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Huffman Encoding: 'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F'

This document describes Huffman encoding, which is an algorithm for compressing data. It works by assigning variable-length binary codes to input characters, where the most common characters get shorter codes. It builds a Huffman tree from character frequencies, assigns codes by traversing the tree, encodes a string by replacing characters with their codes, and decodes an encoded string by traversing the tree with the codes. The example shows building a tree from character frequencies, assigning codes, encoding and decoding a short string.

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132 views2 pages

Huffman Encoding: 'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F'

This document describes Huffman encoding, which is an algorithm for compressing data. It works by assigning variable-length binary codes to input characters, where the most common characters get shorter codes. It builds a Huffman tree from character frequencies, assigns codes by traversing the tree, encodes a string by replacing characters with their codes, and decodes an encoded string by traversing the tree with the codes. The example shows building a tree from character frequencies, assigning codes, encoding and decoding a short string.

Uploaded by

Rama Sugavanam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Huffman encoding

freq=[]
codes={}
freq = [(30, 'a'), (30, 'b'), (13, 'c'), (12, 'd'), (10, 'e'),(5,'f') ]

for i in sorted(freq):
print i[1],i[0]
tuples=freq
def buildTree(tuples) :
while len(tuples) > 1 :
leastTwo = tuple(tuples[0:2]) # get the 2 to combine
theRest = tuples[2:] # all the others
combFreq = leastTwo[0][0] + leastTwo[1][0] # the branch points freq
tuples = theRest + [(combFreq,leastTwo)] # add branch point to the end
tuples.sort() # sort it into place

return tuples[0] # Return the single tree inside the list

def trimTree(tree):
# Trim the freq counters off, leaving just the letters
p = tree[1] # ignore freq count in [0]
if type(p) == type(""):
return p # if just a leaf, return it
else:
return (trimTree(p[0]), trimTree(p[1])) # trim left then right and recombine

def assignCodes(node, pat=''):


global codes
if type(node) == type(""):
codes[node] = pat # A leaf. set its code
else: #
assignCodes(node[0], pat + "0") # Branch point. Do the left branch
assignCodes(node[1], pat + "1") # then do the right branch.

def encode (str) :


output = ""
for ch in str : output += codes[ch]
return output

def decode (tree, str) :


output = ""
p = tree
for bit in str :
if bit == '0' : p = p[0] # Head up the left branch
else : p = p[1] # or up the right branch
if type(p) == type("") :
output += p # found a character. Add to output
p = tree # and restart for next character
return output

tree = buildTree(tuples)
tree = trimTree(tree)
print "Trimmed tree", tree
assignCodes(tree)
print codes
en=encode('add')
print 'add encoded as ' ,en
de = decode(tree, en)
print "decoded ", de

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