AQUA SILENCER
Rahul.S.Padval1, Nitin.V.Patil2, Mahendra.P.Pachare3
1, 2, 3,
[Link] BVCOERI,Nashik,Pune University, (India)
ABSTRACT
Global warming is increasing on our earth due to major increase in the pollution. Air pollution is very serious
problem on our earth. The main component due to which the air pollution is increasing are (Co),(Nox) and lead
which is get exposed from vehicles. The other sources such as big factories,electric power,generation plants, big
industries [Link] it is required to solve these problems by taking various serious attempts.
Aqua silencer is one of the attempt taken in reduce the air pollution. It is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine or
system. These Silences is used to reduce the noise and control the emission of dangerous gases.
In aqua silencer the main component perforated tube which consists of number of different diameter
[Link] these are 4 set of holes on perforated [Link] layer is pasted over that tube and it is used
to convert high mass bubbles to low mass bubbles.
The aqua silencer reduces emission noise because, the sound produced in aqua silencer under water having less
amplitude than the sound produced in open atmosphere .These is happen because of in water molecules there
are small sprockets which lowers amplitude of emission gases and lower the sound [Link] charcoal layer
which is pasted over perforated tube can control the emission using the activated charcoal and highly porous
extra free valences so these layer having high absorption capacity.
Keywords: Aqua silencer,Charcoal layer,Noise,Extra free valences,NOX,Perforated tube,Small
sprockets.
1. INTRODUCTION
The aqua silencer system is design for replace commonly used single unit silencers in engine with its slender
structure and less [Link] play an important role in control the noise and emission of gases from [Link]
pollution causes dangerous physical effect on the human body,animal and [Link] main reason to use
aqua silencer is because now a days air pollution is increasing [Link] system reduces the dangerous
exhaust gases from the auto.
These emission controlled by the activated charcoal layer around perforated tube and lime [Link] charcoal
layer having high capacity to absorb emission gases from [Link] type charcoal layer with lime water
reacts chemically with emission gases and change the chemical structure of emission [Link] smoke or
emission gases and noise level in aqua silencer is very less than the commonly used silencers.
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II. LITERATURE REVIEW
[Link] JOURNAL TITLE YEAR AUTHOR METHODOLOGY CONCLUSION
NAME NAME
1. Elsevier Numerical 2012 X.W. keywords:- N-S 1. The outflow
simulation Zhang, Z.H. Equation With velocity
of the flow Yao, F. He parameter, distribution and
field of a V=65.1m/s inner pressure
diffused P=1.66028*10 5 pa distribution could
pneumatic K=1.21*10 -11 m2 Cf be improved by
silencer =.91*10 5 m-1 improving the
structure of
silencer.
[Link]
modifying inner
area Section or
reducing the area
of shell & end
cover.
2. Elsevier Numerical 2014 M. Hatami Keywords : Waste [Link] this paper,
study of n, heat recovery Heat engines exhaust
finned type [Link], exchanger Internal waste heat is
heat [Link]- combustion Engine recovered by
exchangers Bandpy using the finned
for ICE type heat
exhaust exchangers
waste heat numerically.
recovery [Link]
through the walls
and fins were
modelled
successfully and
the transferred
heat to cold fluid
is calculated as
the recovered
heat.
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[Link]
The main component of aqua silencer is perforated tube. It fitted at end of exhaust pipe of engine. This
perforated tube consists of different diameter holes to convert increase in mass bubbles to decreasing mass
bubbles on perforated tube. Generally 4 sets of holes are drilled. The plug is provide to close the other end of
perforated tube. The activated charcoal layer and metallic mesh covers is provided around circumference of
perforated tube. The perforated tube contains the lime water inside it which chemically reacts with exhaust gas
from the engine.
These whole unit or system is then placed in the container which is fitted with water to remove exhaust gas. The
small opening is provided at the top of water container and at the bottom of the container opening is provide for
cleaning purpose. At the top of container fulfiller plug is also provided. A non return valve is provided at the
inlet of exhaust pipe to avoid back flow of gases and water as well. If exhaust gas enter to aqua silencer,
perforated tube convert the high mass of bubbles to the low mass.
[Link] Of Aqua Silencer
1).Perforated Tube
2).Non-Return Valve
3).Outer Shell
4).Flange
5).Charcoal Layer
1).Perforated Tube:-
It consist number of hole of various diameter mainly there are four sets of [Link] is used to convert the high
mass of bubble to low mass and very important activated charcoal layer is pasted are it .
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2).Non-Return Valve:-
It is important part uses to avoid back flow of exhaust gases and water.
3).Outer Shell:-
In outer shell the whole set up is kept inside [Link] is mainly made up of steel or [Link] outlet,inlet also the
exhaust tube was provide in there shell itself.
4).Flange:-
A flange is the connection of pipe where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted
together flange is essential part it connect the silencer to engine.
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5).Charcoal Layer:-
These layer having high absorption capacity because it having large surface [Link] type of charcoal called
activated [Link] activated charcoal produce by heating it upto 1500 0C for specified hours in a
[Link] it is surface is get increasing.
[Link] OF AQUA SILENCERS
The exhaust gases from engine enters from inlet to aqua silencer then perforated tube convert high mass of
bubble to the low mass of [Link] this gases passes through charcoal layer which again purify the
[Link] charcoal layer is highly porous and possess extra free valence so it having high absorption
[Link] that gases get contact with lime water they chemically react with it.
The charcoal layer is covered with outer shell which is filled with water due to that emission noise is
[Link] sound produced in the water having less amplitude than the sound produced at [Link]
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happen because of water molecule which lower its [Link] passing over charcoal layer some of the
gases may be get dissolved into the [Link] exhaust gases escape through opening at the top of container
into the atmosphere hence from above working principle aqua silencer reduces noise and pollution.
5. EFFECT OF DISSOLVED GASES ON WATER
In this system water is very good absorbing [Link] aqua silencer gases made to dissolved in water when this
gases from engine get dissolved in water they form acid,carbonates and bicarbonates etc.
4.1).Action of dissolved Sox
4. 2).Action of dissolved CO2
4.3).Effect of dissolved Nox
5.1).Action of dissolved Sox:-
When Sox is treated with water, it form So2, So3, So4, H2So4, i.e. sulfur Acid (H2So3,), it produces Hydrogen
Sulphide which causes egg smell and causes corrosion of metals.
5.2).Action of dissolved CO2:-
The dissolved carbon dioxide forms bicarbonate at less PH and Carbonates at greater level PH. This levels 40 to
400 mg/liter. Form a scale in pipes and boilers. The carbon dioxide mixes with water to form Carbonic acid. It
causes green house effect.
5.3).Action of dissolved Nox:-
The Nitrogen in water under goes Oxidation to form ammonia, Nitrate, Nitric acid. This synthesis of protein and
amino acids is get effect by Nitrogen. Nitrate usually occurs in trace quantities in surface water. A limit of 10
mg per liters Nitrate is affordable.
VI. METHODS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION
6.1).Lime water wash method
6.2).Absorption process
6.1).Lime water wash method
The water is treated with the calculated quantities of slaked [Link] mixing the heavy precipitates settle
down as sludge at the bottom of the tank are removed from time to time.
Lime can neutralize any acid present in the water. SO2.
The precipitates dissolved carbon dioxide as calcium carbonate and converts bicarbonate ions into
carbonates.
6.1.1).The equations are given below:-
1).Ca(OH)2+SO2.CaSO3+H2O
2).Neutralizes any acid in water
2HCL+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2H2O
H2SO4+Ca(OH)2CaSO4+2H2O
3).Precipitate Bicarbonate as calcium carbonate
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CO2+Ca(OH)2.CaCO3+2H2O
4).Convert bicarbonate ions (like NaHCO3,KHCO3)etc into carbonates
NHCO3+Ca(OH)2CaCO3+H2O+Na2CO3
6.1.2).Limitation Of Lime Water Wash Method:-
Quantity of neutralization capacity is in specified limit
Its handling is very difficult
It is costly
It having ability of Regenerations.
6.2).Absorption process:-
Activated charcoal is available in powdered or granular form. As it is highly possess free valencies and it is
highly [Link] it posses high absorption capacity.
Activated carbon is mainly used for the removal of taste and impurities from the public water supplies.
Because it has high properties of attracting gases, it divided solid particles and phenol type impurities, The
activated carbon, usually in the powdered form is added to the water either before or after the coagulation
with sedimentation.
6.2.1).ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION PROCESS:-
It increases the coagulation power of the process.
Chlorine demand is reduces by use of these method.
The excessive dose of activated carbon is not harmful.
The treatment process is very simple.
The efficiency of removing color, impurities and tate is quite high.
It can be easily regenerated.
It has excellent properties of attracting gases.
VII. MERITS AND DEMERITS
MERITS:-
1. Vibration less running of engine
2. Easily engine gets start
3. Emission and Noise is controlled at greater level
DEMERITS:-
1. Once in year there is requirement of filling of lime water.
2. More requirement of space
3. The weight of silencer get increases
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VIII. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT:-
TABLE NO.1
Prescribed Standard Measured level CO Prescribed Standard Measured level HC
CO HC Ordinary
Ordinary Silencer 3.50 0.85. 4500 837
Aqua 3.50 0.5 4500 429
Silencer
IX. CONCLUSION
An Aqua Silencer having more efficiency to reduce emission gases from engine using lime water,charcoal layer
and perforated tube with the use of perforated tube back pressure always remains constant and sound level of
exhaust reduces. Contamination of water remain very very less in aqua silencer. In this system fuel consumption
remain same as conventional silencers because the use of perforated tube. Due to use of water as a medium
sound reduces these system having pollution free emission and smokeless. These system is very [Link]
system is used for both four wheelers and two wheelers. It plays important role in industries
X. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AQUA SILENCER had been a wonderful subject to research upon, which leads ones mind to explore new
heights in the field of Mechanical Engineering .We wish to express my senior thanks and deep sense of gratitude
to respected guide [Link] in department of Mechanical Engg. of BVCOE&RI,Nashik,Maharashtra for
the technical advice,encouragement and constructive criticism,which motivated us to strive harder for
excellence.
XI. REFERRENCES
I.C Engines- Ganesan,M.L Mathur,[Link]
[Link]/Aquasilencer
[Link]
[Link]
Environmental pollution analysis-khopkar
Development of Emission and Noise Control Device International Journal of Modern Trends In Engg.
And Research,Vol.4,Issue.4
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