midair by two 75-kg linebackers, one ‘moving at 2.0 m/s and the other at 4.0 m/s. If they all become entangled as one mass, with ‘what velocity do they travel? Does the fullback score? Pat Prt Po= Pn’ + Pr’ + pc 7 , MAVa + Maa + MeV = MAVy’ + Mavy’ + MeVe" = (My + My + mV Minin + Miva + Mee = Vy + my + Mme) yh Mava + myry + meve) (mig + itty + tic) = (92 ke)(5.0 mis) + (75 kg)(-2.0 m/s) + (75 kg) 4.0 m/s) . (2 kg + 75 kg + 75 Ke) = 0.041 m/s, over the goal line — touchdown! A 5.00-g bullet is fired with a velocity of 100 m/s toward a 10.00-kg stationary solid block resting on a frictionless surface. becomes embedded in the block? (5.00 X 103 kg)(100 m/s) 5.00 % 10-FKg + 10.00 kg = 5.0 X 10? m/s Amv = mv’ — v) = (5.00 X 10° kg)(5.0 X 107 m/s ~ 100 mys) = — 0.500 kg-m/s a. What is the change in momentum of the bullet if imo = my" + mv" = (Mm + mv", 50 ¥" d. What is the change in momentum of the bullet if it ricochets in the opposite direction with a speed of 99 m/s — almost the same speed as it had originally? Amv = mv" ~ ¥) = (5.00 X 10° kg)(—99 m/s — 100 m/s) = - 0.995 kg- m/s Chapter 9 Momentum and Its Conservation ngChapter Review Problems 21. A 0.200-Kg plastic ball moves with a velocity of 0.30 m/s. It collides with a second plastic pall of mass 0.100 kg moving along the same line at a velocity of 0.10 m/s. After the collision, the velocity of the 0.100-kg ball is 0.26 m/s. What is the new velocity of the first ball? Imgyq + Mg = ava’ + Mgn” » SO 200 kg)(0.30 m/s) + (0.100 kg) (0.10 m/s) — (0.100 kg)(0.26 mis) 0.200 kg, = 0.22 ms in the original direction. 28 Figure 9-18 shows a brick weighing 245 N” being released from rest on a 1.00 m, frictionless plane inctined at an angle of 39.0% ‘The brick slides down the incline and strikes ‘a second brick weighing 36.8 N. ‘a. Calculate the speed of the brigk’at the bottom of the incline. Fy = Fe sin = OAS Nisin 3007 = 123 N 4 vricks stick together, with what jcital speed will they move along the table? may, 2:50 kg)(3.1 ms) fn im, * Me, 50 kg + 3.76 kg oe Lt we te of son sige te tno bes i 50 mos a fa = (iy + Mev” 80. tery te brs come y Z pase min, 9 = Bon OSDbE IE ep g/L 4. How far will theo bricks slide before ct a= Ya yhadn 24 ws + V1 p= 099 m. 10 Chapter 9 Momentum and Its Conservation en es 4Chapter Review Problems 29. Ball A, rolling west at 3.0 m/s, has @ mass of 1.0 kg. Ball B has a mass of 2.0 kg and is stationary. After colliding with ball B, ball A moves south at 20 mJs. Calculate the momentum and velocity of ball B after the collision, Before ae Horizontal: mv, = mavay 80 yyy = (1.0 kg)G.0 m/s Vertical: 0 = may’ + may, maya’ = — (1.0 kgy2.0 ‘The vector sum is; = 3.6 kg-m/s at 34° N of W 18 m/s at 34° N of W Chapter 9 Chapter Review Problems Before =e @ After Horizontal: mug = meve’ + myyy’, $0 7.0 N-s = meve’ + 2.0 N-8, 90 mere! = 5.0 Ns ~ Vertical: 0 = mave" ¥’myyy’, $0 move" = ~ mary", 31. A 7600-kg space probe is traveling through space at 120 m/s. Mission control determines that a change in course of 30.0° is necessary and, by electronic communication, ts the probe to fire rockets perperidicular to its direction of motion. If the-€scaping gas leaves the craft's rockets at apvaverage speed of 3200 m/s, what mass of gas should be expelled? may’ mp tan 30.0° = (7600 g}(120 m/s)tan 30.0) = 53 x 10° kg-mis mv, = mv, = my ‘Momentum and Its Conservation qaChapter Review Problems 32, 3. 122 Figure 9-19, which is drawn to scale, shows two balls during an elastic collision. The balls enter from the left of the page, collide, and bounce away. The heavier ball at the bottom of the diagram has a mass of 600 g, while the ball on the top has a mass of 400 g. Using a vector diagram, determine if momentum is conserved in this collision, Hint: Remember that the two masses are not equal. Try to account for any discrepancy found in the total ‘momentum before and after the collision. Dotted lines shOw that the changes of, momentum for/€ach ball are equal and opposite: AGray) = Stmv). Since the masses are in a 3:2 ratio, a 2:3 ratio of velocity changes will compensate. The head of a 1.0-kg hammer, moving at 3.6 rmjs, stikes a nail and drives it into hardwood, a. The head stays in contact 20 ms and rebounds with negligible velocity. What is the average force exerted on the nail? The force on the nail is opposite the force fon the hammer, so mAs ar kg)(O = 3.6 m/s), “TOK 10 s = 1.8 X10.N Chapter 9 Chapter Review Problems b. When the same hammer hits a springy nai it rebounds with the same speed, 3.6 m/s ‘The contact time is the same, What force is exerted this time? m, Ov, f= ae (1.0 kg)(- 3.6 m/s ~3.6 m/s) 20 x 107s =3.6X 10.N 1, Jim strikes a 0.058-kg 272 N and gives How long was ball? ar = AY Z (0.058 kg)(62.0 mA) _ 9943 5 ‘a velocity of 620 mis. club in contact with the F ON 2. A fpfee of 186 N acts on a 73-kg bowling bail for 0.40 s fa. What is the bowling ball's“ change in momentum? fo =T4Nes sy =a cusp 3. A 5500-Xg freight truck accelerates from 4.2 ms to 78 m/s in 15.0 s by a a force, is VA a,AWhat change in momentum d¢curs Ap = mAv = (5500 kg)(7.8 m/s - 4.2 m/s) i / 1b. How large of a/force is exerted? 7 Ap _ 20x 10¢ kg: mis -a07 15.08 213 x10 N F ‘Momentum and Its Conservation