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101REALTIMEDRUPALINTERVIEWQUESTIONSAND
ANSWERS
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DrupalInterviewQuestionsandAnswers
:
1)WhatIsDrupal?
Drupal(pronouncedDruPull)isanopensourcecontentmanagementsystem
[Link]
integratedsocialmediaandecommercefunctionality,itprovidesuniquevalueas
partofyoursocialmediastrategy.
2)HowtocreateafolderandamodulefileinDrupal?
Giventhatourchoiceofshortnameisonthisdate,startthemodulebycreatinga
folderinyourDrupalinstallationatthepath:sites/all/modules/[Link]
mayneedtocreatethesites/all/[Link]
[Link]/all/modules/[Link]
Drupal6.x,sites/all/modulesisthepreferredplacefornoncoremodules(and
sites/all/themesfornoncorethemes),sincethisplacesallsitespecificfilesinthe
[Link]
[Link],ifyouhaveamultisiteDrupal
installationandthismoduleisforonlyonespecificsite,youcanputitin
sites/yoursitefolder/modules.
Themoduleisnotoperationalyet:[Link]
modulelaterinthetutorial.
3)Howtonameyourmodule?
[Link]
namewillbeusedinallfileandfunctionnamesinyourmodule,soitmuststart
withaletterandbyDrupalconventionitmustcontainonlylowercaselettersand
[Link],wellchooseonthisdateastheshortname.
Importantnote:Itisnotjustaconventionthattheshortnameisusedforboththe
[Link]
(seelaterportionsoftutorial),Drupalwillonlyrecognizeyourhook
implementationfunctionsiftheyhavethesamefunctionnameprefixasthename
ofthemodulefile.
Itsalsoimportanttomakesureyourmoduledoesnothavethesameshortname
asanythemeyouwillbeusingonthesite.
DRUPALInterviewQuestionsandAnswers
4)ExplainthemenusysteminDrupal?
Definethenavigationmenus,androutepagerequeststocodebasedonURLs.
TheDrupalmenusystemdrivesboththenavigationsystemfromauser
perspectiveandthecallbacksystemthatDrupalusestorespondtoURLspassed
[Link],agoodunderstandingofthemenusystemis
[Link]
simplehierarchydefinedbypaths.Implementationsofhook_menu()define
menuitemsandassignthemtopaths(whichshouldbeunique).Themenusystem
[Link]
example,ifthepathsdefinedwerea,a/b,e,a/b/c/d,f/g,anda/b/h,themenu
systemwouldformthestructure:
a
a/b
a/b/c/d
a/b/h
e
f/g
5)HowtointeractwithDrupalsearchsystem?
Therearethreewaystointeractwiththesearchsystem:
Specificallyforsearchingnodes,youcanimplementnodeapi(updateindex)and
nodeapi(searchresult).However,notethatthesearchsystemalreadyindexesall
visibleoutputofanode,i.e.everythingdisplayednormallybyhook_view()and
hook_nodeapi(view).[Link]
mechanismifyouwantadditional,nonvisibledatatobeindexed.
Implementhook_search().Thiswillcreateasearchtabforyourmoduleonthe
/[Link]
hook_search_item()tocustomizethedisplayofyourresults.
Implementhook_update_index().ThisallowsyourmoduletouseDrupals
HTMLindexingmechanismforsearchingfulltextefficiently.
Ifyourmoduleneedstoprovideamorecomplicatedsearchform,thenyouneed
toimplementityourselfwithouthook_search().Inthatcase,youshoulddefineit
asalocaltask(tab)underthe/searchpage(e.g./search/mymodule)sothatusers
caneasilyfindit.
6)HowtoCustomizeaDrupalSyndicateFeedIcon?
ForarecentprojectIneededtocustomizethefeediconintheDrupalthemeIwas
[Link]
newbiethatIamIwentlookingforitinthecoretemplatesandsuggestionspage
onlytocomeemptyhanded.
PreviouslyIfoundthesolutiontothemingasearchformbyusingthesearch
[Link]
[Link]
hook.
theme_feed_icon($url,$title)
Thisfunctionisinternallycalledbydrupaltogeneratethefeediconinthe
[Link].
7)HowtobackupaDrupalsite?
BackingupyourDrupalsiteisnowveryeasy,youjustneedtodownloadand
installamodulecalledBackup&[Link]
AdministerModuleschecktheBackupandMigratemoduleandenableitandsave
thesettings.
ThennavigatetotheAdministerContentManagementBackupandMigratethen
dothefollowingsettings.
Excludethefollowingtablesaltogether:selectthetablewhichyoudontwantto
takebackup.
Givethebackupfilename.
Therearealsooptionstocompressthefilebeforedownload,oradda
datestamp.
AndthenclickBackupDatabase.
AlternatelyyoucantakebackupsusingPhpMyAdmin.
8)HowtomoveaDrupalSitefromOnehost/servertoanotheron
yourNEWhost?
Uploadyourfolderwiththecompletedrupalinstallationtoyourhome
directory.
Oncedone,gotophpadminonthenewhost,createanewmysqldatabase,
examplename_drpl1andcreateanewmysqluser.Createapasswordforthis
newmysqluser,clickassignallprivilegestothisuserandassigntheusertothe
newdatabase.
Younowshouldhaveanewmysqldatabaseonthenewhostwithamysqluser,eg.
name_drpl1asdatabasenameandname_usernameasdatabaseusername.
Import(upload)thedatabase(whichyouexportedfromtheoldhostearlier)
[Link].
Ifneedededitthefile[drupalhome]/sites/default/[Link]
sectionwhereyouenterthedatabase,location,[Link]
enterthepasswordeitherencryptedornotencryptedthere.
Chmodyourfilesfoldersoitiswriteableusingyourftpclient(filezilla),
chmodto777
[Link][drupalhome]/sites/default/[Link]
makechangesincasetheyareneeded.
Changenameservesonyourdomainhostandletthempointtoyournewhosts
nameservers.
Enterthenewnameserversinyourcontrolpanelwhereyourdomainnamesare
hosted,overwritingtheoldones.
Aftersometime(sometimesadayortwo)yourdomainshouldpointtothenew
hostanddrupalshouldbeupandrunningonthenewhost.
9)HowtomoveaDrupalSitefromOnehost/servertoanother?
MigratingDrupalOnyourOLDhost:
Backupyourwholehomedirectoryfromyourftpaccessusinganftpclientlike
[Link]
directorytothatlocalfolder.
Backupyourmysqldatabaseonyouroldhostusingphpadmin,selectyour
mysqldatabase,usuallysomethinglikename_drpl1.Selectallfields,click
[Link]
enabled.Youwillreceiveafilesimilartoname_drpl1.sql.
Thisisyourmysqldatabase
10)HowtoinstallDrupalonalocalWAMPserver?
PreparingyourcomputerwithalocalinstallationofDrupalwithWampServeris
[Link]
Apacheserver,SQL,PHPandphpMySQLonyourcomputer,withthosetoolsyou
caninstallandrunDrupallocallyevenwithoutaninternetconnection.
11)HowtoremovebreadcrumbsfrommyDrupalpages?
Breadcrumbsorbreadcrumbtrailisanavigationaidusedindrupalinterfaces.
[Link]
[Link]
reallyusefulinacomparativelybiggerwebsitewithplentyofsectionsand
[Link],[Link]
casesyoumayeitherhideitusingCSS(eg..breadcrumb{display:none})orin
[Link]
12)HowtoaddcustomPHPcodesinmyDrupalpagesorblocks?
Bydefault,drupalwillnotallowinsertingPHPcodedirectlyinsideapostorina
[Link],youneedtoactivateadrupalmodulecalledPHPfiltervia,
[Link],it
remainsdisabledbydefault.
13)HowcanIcreateacustomregioninmyDrupaltemplate?
Addinganewregioninyourdrupaltemplateisnotahardthing,butitsnotas
[Link]:
[Link]
[Link]
newregiontoappear
14)WhatdoesViewsdoandhowdoyouuseit?
ViewsisapracticalnecessityforsitesbuiltonDrupal6,anditsimperativethat
[Link]
greatsummaryontheViewsprojectpage.
15)HowcanIaddanewBlockInDrupal?
Addinganewblockisasimpleprocessindrupal6.
GotoAdministerBlocksandclickontheAddBlocklink(tab).
FillintheformwiththenecessaryPHP/[Link]
clicktheSaveBlockbutton.
16)HowcanIcustomizemy404Pagenotfoundpage?
Createanewpagewithsomeextrainformation,sothatyourvisitorsdontever
plungeontothedefaultboring404pagenotfounderrorpage.
Oncethispageiscreated:
RememberitsnodeID,
GotoAdminister>Siteconfiguration>Errorreporting
SetDefault404(notfound)pagetothenodeIDyoujustcreated
Saveyoursettings
YoucanalsousetheSearch404moduleasanalternative.
17)HowtohandleupgradesinDrupal?
ItsafactoflifethatyoullhavetoupgradeyourDrupalinstallationand
[Link]:
backingupthesite,
puttingitintomaintenancemode
downloadingthenewversionofthemodule
uncompressingit
[Link]
testingthesite
takingthesiteoutofmaintenancemode
Ideally,yourcandidatewouldalsomentioncreatingadevelopmentenvironment
[Link]
(processdescribedabove)andaDrupalminorversionupgrade,whichrequires
[Link],whichhappenevery
coupleyears,areanothercanofwormsentirely.
18)HowdoIshowdifferentDrupalthemesondifferentpages?
Yeahitspossible!Youcanapplydifferentthemestodifferentpagesinyour
drupalsitesimplywiththehelpofacoolmodulecalledSections.
19)HowdoIaddimagestoDrupal?
Imagemoduleallowsuserswithproperpermissionstouploadimagesinto
[Link].
Imagescouldbepostedindividuallytothefrontpage,includedinstoriesor
groupedingalleries.
20)HowcanItranslateDrupaltomylocallanguage?
Theinterfacetext(liketheLoginbuttonandtheAddnewcommenttext)isin
Englishbydefault,[Link],thereare
completedorpartlycompletedtranslationsavailable.(Seethelocalemoduleon
howtousethem.)
[Link]
versionsofthetextincore,sothatpartsoftheinterfacewillshowupinEnglish.
Othersmaybecompletebutneedcorrectionsandimprovementsofthelanguage.
Andnolanguagehasacompletesetoftranslationsforallcontributedmodules.
21)HowdoIremovethetitleNavigationfromthenavigationblock?
Topreventthenavigationblocktitleoranyotherblocktitlefromappearinginthe
pages,justdothefollowing.
NavigatetoAdministerSitebuildingBlocksandclicktheconfigurelinknextto
theNavigationblock.
Intheblockconfigurationpage,[Link]
thedefaulttitlefortheblockandremovethetitle.
22)HowdoIgetmysitetohaveSEOfriendlyURLs?
ThePathautomoduleautomaticallygeneratesURL/pathaliasesforvariouskinds
ofcontent(nodes,taxonomyterms,users)withoutrequiringtheusertomanually
[Link]/category/my
nodetitleinsteadof/node/[Link]
thatusestokenswhichtheadministratorcanchange.
23)HowcanIenablecleanURLsinDrupal?
DrupalsdefaultURLstructureislike[Link]
ThisURLformatcanbehardtoread,andcansometimespreventsearchengines
[Link]?q=
andcleantheURLsthroughthefollowingsteps.
[Link],itwillbe
[Link].
YoucanmakeyourURLsevenmorecleanerwiththehelpofpathmodule.
HomeAdministerSitebuildingModules:enablethePathModule.
24)HowcanIchangethefaviconinmyDrupalSite?
[Link]
onlinefavicongeneratortoolslikednamicdrive.
Navigatetoadminsitebuildingthemesandclicktheconfigurelinknexttoyour
[Link].
[Link]
yourfaviconfileorspecifythepathtoyourcustomizediconfile.
Thechangesmaynotappearimmediatelyinyourbrowser,youneedtoclearyour
[Link],youmay
needtodeletethebookmarkandthenrecreateitagainsothatthenewfaviconwill
appearinthebookmarksmenu.
25)ExplainfaviconinDrupal?
Afavicon(shortforfavoritesicon),alsoknownasawebsiteiconorbookmark
iconisa1616pixelsquareiconthatappearsneartheaddressbarandinthe
[Link],adrupalsiteshowsthatwater
dropkindadrupallogoasfavicon.
26)HowcanIresetmyDrupaladminpassword?
LogintocPanel>Databasesbox>phpMyAdmin
[Link]
refreshandandtheDrupaldatabasestableswillbedisplayedonit.
ClickontheSQLtab.
InthetextfieldwritethefollowingSQLquery:
updateuserssetpass=md5(NEWPASS)whereuid=1whereNEWPASSis
yournewDrupaladministrativepassword.
[Link]
errorsaredisplayedthenyoushouldbeabletologinwiththenewpassword.
27)HowtoinstallanewmoduleinDrupal?
Afterfindinganddownloadingamodule,thenextstepwouldbetocopyitthe
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link],youhavesuccessfully
installedthemodule.
[Link]
[Link]
installedmodules,[Link]
justhavetochecktheenablecheckboxagainstthenewmoduleandthenclickthe
[Link].
28)HowcanIinstallanewthemeinDrupal?
[Link]
allavailablethemesunderDrupalsthemedirectory,wemaynaturallywanttotry
[Link]
thestepsbelow.
[Link]
arenotcompatible,[Link].
ReadanyREADMEorINSTALLfilesinthepackagetofindoutifthereareany
specialstepsneededforthistheme.
Uploadthecontentsofthethemepackagetoanewdirectoryinthethemes
directoryinyourDrupalsite.InDrupal5.x&6.x,youplaceyourthemesin
/sites/all/themes/yourThemeName
Clickadministerthemesandenablethenewtheme(Drupalwillautodetectits
presence).
[Link]
defaultthemeforallusers,checkthedefaultboxinthethemesadministration
page.
29)HowtomakemyDrupalsiteofflinetopublic,whileitisunder
construction?
YoucansetyourDrupalsiteinofflinemode,[Link]
[Link]
wants,[Link],
onlyuserswiththeadministersiteconfigurationpermissionwillbeabletoaccess
yoursitetoperformmaintenanceallothervisitorswillseethesiteoffline
[Link]
directlyviatheuserloginpage.
30)HowdoescachingworkinDrupal?
Oneofthecommon(mostlyunfounded)complaintsaboutDrupalhasbeen,
[Link]
cachingsystem,[Link],Drupal6sblockcache
willnotappreciablyspeedupthepageiftheuserisloggedin.
AskyourcandidatetorecommendsomeadditionalsolutionstospeedupDrupals
[Link],Varnish,Squid,Memcacheor
[Link].
31)CanyoupleaseexplainthedifferencebetweenCoreandContribin
Drupal?
ThestandardreleaseofDrupal,knownasDrupalcore,containsbasicfeatures
[Link]
andmaintenance,menumanagement,RSSfeeds,pagelayoutcustomization,and
[Link]
brochurewarewebsite,asingleormultiuserblog,anInternetforum,ora
communitywebsiteprovidingforusergeneratedcontent.
AsofAugust2011therearemorethan11,000freecommunitycontributed
addons,knownascontribmodules,availabletoalterandextendDrupalscore
capabilitiesandaddnewfeaturesorcustomizeDrupalsbehaviorandappearance.
Becauseofthispluginextensibilityandmodulardesign,Drupalissometimes
[Link]
applicationframework,asitmeetsthegenerallyacceptedfeaturerequirements
forsuchframeworks.
32)WhatareSystemrequirementsforDrupal?
Aminimumbaseinstallationrequiresatleast3MBofdiskspacebutyoushould
[Link],ifyou
installmanycontributedmodulesandcontributedthemes,theactualdiskspace
foryourinstallationcouldeasilybe40MBormore(exclusiveofdatabasecontent,
media,backupsandotherfiles).
33)WhycanotADrupalusereditanodetheycreated?
Symptoms:AnauthorizedDrupaluserloseseditaccesstonodestheyvecreated,
eveniftheyhaveappropriatenode(orothermodule)[Link],user
cannoteditanodethatshouldbeeditablebythem,basedonaccesscontrolor
[Link]
theDrupalwatchdoglog.
PossibleCause:Theuserdoesnothavepermissiontousetheinputfiltercurrently
assignedtothenode.(Anadministratororotherprivilegedusermayhave
changedtheinputfiltersettings,or,inputfilterpermissionsmayhavebeen
[Link],the
userneverhad,ornolongerhaspermissiontousetheinputfilterassociatedwith
thenode.)
34)HowDoesDrupalComparetoRubyonRails?
[Link]
havemuchtosayaboutRubyexceptthatitisaframeworkmoresothana
[Link]
thatarequiteeasytodowithRuby,andthereareotherswhichareinfinitelymore
complicatedthantheyshouldbe.
OnebigdifferenceisthefactthatRubylackstherefineddataobjectmodelfound
inDrupalthatensuresinteroperabilitybetweenvariousaspectsofthesystem,
[Link]
offersaselfgeneratingdatabaseschemaformanymodulesandunderlying
componentsoftheplatform,RubyonRailsemphasizesadesignphilosophy
[Link]
thisallsoundsgoodinprinciple,wehavefoundtherearecertaintasksthatmake
adherancetothisphilosophyanidealmoresothanapracticalgoalandbreaking
freefromtheseconventionswhennecessaryadauntingtask(especiallywhen
integratingwithexternalsystems).
35)HowDoesDrupalComparetoOtherOpenSourceCMSSystems?
Drupalisalsooftencomparedwithotheropensourcecontentmanagement
systemsincludingJoomla,Plone,Scoop,Silverstripe,Typo3,Graffitti,Moveable
[Link]
makethemappropriateincertaincontexts,andmostofthemcomparefavorably
[Link],however,are
capableofofferingthebalancebetweenperformanceandfunctionalityfoundin
Drupal.
36)HowDoesDrupalComparetoCommercialCMSSystems?
Drupalisoftencomparedtoanumberofcommercialcontentmanagement
systemsincludingCrownPeak,ExpressionEngine,ClickabilityandSiteLifein
[Link]
foundinDrupalortheflexible,developerfriendlyarchitecturethatallowsusto
[Link],theseplatforms
charactertisticallylacktheinnovativeapproachtodevelopmentembracedbythe
Drupalcommunity,withupdatesandnewfeaturescontinuallybeingaddedtothe
[Link]
reportingandmetricstools,generallyprovidingviewsofdatathatisalsostoredin
[Link],detailedpagetrackinginformationcanjustaseasily
bepulledfromaCDNandintegratedintoaDrupalsiteformuchlessthanthe
costsofperseatlicensesfromacommercialvendorovera1monthperiod.
37)WhatKindofSupportIsAvailable?
AwiderangeofsupportservicesareavailablefororganizationsrunningDrupal
[Link]
learnmoreabouttheplatformorresolvespecificissuesthatemergeusingthe
[Link]
monitoring,emailandtelephonebasedtroubleshootingsupport,andsubscription
plansforsiteswithvaryingperformancerequirements.
Forhosting,Ourworkswithavarietyofpartnerstodeliversolutionstoensure
sitesareoperationalandcanscaletomeetchangingtrafficexpectations.
RackspaceisOurpreferredhostingpartner,andtheir100%uptimeguarantee
allowsustofocusonbuildinggreatwebsiteswithoutworryingaboutthenetwork.
WorkhabitandAmazonS3offercloudhostingsolutionsthatallowustobuild
sitesthatautomaticallyscaletohandlelargepeaksoftraffic,andtoprovisionnew
serversdynamicallybasedonactualtrafficconditionsonanygivenday.
38)HowDoesDrupalScale?
TrellonhasbuiltDrupalsitesanddeployedtheminverydemandingscenarios,
[Link]
optimizationisoneofourcorecompetencies,andweoftenworkwithexistingweb
[Link]
specificneeds.
39)WhatDoesDrupalDo?
Drupalisthechoiceformanygreatwebsitesbecauseitdoesalotofdifferent
thingsverywell,andallowsdifferentkindsofinformationtointeracteffectively
throughitsflexible,[Link]
solutions,Drupalsfeaturesetisfarmoreeconomicandpracticalformost
organizations.
40)ExplaincodingstandardsinDrupal?
AspertheCodingstandards,omittheclosing?>[Link]
maycausestrangeruntimeissuesoncertainserversetups.(Notethatthe
examplesinthehandbookwillshowtheclosingtagforformattingreasonsonly
andyoushouldnotincludeitinyourrealcode.)
AllfunctionsinyourmodulethatwillbeusedbyDrupalarenamed
{modulename}_{hook},wherehookisapredefinedfunctionnamesuffix.
Drupalwillcallthesefunctionstogetspecificdata,sohavingthesewelldefined
[Link].
[Link]?
Acontentmanagementsystem(CMS)isacollectionofproceduresusedto
[Link]
[Link]:
*Allowforalargenumberofpeopletocontributetoandsharestoreddata
*Controlaccesstodata,[Link]
eachusercanvieworedit
*Aidineasystorageandretrievalofdata
*Reducerepetitiveduplicateinput
*Improvetheeaseofreportwriting
*Improvecommunicationbetweenusers
InaCMS,datacanbedefinedasalmostanythingdocuments,movies,pictures,
phonenumbers,scientificdata,[Link],
controlling,revising,semanticallyenriching,andpublishingdocumentation.
[Link],entertainment
[Link]
termsforsystems(relatedprocesses)[Link]
management,digitalassetmanagement,digitalrecordsmanagementand
[Link],and
collationintoafinalproductarecommongoalsofeach.
cms,drupal,drupalcms,interviewquestions,technical,joomla,joomlacms,drupal
interviewquestion,contentmanagementsystem
[Link]
Theprogrammustincludesourcecode,andmustallowdistributioninsource
[Link]
withsourcecode,theremustbeawellpublicizedmeansofobtainingthesource
codefornomorethanareasonablereproductioncostpreferably,downloadingvia
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
arenotallowed.
[Link]
Thelicensemustallowmodificationsandderivedworks,andmustallowthemto
bedistributedunderthesametermsasthelicenseoftheoriginalsoftware.
[Link]
Thelicensemayrestrictsourcecodefrombeingdistributedinmodifiedformonly
ifthelicenseallowsthedistributionofpatchfileswiththesourcecodeforthe
[Link]
[Link]
requirederivedworkstocarryadifferentnameorversionnumberfromthe
originalsoftware.
[Link]
Thelicensemustnotdiscriminateagainstanypersonorgroupofpersons.
[Link]?
DoesfreesoftwaremeanusingtheGPL?
[Link]
[Link]
license.
47.WhyaresomanyDrupalversionsavailable4.x,5.x?Which
oneshouldIuse?
[Link]
[Link],iftherearenocompellingfeatures
inthelatestversion,acontribmodulethatisimportanttoyouisntreadyoryou
donthavetime,thereisnoneedtorushyourupgradeaslongassecurityupdates
areavailablefortheversionyouarerunning.
[Link]?
Yes,youcanusedrush
drushisacommandlineshellandUnixscriptinginterfaceforDrupal
[Link]?
AllowmodulestointeractwiththeDrupalcore.
[Link]
functionthatisnamedfoo_bar(),wherefooisthenameofthemodule(whose
[Link])[Link]
definedsetofparametersandaspecifiedresulttype.
ToextendDrupal,[Link]
toallowinterventionfrommodules,itdetermineswhichmodulesimplementa
hookandcallsthathookinallenabledmodulesthatimplementit.
[Link]?
Allowtheuseofdifferentdatabaseserversusingthesamecodebase.
Drupalprovidesaslimdatabaseabstractionlayertoprovidedeveloperswiththe
[Link]
preservethesyntaxandpowerofSQLasmuchaspossible,whilelettingDrupal
controlthepiecesofqueriesthatneedtobewrittendifferentlyfordifferent
serversandprovidebasicsecuritychecks.
MostDrupaldatabasequeriesareperformedbyacalltodb_query()or
db_query_range().Moduleauthorsshouldalsoconsiderusingpager_query()for
queriesthatreturnresultsthatneedtobepresentedonmultiplepages,and
tablesort_sql()forgeneratingappropriatequeriesforsortabletables.
[Link]?Purposeofmenus?
Definethenavigationmenus,androutepagerequeststocodebasedonURLs.
TheDrupalmenusystemdrivesboththenavigationsystemfromauser
perspectiveandthecallbacksystemthatDrupalusestorespondtoURLspassed
[Link],agoodunderstandingofthemenusystemis
fundamentaltothecreationofcomplexmodules.
Drupalsmenusystemfollowsasimplehierarchydefinedbypaths.
Implementationsofhook_menu()definemenuitemsandassignthemtopaths
(whichshouldbeunique).Themenusystemaggregatestheseitemsand
[Link],ifthepathsdefined
werea,a/b,e,a/b/c/d,f/g,anda/b/h,themenusystemwouldformthe
structure:
a
a/b
a/b/c/d
a/b/h
f/g
Notethatthenumberofelementsinthepathdoesnotnecessarilydeterminethe
depthofthemenuiteminthetree.
Whenrespondingtoapagerequest,themenusystemlookstoseeifthepath
[Link],the
systemsearchesupthemenutreeforthemostcompletematchwithacallbackit
[Link]/b/iisrequestedinthetreeabove,thecallbackfora/b
wouldbeused.
Thefoundcallbackfunctioniscalledwithanyargumentsspecifiedinthepage
[Link]
arguments,anyremainingcomponentsofthepathareappendedasfurther
[Link],thecallbackfora/babovecouldrespondtoarequestfor
a/b/idifferentlythanarequestfora/b/j.
Foranillustrationofthisprocess,seepage_example.module.
[Link]
callbackwithanoptionalaccessargumentsofeachmenuitemiscalledbefore
[Link],thenaccessisgrantedifFALSE,
[Link]
providedbyanancestoritem.
InthedefaultDrupalinterface,[Link]
areknowninthemenusystemaslocaltasks,andtheyarerenderedastabsby
default,[Link]
[Link]
[Link],adefaultlocaltaskshouldbeprovidedfor
[Link],thedefaultlocaltaskwill
[Link]
defaulttaskisspecialinthatitlinksnottoitsprovidedpath,buttoitsparent
[Link]
themenuhierarchy.
Everythingdescribedsofarisstoredinthemenu_routertable.Themenu_links
[Link]
hook_menudefinitions,howeveryouarefreetoaddmorewith
menu_link_save().
[Link]?
Therearethreewaystointeractwiththesearchsystem:
Specificallyforsearchingnodes,youcanimplementnodeapi(updateindex)and
nodeapi(searchresult).However,notethatthesearchsystemalreadyindexesall
visibleoutputofanode,i.e.everythingdisplayednormallybyhook_view()and
hook_nodeapi(view).[Link]
mechanismifyouwantadditional,nonvisibledatatobeindexed.
Implementhook_search().Thiswillcreateasearchtabforyourmoduleonthe
/[Link]
hook_search_item()tocustomizethedisplayofyourresults.
Implementhook_update_index().ThisallowsyourmoduletouseDrupalsHTML
indexingmechanismforsearchingfulltextefficiently.
Ifyourmoduleneedstoprovideamorecomplicatedsearchform,thenyouneed
toimplementityourselfwithouthook_search().Inthatcase,youshoulddefineit
asalocaltask(tab)underthe/searchpage(e.g./search/mymodule)sothatusers
caneasilyfindit.
[Link]?
Amoduleissoftware(code)thatextendsDrupalfeaturesand/orfunctionality.
CoremodulesarethoseincludedwiththemaindownloadofDrupal,andyoucan
[Link]
[Link],and
[Link]
thisrequiresathoroughunderstandingofDrupal,PHPprogramming,and
DrupalsmoduleAPI.
[Link],Permission,Roleindrupal.
Everyvisitortoyoursite,whethertheyhaveanaccountandloginorvisitthesite
anonymously,[Link],
[Link]
informationcanalsobeassociatedwithusersbymodulesforinstance,ifyouuse
thecoreProfilemodule,youcandefineuserprofilefieldstobeassociatedwith
eachuser.
AnonymoususershaveauserIDofzero(0).TheuserwithuserIDone(1),which
istheuseraccountyoucreatewhenyouinstallDrupal,isspecial:thatuserhas
permissiontodoabsolutelyeveythingonthesite.
[Link],you
firstneedtocreatearole,whichyoumightcallContenteditororMember.
Next,youwillassignpermissionstothatrole,totellDrupalwhatthatrolecanand
[Link],youwillgrantcertainusersonyoursiteyournew
role,whichwillmeanthatwhenthoseusersareloggedin,Drupalwillletthemdo
theactionsyougavethatrolepermissiontodo.
Youcanalsoassignpermissionsforthespecialbuiltinrolesofanonymoususer
(auserwhoisnotloggedin)andauthenticateduser(auserwhoisloggedin,
withnospecialroleassignments).Drupalpermissionsarequiteflexibleyouare
allowedtoassignpermissionforanytasktoanyrole,dependingontheneedsof
yoursite.
[Link].
AnodeinDrupalisthegenerictermforapieceofcontentonyourwebsite.(Note
thatthechoiceofthewordnodeisnotmeantinthemathematicalsenseaspart
ofanetwork.)Someexamplesofnodes:
Pagesinbooks
Discussiontopicsinforums
Entriesinblogs
Newsarticlestories
[Link],aTitle,a
creationdate,anauthor(auseronthesite),aBody(whichmaybe
ignored/omittedforsomecontenttypes),[Link]
modulessuchasthecontributedContentConstructionKit(CCK)module,thecore
Taxonomymodule,andthecontributedLocationmodule,youcanaddfieldsand
otherpropertiestoyournodes.
[Link].
Commentsareanothertypeofcontentyoucanhaveonyoursite(ifyouhave
enabledthecoreCommentmodule).Eachcommentisatypicallysmallpieceof
contentthatausersubmits,[Link],each
pieceofdiscussionattachedtoaparticularforumtopicnodeisacomment.
57explainTaxonomyindrupal.
Drupalhasasystemforclassifyingcontent,whichisknownastaxonomyand
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vocabularies(groupsoftaxonomyterms),andaddtermstoeachvocabulary.
Vocabulariescanbeflatorhierarchical,canallowsingleormultipleselection,and
canalsobefreetagging(meaningthatwhencreatingoreditingcontent,youcan
addnewtermsonthefly).Eachvocabularycanthenbeattachedtooneormore
contenttypes,andinthisway,nodesonyoursitecanbegroupedintocategories,
tagged,orclassifiedinanywayyouchoose.
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Drupalstoresinformationinadatabaseeachtypeofinformationhasitsown
[Link],thebasicinformationaboutthenodesofyoursite
arestoredintheNodetable,andifyouusetheCCKmoduletoaddfieldstoyour
nodes,[Link]
havetheirowndatabasetables,androles,permissions,andothersettingsarealso
storedindatabasetables.
[Link]?
WhenyouvisitaURLwithinyourDrupalsite,thepartoftheURLafteryourbase
[Link],
Drupalfiguresoutwhatinformationshouldbesenttoyourbrowser,viaoneor
[Link],Drupalallowseachmoduleyouhaveenabled
onyoursitetodefinepathsthatthemodulewillberesponsiblefor,andwhenyou
choosetovisitaparticularpath,Drupalasksthemodulewhatshouldbedisplayed
onthepage.
Forinstance,thissite([Link])is(ofcourse)[Link]
arenowviewingis[Link]
ThemodulethatisresponsibleforthispathisthecoreNodemodule,sowhenyou
visitthispage,DrupalletstheNodemoduledeterminewhattodisplay.
Todeterminethepathtoaparticularpageonyoursite,forpurposesofcreatinga
link,[Link]
defaulttheURL,afterthebaseaddressofyoursite,willbeginwith?q=.When
[Link]
foruseinamenuitemisthepartoftheURLafterthesitesbaseaddressand
withoutthe?q=.
[Link],Block,Menuindrupal..
PagesonyourDrupalsitearelaidoutinregions,whichcanincludetheheader,
footer,sidebars,andmaincontentsectionyourthememaydefineadditional
[Link]
[Link](whichare
concernedwithsitenavigation),theoutputfrommodules(e.g.,hotforumtopics),
ordynamicandstaticchunksofinformationthatyouvecreatedyourself(e.g.,a
listofupcomingevents).
TherearethreestandardmenusinDrupal:PrimaryLinks,SecondaryLinks,and
[Link],and
displayedautomaticallyinthepageheaderofmanythemes(ifnot,youcanenable
theirblockstodisplaythem).Navigationisthecatchallmenuthatcontainsyour
administrationmenus,[Link]
alsocreateyourowncustommenus,anddisplaythembyenablingtheirblocks.
Youcancustomisemenusinseveralways,suchasreorderingmenuitemsby
settingtheirweightorsimplydraggingintoplace,renamingmenuitems,and
changingthelinktitle(thetooltipthatappearswhenyoumouseoveramenu
item).YoucanmoveamenuitemintoadifferentmenubyeditingtheParent
propertyofthemenuitem.
Youcanalsoaddcustommenuitemstoamenu,fromtheAddmenuitemtabof
[Link],youwillneedtoprovide
thepathtothecontent(seeabove).
Inallcasesamenuitemwillonlybeshowntoavisitoriftheyhavetherightsto
viewthepageitlinkstoe.g.,theadminmenuitemisnotshowntovisitorswho
arenotloggedin.
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DRUPALInterviewQuestionsandAnswerspdffree
download::
June2,2014 iqapdf([Link] drupalinterviewquestions
([Link] LeaveaComment
([Link]
101TOPDRUPALInterviewQuestionsandAnswerspdf([Link]
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WherejQuerycodeisgettingexecuted?
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gettingexecuted/)
Whatis@interface?
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ADDCOMMENT
Requiredfieldsaremarked*.Youremailaddresswillnotbepublished.
Comment
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Website
POSTAQUESTION
Notifymeoffollowupcommentsbyemail.
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