completepowerelectrnies.com yr Home Pd ene coer er. at een on i ee a Thyristor Protection om Thyristor Protaction:- * For reliable operation of SCR, it should be operated within the specific ratings. = SCRs are very delicate devices and so they must be protected against abnormal operating conditions. Various protection of SCR are 1. difdt Protection 2. dv/dt Protection 3. Over voltage Protection 4. Over Current Protection It is recommended to read Thyristor- Basics to understand various Protections af Thyristar. ide Protection:~* di/dtis the rate of change of currentin a device = When SCR is forward biased and is turned ON by the gate signal, the anode current flows = The anode current requires some time to spread inside the device. (Spreading of charge carriers) * But ifthe rate of rise of anode current(di/dt) is greater than the spread velocity of charge carriers then local hot spots is created near the gate due to increased current density. This localised heating may damage the device. = Local spot heating is avoided by ensuring that the conduction spreads to the whole area very rapidly (OR) The difdt value must be maintained below a threshold (limiting) value *= This is done by means of connecting an inductor in series with the thyristor. The inductance L opposes the high di/dt variations. = When the current variation is high, the inductor smooths it and protects the SCR from damage. (Though di/dt variation is high, the inductor 'L’ smooths it because it takes some time to charge). L2 [Ns / (diet duds Protection:- = du/dtis the rate of charge of voltage in SCR. = We know that ic-C.du/dt. ie, when du/at is high, iis high.= This high current(iamay turn ON SCR even when gate current is zero, Thisis called as dv/dt tur ON or false turn ON of SCR. = To protect the thyristor against false turn ON or against high dv/dt a “Snubber Circuit” is, used ‘SNUBBER CIRCUIT: '= The snubber Circuits a series combination of resistor'R’ and capacitor 'C. = They are connected across the thyristor to be protected. = The capacitor‘C' is used to limit the dv/dt across the SCR. = The resistor R'is used to limit high discharging current through the SCR. = When switch Sis closed, the capacitor 'C’ behaves asa short-circuit '= Therefore voltage across SCR is zero. = As time increases, voltage across C’increases at a slow rate. = Therefore du/dt across ‘Cand SCRis jess than maximum du/dt rating of the device = The capacitor charges to full voltage Vs, after which the gate is triggered, and SCR is turned ON and high current flows through SCR. = As difdtis high, it may damage the SCRTo avoid this, the resistor R in series with 'C’ will limit the magnitude of difdt ‘= The technique of ‘snubbing’ can apply to any switching circuit, not only to thyristor/triaccircuits 1 The rate of rise of turn-off voltage is determined by the time constant RC. Where Ris the circuit minimum load resistance, for instance the cold resistance of a heater or lamp, the winding resistance of a motor or the primary resistance of a transformer. ‘Overvoltage Protection:~ * Overvottage may resultin false turn ON of the device (or) darnage the device = SCRis subjected to internal and external over voltage Internal Overvoltage = The reverse recovery current of the SCR decays ata very fast rate ie, high di/dt, = Soa voltage surgeis produced whose magnitude is Litt. External Overvoltage These are caused by the interruption of current flow in the inductive circuit and also due to lightning strokes on the lines feeding the SCR systems. * The effect of overvoitage is reduced by using Snubber circuits and Non-Linear Resistors called Voltage Clamping Devices. Voltage Clamping Device: * It is a non-linear resistor called as VARISTOR (VARIable resiSTOR) connected across the scr = The resistance of varistor will decrease with increase in voltage. = During normal operation, varistor has high Resistance and draws only small leakage current = When high voltage appears, it operates in low resistance region and the surge energy isdissipated across the resistance by producing a virtual short-circuit across the SCR. (ver Current Protection: = Inan SCR due to over-current, the junction temperature exceeds the rated value and the device gets damaged = Qver-currentis interrupted by conventional fuses and circuit breakers. ‘The fault current must be interrupted before the SCR gets damaged and only the faulty branches of the network should be isolated. * Circuit breaker has long tripping time, So it is used for protecting SCR against continuous over loads (or) against surge currents of long duration, = Fast acting current limiting fuse is used to protect SCR against large surge currents of very short duration. Electronic Crowbar Protection: 2 Power |__}t) 4 bem - A Sipe Fe] | ~ Seatq Taos = SCR has high surge current ability = SCR is used in electronic crowbar circuit for overcurrent protection of power converter. * In this protection, an additional SCR is connected across the supply which is known as“Crowbar SCR’ * Current sensing resistor detects the value of converter current. + Ifitexceeds preset value, then gate trigger circuits turn ON the crowbar SCR = So the input terminals are short-circuit by SCR and thus it bypass the converter over current. ' After some time the main fuse interrupts the fault current. You may alse like:- SCR Tum ON (Triggering) Methods SCR Turn OFF (Commutation) Methods 1? YOU MAY ALSO LIKE... ‘SCR Triggering Circuit How to test SCR with Turning OFF SCR Requirements Muttimeter? (Commutation) FEBRUARY, 2016 AUGUST 23,2015, vanuaRy 17.2013 21 RESPONSESComments (21) - Pingbacks (0 A A 23 9 ‘urshna Misra © Seprmper 16, 201330 42pm Its justawesome. beautifully written. Thanx alot Peoiy oudumbar pawar © Novenber 17,2093 a 1045 am "ice to good notes had really need for scr protection circuits eniy ‘admin © Novernber21, 2013.28.08 “Thanks fot your appreciation. We wil tart to release new pasts Soon on various topics. Repiy ‘sme © January 15,2014.21208 pm Ponit wise explanation, makes easy understanding of thesubjectthank uso much Pepty ‘aman © January 15, 201638355 Sma “Thanks fer your comment. eniy araana © Feorury3,2014 at 1255 am) ‘That ely ice andit helps me alt Pepiy aonisnekanand © eos 18, 2094439 90 ‘excelent nots thn alot Pepiy Saud © May28, 2014 at 113 pm ‘Superbnotes. Keep it up PepiyAIAAIDa AAADA ‘arab © pugs 30,2016 2 702am eu notes thiselps melt thanks epi apy 0 sugust 50, 2014ataosam sakes ohela Pepiy aprapaany © September 4, 201430554 pm very good notes. Pepiy Rajat Garg © Septrer7, 2014 1:19pm ‘wal this was written great_uomakeit pont wise which isnt given in Ps bimbhra bu languages seme as that ofPs Pepiy Iyot © Decomier5,201Hat 111 pn [Avery good explanation and informative in small points. epiy ‘asiam knanausstatur © Ueseroer) 2004 98828 useful Pepty Narang Tani © Gscamber 19,2013 13 ‘Awsm dudi you can provide facebook lnk ofthis ste it willbe mere convenne and fun Pepiy al © ecemner 17,2014 a 1:34 pm ‘ts simple pleasure to read... i wanna.al stuff elated to b tech eletricl_ tke dis @ eniy ‘mad Hesham Pasha © januzy 15,2015 2t 803 pm Excllentits very simple to understand. good work, ep22299 Waoth © December 10,2015 at 42am ery good presentation i learn SCRin deta now ihave very clear about ser thankyou st epiy Harsh © May 13, 201630 1057 pre ‘Thanks for such a wonderful article. epiy raving © Jure29, 201638333 pm ‘Really good. Thank you Repiy Jardan poudet ©) oscemter 25,2016 289 32am Het. Pepiy