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Revision Notes: M1: Velocity and Displacement Vectors

The document provides revision notes on various topics in mechanics including kinematics, dynamics, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, friction, work, energy, power, collisions, circular motion, and center of mass. Key concepts covered include the relationships between displacement, velocity, and acceleration; impulse and momentum; Newton's second law; work and kinetic and potential energy; and equations of motion for projectiles, simple harmonic motion, and circular paths. Formulas and definitions are given for important quantities.

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akil
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109 views3 pages

Revision Notes: M1: Velocity and Displacement Vectors

The document provides revision notes on various topics in mechanics including kinematics, dynamics, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, friction, work, energy, power, collisions, circular motion, and center of mass. Key concepts covered include the relationships between displacement, velocity, and acceleration; impulse and momentum; Newton's second law; work and kinetic and potential energy; and equations of motion for projectiles, simple harmonic motion, and circular paths. Formulas and definitions are given for important quantities.

Uploaded by

akil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

REVISION NOTES: M1

VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT VECTORS

If a body starts from a point with position vector r0 , then at time t, the position
of the body is given by: r = r0 + tv

CONSTANT ACCELERATION

1 2 (u v )t
s ut at v u at v 2 u 2 2as s
2 2

KINEMATICS

On a velocity / Time graph

The gradient represents acceleration


The area under the graph represents the distance travelled

MOMENTUM

Momentum = Mass Velocity

In a collision the total momentum is conserved.

NEWTONS 2ND LAW

Force = Rate of Change of momentum

mv mu m(v u )
i.e. F ma in vector form, F = ma
t t

n.b. When applying F = ma , F means the Resultant force

IMPULSE

Impulse = Change in Momentum, i.e. I = mv mu = Ft

FRICTION

In general F N, however if a body is on the point of moving ( i.e. in


limiting equilibrium ) or in motion then: F = N.

MOMENTS

The moment of a force about a point is defined as:

The magnitude of the force multiplied by the perpendicular distance of the line
of action from the point.
REVISION NOTES: M2
KINEMATICS

ds
v
dt
so s vdt

dv d 2 s
a
dt dt 2
so v adt

dr dv d 2 r
In vector form: v r a v r
dt dt dt 2

PROJECTILES

The vertical motion is constant acceleration, hence use the v, u, a, s, t formulae


Distance
The horizontal motion is constant speed so use: Speed or s = vt
Time

CENTRE OF MASS

The general principle is that:

The moment of the whole body = Sum of the moments of the individual parts.

WORK AND ENERGY

The Work Done by a force is defined as:


The Magnitude of Force Distance moved in the direction of the force.
i.e Work Done = Fs

Potential Energy PE = mgh


1
Kinetic Energy KE = mv 2
2
In general:
The initial (PE +KE) + Work Done = Final ( PE + KE )

POWER

Power is the rate at which work is done


For a moving vehicle Power = Force velocity
P
When applying F = ma use F
v

COLLISIONS

Newtons Law of Restitution states: v1 v2 = -e ( u1 u2 )


REVISION NOTES: M3
VARIABLE ACCELERATION

dv dv
Use a or a v to set up a differential equation.
dt dx

ENERGY

x 2
Elastic Potential Energy EPE =
2l
The General Energy Equation can now be extended to:

Initial (PE + KE + EPE ) + Work Done = Final ( PE + KE + EPE )

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION ( SHM )

2
The equation of motion is of the form x 2 x ; T=

This has solutions : v 2 2 (a 2 x 2 ) and x = A Cos t + B Sin t

n.b. If x = a when t = 0, then x = a Cos t


If x = 0 when t = 0, then x = a Sin t ( v > 0 )

CIRCULAR MOTION

When a particle moves in a horizontal circle, the angular speed is normally constant,
and is denoted by . In this case the only acceleration is towards the centre of the
circle and has magnitude :
v2
r2 or .
r
If the angular speed is not constant e.g. Vertical circular motion, as well as
dv
acceleration r 2 towards the centre, there is tangential acceleration r or .
dt

CENTRE OF MASS

b b
1
xydx 2y
2
dx
For a Lamina x ; y
a a
b b For a Solid of Revolution
ydx
a
ydx
a
b

xy
2
dx
x a
b

y
2
dx
a

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