EVIDENCE

Judge Jaime Fortunato A. Caringal

Administrative Matters

Basis for Evaluation:

Finals 40%
Midterms 30%
Recitation 20%
Attendance 10%

The class will be required to submit a digest of all the cases assigned, as a form of class
output. This will be taken into consideration as part of the recitation component of the final
grade.
Time permitting, there will also be a moot court activity. Details of the said activity will be
discussed in class.
The Professor, in his discretion, may assign students to report on the following topics:
o Rules on Electronic Evidence [A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC, Resolutions dated 17 July
2001 and 24 September 2002]
o Rule on DNA Evidence [A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC, 02 October 2007]
o Rule on the Examination of a Child Witness [A.M. 00-4-07-SC, 21 November 2000]
o Judicial Affidavit Rule [A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC, 04 September 2012]

Grade Equivalents:

97 100 = 1.00
94 96 = 1.25
90 93 = 1.50
87 89 = 1.75
83 86 = 2.00
80 82 = 2.25
77 79 = 2.50
74 76 = 2.75
70 73 = 3.00
0 69 = 5.00

I. Introduction and Admissibility of Evidence

A. General Principles (Sections 1-4, Rule 128)

Also cf. Agreements and Stipulations of Fact Rule 18, secs. 2(d), 6(b), 7; Rule 30, sec. 6;

Rule 118, sec. 1(b)
Conclusive Presumptions Rule 131, section 2
Judgment on the Pleadings Rule 35
Judicial Notice and Admissions Rule 129, sections 1 and 4
Rules on Electronic Evidence, Rule 1, Section 2

Republic v. Sandiganbayan GR No. 90487 (21 Nov. 1991)

Dela Llano v. Biong GR No. 182356 (04 Dec. 2013)
Prats v. Phoenix Insurance 2 Phil. 807 (1929)
5
 People vs. Abalos 30 SCRA 599 (1969)
Reyes v. Court of Appeals 16 SCRA 25 (1992)
2

People v. Turco 37 SCRA 714 (2000)

3

Knapp v. State 9 NE 1076 (1907)

7

Tating v. Marcella 19 SCRA 79 (2007)

5

B. Relevance (Sections 3 & 4, Rule 128)

Lopez v. Heesen 365 P.2d 448 (1961)

State v. Ball 339 S.W. 2d 783 (1960)
People v. Galleno 291 SCRA 761 (1998)
People v. Calumpang 54 SCRA 719 (2005)
4

C. Competence (Section 3, Rule 128)

1. Exclusionary Rules Under the 1987 Constitution

a. Sections 2 and 3, Art. III

b. Section 12, Art. III
c. Section 17, Art III

Kastigar v. U.S. 406 441 (1972)

Galman v. Pamaran 138 SCRA 294 (1985)

2. Statutory Rules of Exclusion

a. Section 201, Tax Reform Act of 1997

b. R.A. 1405, Law on Secrecy of Bank Deposits
c. R.A. 4200, otherwise known as the Wiretapping Act (in re R.A. 9372)
d. R.A. 7438, Section 2(d)

Gaanan v. IAC 145 SCRA 112 (1986)

Ramirez v. CA 248 SCRA 590 (1995)
Mamba v. Garcia 359 SCRA 426 (2001)
Ejercito v. Sandiganbayan 09 SCRA 190 (2006)
5

D. Other Matters

Competence and Credibility


Serra v. Mumar 668 SCRA 335 (2012)
People v. Sabadlab 668 SCRA 237 (2012)
Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Reyes 44 SCRA 206 (2008)
5

Bastian v. Court of Appeals 52 SCRA 43 (2008)

5

People v. Camat 67 SCRA 640 (2012)

6

People v. Mangundayao 67 SCRA 310 (2012)

6

Multiple Admissibility
Conditional Admissibility
Curative Admissibility
Direct and Circumstantial Evidence

People v. Matito 423 SCRA 617 (2004)

People v. Lara GR No. 199877 (13 Aug. 2013)
People v. Ochate 385 SCRA 353 (2002)

Cumulative and Corroborative Evidence

Manganey v. Sandiganbayan 546 SCRA 51 (2008)

Positive and Negative Evidence; Alibi; Frame-Up; Delay in Reporting

People v. Mendoza 543 SCRA 328 (2005)

Tan v. Pacuribot 540 SCRA 246 (2007)
People v. Nueva 570 SCRA 449 (2008)
People v. Baro 383 SCRA 75 (2002)
People v. Bautista 666 SCRA 518 (2012)
People v. Navarro 297 SCRA 331 (1998)

II. What Need Not Be Proved

A. Judicial Notice (Sections 1 to 3, Rule 129)

Manufacturers Hanover Trust v. Guerrero 397 SCRA 709 (2003)

People v. Rullepa 398 SCRA 567 (2003)
BPI Family Savings Bank v. CTA 330 SCRA 507 (2000)
 Landbank of the Philippines v. Banal 434 SCRA 543 (2004)
Pigao v. Rabanillo 488 SCRA 546 (2006)
Republic v. Sandiganbayan GR No. 152375 (13 Dec. 2011)
State Prosecutors v. Muro 236 SCRA 505 (1994)
Vda. De Catalan v. Catalan-Lee 665 SCRA 487 (2012)
Calamba Steel Center v. Commissioner 457 SCRA 482 (2005)

B.
Judicial Admissions
Rule 129, Section 4; Rule 10, Section 8; Rule 9, Section 1; Rule 26, Sections 1 to 4;
Rule 118, Section 2; Civil Code, Articles 12 and 2035; Family Code, Articles 48 & 60

Herrera-Felix v. Court of Appeals 436 SCRA 87 (2004)

Heirs of Clemea v. Heirs of Bien 501 SCRA 405 (2006)
Tan v. Rodil 11 SCRA 162 (2006)
5

People v. Lacson 13 SCRA 20 (2003)

4

Philippine Charter Insurance v. Central Colleges 666 SCRA 540 (2012)

Cuenco v. Talisay Tourist Sports Complex 569 SCRA 616 (2009)
Ching v. Court of Appeals 31 SCRA 16 (2000)
3

Alfelor v. Halasan 86 SCRA 451 (2006)

4

Atillo III v. Court of Appeals 66 SCRA 596 (1997)

2

III. Rules of Admissibility

A. Real / Object and Demonstrative Evidence

Rule 130, Sections 1 & 2; Rule 135, Section 2; Rule 28

People v. Bardaje 99 SCRA 388 (1980)

Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Reyes 544 SCRA 206 (2008)
People v. Larraaga 463 SCRA 652 (2005)
Dela Cruz v. People GR No. 200748 (23 July 2014)
Sison v. People 250 SCRA 58 (1995)
People v. Rullepa 398 SCRA 567 (2003)
People v. Yatar 428 SCRA 505 (2004)
Malilin v. People 553 SCRA 619 (2008)

B. Documentary Evidence
 Yap v. Inopiquez, Jr. 403 SCRA 141 (2003)
1. Best Evidence Rule
Rule 130, Sections 2-8; Rule 132, Sections 16 and 18, 19-33; Civil Code, Articles 265-267;
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (R.A. 8792), Sections 5, 6-15; Rules on Electronic Evidence, Rule 2,
Section 1; Rule 3; Rule 4.

Vda. de Corpuz v. Brabangco (C.A.) 59 O.G. 8262 (1963)

People v. Tan 105 Phil. 1242 (1959)
Compania Maritima v. Allied Free Workers Union 77 SCRA 24 (1977)
Villa Rey Transit, Inc. v. Ferrer 25 SCRA 845 (1968)
People v. Tandoy 192 SCRA 28 (1990)
Citibank N.A. Mastercard v. Teodoro 11 SCRA 577 (2003)
4

Tenebro v. Court of Appeals 23 SCRA 272 (2004)

4

Lee v. People 40 SCRA 662 (2004)

4

Consolidated Bank v. Del Monte 65 SCRA 117 (2006)

4

Republic v. Marcos-Manotoc R No. 171701 (08 Feb. 2012)

G

Arceo v. People 96 SCRA 204 (2006)

4

Magdayao v. People 36 SCRA 677 (2004)

4

Heir of Dela Cruz v. Court of Appeals 98 SCRA 172 (1998)

2

2. Parole Evidence Rule

Rule 130, Sections 9-19; Rule 63, Sections 1 & 6; Civil Code, Articles 1359-1368, 1370-1379,
1403, 1405, 1443; Negotiable Instruments Law; Sections 11, 17 & 24

Enriquez v. Ramos 6 SCRA 219 (1962)

Canuto v. Mariano 37 Phil 840 (1918)
Yu Tek and Co. v. Gonzales 9 Phil 384 (1915)
2

LASEDECO v. Garcia Plantation Co, Inc. SCRA 750 (1963)

7

Woodhouse v. Halili 3 Phil 526 (1953)

9

Cruz v. Court of Appeals 92 SCRA 209 (1990)

1

Edrada v. Ramos 68 SCRA 597 (2005)

4

Lechugas v. CA 43 SCRA 335 (1986)

1

Inciong v. CA 57 SCRA 578 (1996)

2

Ortaez v. CA 66 SCRA 561 (1997)

2

Palanca v. Fred Wilson & Co. 7 Phil. 506 (1918)

3

Phil. Natl. Railways v. CIR of Albay, Br. I 3 SCRA 569 (1978)

8

Filipinas Manufacturers v. Easter Rizal Fabricators 50 SCRA 443 (1987)

1
 Lapu Lapu Foundation v. Court of Appeals 421 SCRA 328 (2004)
Baluyot v. Poblete 514 SCRA 370 (2007)
Heirs of Ureta v. Heirs of Ureta R No. 165748 (14 Sept. 2011)
G

Financial Building Corporation v. Rudlin R No. 164186 (04 Oct. 2010)

G

C. Testimonial Evidence

1. Testimonial Qualification (Rule 130, Section 20)

Also cf. Art. 821, Civil Code; Rule 119, Section 17

People v. Mendoza 254 SCRA 18 (1996)

Recto v. Republic 440 SCRA 79 (2004)

A. Mental Incapacity or Immaturity (Rule 130, Section 21)
Also cf. Child Witness Rule, Section 6

People v. De Jesus 129 SCRA 4 (1984)

People v. Deauna 386 SCRA 136 (2002)
People v. Macapal, Jr. 463 SCRA 387 (2005)
People v. Santos 501 SCRA 325 (2006)

B. Marital Disqualification (Rule 130, Section 22)

Ordoo v. Daquigan 62 SCRA 270 (1975)

People v. Castaeda, Jr. 88 SCRA 562 (1979)
People v. Francisco 78 Phil. 694 (1947)
Lezama v. Rodriguez 23 SCRA 1166 (1968)
Alvarez v. Ramirez 473 SCRA 72 (2005)

C. Dead Mans Statute (Rule 130, Section 23)

Guerrero v. St. Claires Realty & Co. 124 SCRA 553 (1983)
Abraham v. Recto-Kasten 4 SCRA 298 (1962)
Goi v. CA 144 SCRA 222 (1986)
Tongco v. Vianzon 0 Phil. 698 (1927)
5

Lichauco v. Atlantic Gulf 4 Phil 330 (1949)

8

Razon v. IAC 07 SCRA 234 (1992)

2
 Go Chi Gun v. Co Cho 96 Phil. 622 (1955)
Icard v. Masigan 71 Phil. 419 (1941)
Sunga-Chan v. Chua 363 SCRA 249 (2001)
Ong Chua v. Carr 53 Phil. 975 (1929)
Asturias v. Court of Appeals SCRA 131 (1963)
9

D.
Privileged Communications
Also cf. Rule 3, Section 3 of the Rules on Electronic Evidence

a. Marital Communications [Rule 130, Section 24(a)]

People v. Carlos 47 Phil. 626 (1925)

United States v. Antipolo 7 Phil. 726 (1916)
3

People v. Francisco 8 Phil. 694 (1947)

7

Lacurom v. Jacoba 84 SCRA 206 (2006)

4

b. Attorney-Client Privilege [Rule 130, Section 24(b)]

Uy Chico v. Union Life 29 Phil 163 (1915)

Regala v. Sandiganbayan 262 SCRA 124 (1996)
Barton v. Leyte Asphalt & Mineral Oil Co. 6 Phil. 938 (1924)
4

Orient Insurance v. Revilla 4 Phil. 919 (1930)

5

Hickman v. Taylor 29 U.S. 495 (1947)

3

Upjohn Company v. U.S. 49 U.S. 383 (1981)

4

McGee v. Estrelle, Jr. 32 F.2d 447 (1983)

7

People v. Sandiganbayan 75 SCRA 505 (1997)

2

Mercado v. Vitrolo 59 SCRA 1 (2005)

4

c. Physician-Patient Privilege [Rule 130, Section 24(c); See Rule 28, Section 4]

Lim v. Court of Appeals 214 SCRA 273 (1992)

Krohn v. Court of Appeals 233 SCRA 146 (1994)
Gonzales v. Court of Appeals 298 SCRA 322 (1998)

d. Priest/Minister Penitent Privilege [Rule 130, Section 24(d)]

 e. State Secrets [Rule 130, Section 24(e)]

U.S. v. Nixon 418 U.S. 683 (1974)

Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board 42 SCRA 523 (1986)
1
**see Section 16, RA 7653 (New Central Bank Act)

Almonte v. Vasquez 244 SCRA 286 (1995)

Senate v. Ermita 488 SCRA 1 (2006)

f. Parental & Filial Privilege (Rule 130, Section 25; Art. 215, Civil Code)

People v. invencion 398 SCRA 592 )2003)

g. Newsmans Privilege (R.A. 53, as amended by R.A. 1477)

In the Matter of Farber 394 A.2d 330 (1978)

Yambot v. Tuquero GR No. 169895 (23 March 2011)

h. Informers Privilege

Mc.Cray v. Illinois 386 U.S. 300 (1967)

See also Rule 119, Sec. 9; Rep. Act No. 6981 (Witness Protection Security and Benefit Act). Sec.
11; P.D. 749 (granting immunity from prosecution to givers of bribes and other gifts and to their
accomplices in bribery and other graft cases against public officers)

i. Trade Secrets

Air Philippines Corp. v. Pennswell GR No. 172835 (13 Dec.

2007)
IV. Admissions and Confessions

A. Admissions Against Interest (Rule 130, Sections 26 & 32; see also Rule 132, Sec. 13)

Viacrucis v. CA 44 SCRA 176 (1972)

Keller & Co., Ltd. v. COB Group Mktg. 141 SCRA 86 (1986)
People v. Paragsa 84 SCRA 105 (1978)
People v. Alegre 94 SCRA 109 (1979)
Philippine Trust Co. v. Antigua Botics Ramirez 56 Phil. 562 (1932)
 Rufina Patis Factory v. Alustain 434 SCRA 491 (2004)

Estate of Yujuico v. Republic 537 SCRA 513 (2007)

B. Compromises (Rule 130, Section 27; see also Rule 116, Section 1(f); Rule 118, Sections 1
and 2; RA 8424, Section 204; PD 1508, Sections 2, 4, 6 and 10)

Varadero v. Insular Lumber 46 Phil. 176 (1924)

U.S. v. Torres 34 Phil. 994 (1916)
People v. Godoy 250 SCRA 676 (1995)
People v. De Guzman 65 SCRA 228 (1996)
2

People v. Yparriguirre 68 SCRA 35 (1997)

2

People v. Maqui 7 Phil. 97 (1914)

2

Hawthorne v. Eckerson Co. 7 F.2d 844 (1935)

7

People v. Lambid 12 SCRA 417 (2003)

4

C. Res Inter Alios Acta (Rule 130, Sections 28 and 34)

People v. Alegre 94 SCRA 109 (1979)

People v. Raquel 265 SCRA 248 (1996)
Alvizo v. Sandiganbayan 06 SCRA 311 (2003)
4

People v. Gaudia 23 SCRA 520 (2004)

4

D. Exceptions to the Res Inter Alios Acta Rule

1. Partners/Agents Admissions (Rule 130, Section 29; See also Rule 138, Section 23)

Acenas v. Sison 8 SCRA 711 (1963)

2. Co-conspirators Statements (Rule 130, Section 30)

People v. Cabrera 57 SCRA 715 (1974)

People v. Yatco 97 Phil. 941 (1955)
People v. Chaw Yaw Shun 3 SCRA 127 (1968)
2

People v. Serrano 05 Phil. 531 (1959)

1

Gardiner v. Magsalin 3 Phil. 114 (1941)

7

People v. Camat 56 SCRA 52 (1996)

2
 People v. Palijon 343 SCRA 486 (2000)
People v. Buntag 427 SCRA 180 (2004)
Preagido, et al. v. Sandiganbayan 76 SCRA 143 (2005)
4

3. dmission By Privies (Rule 130, Section 31)
A

Alpuerto v. Pastor 38 Phil. 785 (1918)

City of Manila v. Del Rosario Phil. 227 (1905)
5

Republic v. Sandiganbayan 05 SCRA 190 (2003)

4

E. Confessions

1. Art. III, Sections 12 and 17, 1987 Consti; Rule 130, Section 33, Rule 133, Section 3

People v. Compil 244 SCRA 135 (1995)

People v. Wong Chuen Ming 56 SCRA 182 (1996)
2

People v. Alegre 4 SCRA 109 (1979)

9

People v. Maqueda 42 SCRA 565 (1995)

2

Parker v. Randolph 42 U.S. 62 (1979)

4

People v. Molas 18 SCRA 473 (1993)

2

Zapanta v. People R No. 170863 (20 March 2013)

G

V. Conduct and Character As Evidence

A. Rule 130, Secs. 34-35; 51; Rule 132, Sections 3 and 14; Article 1256, Civil Code;
Section 6, RA 8505

U.S. v. Pineda 37 Phil. 457 (1918)

People v. Irang 64 Phil. 285 (1937)
U.S. v. Mercado 26 Phil. 127 (1913)
Michelson v. United States 35 U.S. 469 (1948)
3

People v. Asinas 3 Phil. 59 (1929)

5

Nicolas v. Enriquez 7 Phil. 286 (1955)

9

United States v. Evangelista 4 Phil. 453 (1913)

2

People v. Steele 2 Ill.2d 142, 174 N.E.2d 848 (1961)

2

Baldridge v. Matthews 78 Pa.566, 106 A.2d 809 (1954)

3

Boston Bank v. Manalo 82 SCRA 108 (2006)

4
 People v. Soliman 101 Phil. 767 (1957)
People v. Babiera 52 Phil. 97 (1928)
People v. Cheng 279 SCRA 129 (1997)
Civil Service Commission v. Belagan 40 SCRA 578 (2004)
4

VI. Hearsay Rule

A. Testimonial Knowledge (Rule 130, Section 36)

People v. Brioso 37 SCRA 336 (1971)

People v. Cusi, Jr. 14 SCRA 944 (1965)
People v. Gaddi 170 SCRA 649 (1989)
Leake v. Hagert 175 N.W.2d 675 (1970)
U.S. v. Zenni 492 F.Supp. 464 (1980)
Richmond v. Anchuelo Phil. 596 (1905)
4

Ohio v. Roberts 48 U.S. 56 (1980)

4

Dasmarias Garments, Inc. v. Reyes 25 SCRA 622 (1993)

2

California v. Green 99 U.S. 149 (1970)

3

Estrada v. Desierto 56 SCRA 108 (2001)

3

Lea Mer Industries v. Malayan Insurance 71 SCRA 698 (2005)

4

Patula v. People 69 SCRA 135 (2012)

6

B. Exceptions:

1. Dying Declaration (Rule 130, Section 37)

People v. Laquinon 135 SCRA 91 (1985)

People v. Sabio 102 SCRA 218 (1981)
People v. De Joya 203 SCRA 343 (1991)
People v. Salison, Jr. 253 SCRA 758 (1996)
Marturillas v. People 487 SCRA 273 (2006)
People v. Salafranca GR No. 173476 (22 Feb. 2012)
People v. Cerilla 539 SCRA 251 (2007)

2. Declaration Against Interest (Rule 130, Section 38)

People v. Majuri 96 SCRA 472 (1980)
People v. Toledo 51 Phil. 825 (1928)
Fuentes v. CA 253 SCRA 430 (1996)
Parel v. Prudencio 487 SCRA 405

3. Pedigree (Rule 130, Section 39)

Gravador v. Mamigo 0 SCRA 742 (1967)
2

People v. Alegado 01 SCRA 37 (1991)

2

Tison v. CA 76 SCRA 582 (1997)

2

4. Family Tradition (Rule 130, Section 40)

Ferrer v. de Ynchausti 38 Phil. 905 (1918)

People v. Alegado 201 SCRA 37 (1991)

5. Common Reputation (Rule 130, Section 41)

Ferrer v. de Ynchausti 38 Phil. 905 (1918)

City of Manila v. Del Rosario 5 Phil. 227 (1905)

6. Res Gestae (Rule 130, Section 42)

People v. Lungayan 162 SCRA 100 (1988)

People v. Putian 74 SCRA 133 (1976)
People v. Tolentino 218 SCRA 337 (1993)
People v. Ner 28 SCRA 1151 (1969)
Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Hillmon 45 U.S. 285 (1892)
1

DBP Pool v. Radio Mindanao Network 80 SCRA 314 (2006)

4

People v. VIllarico, Sr. 47 SCRA 43 (2011)

6

7. Entries in the Course of Business (Rule 130, Section 42)

Palmer v. Hoffman 318 U.S. 109 (1943)

Nolan v. Salas 7 Phil. 1 (1906)
Canque v. CA 305 SCRA 579 (1999)
Sadagnot v. Reinier Pacific International Shipping GR No. 152636 (8 Aug. 2007)
 8. Official Records (Rule 130, Section 44)

Caltex v. Africa 16 SCRA 448 (1966)
People v. Leones 117 SCRA 382 (1982)
Manalo v. Robles Trans. Co., Inc. 9 Phil. 729 (1956)
9

People v. Cabuang 17 SCRA 675 (1993)

2

People v. San Gabriel 53 SCRA 84 (1996)

2

United States v. Que Ping 0 Phil. 17 (1919)

4

Escobar v. Luna 19 SCRA 1 (2007)

5

9. Commercial lists (Rule 130, Section 45)

PNOC Shipping v. Court of Appeals 297 SCRA 402 (1998)

10. Learned Treatises (Rule 130, Section 46)

Estrada v. Noble 49 OG 139 (1952)

11. Prior Testimony (Rule 130, Section 47)

Tan v. CA 20 SCRA 54 (1967)

Ohio v. Roberts 448 U.S. 56 (1980)
Manliclic v. Calaunan 12 SCRA 642 (2007)
5

Republic v. Sandiganbayan R No. 152375 (13 Dec. 2011)

G

VII. Opinion Rule

Rule 130, Sections 48 to 50; see also Rule 132, Section 22; Rule on DNA Evidence

Dilag & Co. v. Merced 45 O.G. 5536 (1949)

U.S. v. Trono 3 Phil. 213 (1904)
People v. Adoviso 309 SRA 1 (1999)
Brunker v. Cummins 33 Ind. 443, 32 N.E. 732 (1892)
1

Een v. Consolidated Freightways 20 F. Supp. 289 (1954)

1

United States v. Ridling 50 F. Supp. 90 (E.D., Mich., 1972)

3

Ruth v. Fenchel 1 N.J. 171, 121 A.2d 373, (1956)

2

Galian v. State Assurance Co. 9 Phil. 413 (1915)

2
 Tijing v. Court of Appeals 354 SCRA 17 (2001)
People v. Duranan 349 SCRA 180 (2001)
Ilao-Quianay v. Mapile 474 SCRA 246 (2005)
People v. Umanito GR No. 172607 (26 Oct. 2007)

VIII. Burden of Proof and Presumptions

Relate to Burden of Evidence

Bautista v. Sarmiento 138 SCRA 587 (1985)

Asian Construction v. Tulabut 57 SCRA 317 (2005)
4

Equipoise Doctrine

Marubeni v. Lirag 362 SCRA 620 (2001)

Malana v. People 549 SCRA 451 (2008)

A. Rule 131, Section 1

1. Civil Cases

Pornellosa v. Land Tenure Admin. 1 SCRA 375 (1961)

IFC v. Tobias 8 SCRA 28 (1977)
7

Sambar v. Levi Strauss 78 SCRA 364 (2002)

3

Prudential Guarantee v. TransAsia Shipping 91 SCRA 411 (2006)

4

2. Criminal Cases

People v. Pajenado 31 SCRA 812 (1970)

People v. Verzola 80 SCRA 600 (1977)
Patterson v. New York 432 U.S. 19 (1977)
People v. Macalaba 395 SCRA 461 (2003)
People v. Florendo 413 SCRA 132 (2003)

3. Presumptions (Rule 131, Sections 2 to 4)

Pascual v. Angeles 4 Phil. 604 (1905)

 Ormachea v. Trillana 13 Phil. 194 (1909)
People v. Padiernos 69 SCRA 484 (1976)

Yee Hem v. United States 268 U.S. 178 (1925)

County Court of Ulster v. Allen 442 U.S. 140 (1979)
Sandstrom v. Montana 442 U.S. 140 (1979)
People v. Magbanua 428 SCRA 617 (2004)
Mabunga v. People 429 SCRA 518 (2004)
Ong v. Sandiganbayan 470 SCRA 7 (2005)
Pilipinas Bank v. Glee Chemical 90 SCRA 663 (2006)
4

Surtida v. Rural Bank of Malinao 11 SCRA 507 (2006)a

5

IX. Presentation of Evidence

A.
Examination of Witnesses [Rule 132, Sections 1 and 2; Rule on the Conduct of Pre-Trial (AM
No. 03-1-09-SC); Judicial Affidavit Rule; Rule on Examination of A Child Witness; Rules on
Electronic Evidence, Rule 10)

People v. Estenzo 72 SCRA 428 (1976)

People v. Go 394 SCRA 428 (2002)
People v. Bisda 406 SCRA 454 (2003)

B. Rights of a Witness (Rule 132, Section 3; RA 1379, Section 8; PD 749)

Galman v. Pamaran 138 SCRA 294 (1985)

Herrera v. Alba 460 SCRA 197 (2005)
Rosete v. Lim 490 SCRA 125 (2006)

C. Order of Examination [Rule 132, Sections 4 to 10; Rule 115, Section 1(d)]

Dela Paz v. IAC 154 SCRA 65 (1987)
Fulgado v. CA 182 SCRA 81 (1982)
Capitol Subdivision v. Province Negros Occidental 99 Phil. 633 (1956)

D. Impeachment of Witnesses (Rule 132, Sections 11 to 15; Rule 23, Section 4)

US v. Mercado 26 Phil. 127 (1913)

 Office of the Court Administrator v. Morante 428 SCRA 1 (2004)
Civil Service Commission v. Belagan 440 SCRA 578 (2004)

E. Reference to Writing (Rule 132, Sections 16 to 18)

Canque v. CA 305 SCRA 579 (1999)

People v. Dela Cruz 384 SCRA 375 (2002)

X. Authentication and Proof of Documents

A. Public Documents (Rule 132, Sections 19, 23 to 30; Civil Code, Art. 408; RA 8424, Sec. 201)

Pacific Asia Overseas v. NLRC 161 SCRA 122 (1988)

People v. Lazaro 17 SCRA 435 (1999)
3

Delfin v. Billones 85 SCRA 38 (2006)

4

Sevilla v. Cardenas 97 SCRA 428 (2006)

4

B. Private Documents (Rule 132, Sections 20 to 22, 32 to 33)

Bartolome v. IAC (now CA) 183 SCRA 102 (1990)

Cequena v. Bolante 330 SCRA 216 (2000)
Malayan Insurance v. Philippine Nails and Wires 380 SCRA 374 (2002)
Jimenez v. Commission on Ecumenical Mission 383 SCRA 326 (2002)
Pan Pacific Industrial Sales v. Court of Appeals 482 SCRA 164 (2006)
Nacu v. Civil Service Commission R No. 187752 (23 Nov. 2010)
G

C. Alteration in Documents (Rule 132, Section 31)

Cabotaje v. Padunan 436 SCRA 423 (2004)

Cirelos v. Hernandez 490 SCRA 635 (2006)

D. Electronic Evidence

Aznar v. Citibank 519 SCRA 287 (2007)

Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud 69 SCRA 439 (2005)
4

MCC Industrial Sales v. Ssangyong R No. 170633 (17 Oct. 2007)

G
 Torres v. PAGCOR GR No. 193531 (06 Dec. 2011)

XI. Offer and Objection

Rule 132, Section 34 to 40

Ong v. Court of Appeals 301 SCRA 387 (1999)

Heirs of Lourdes Saez Sabanpan v. Comorposa 408 SCRA 692 (2003)
Cabugao v. People 35 SCRA 624 (2004)
4

Yu v. CA 76 SCRA 443 (2005)

4

Valencia v. Sandiganbayan 73 SCRA 279 (2005)

4

Parel v. Prudencio 87 SCRA 405 (2006)

4

Ramos v. Dizon 98 SCRA 17 (2006)

4

Tan v. People 00 SCRA 172 (2006)

5

Dizon v. Court of Tax Appeals 53 SCRA 111 (2008)

5

Catacutan v. People R No. 175991 (31 Aug. 2011)

G

Aludos v. Suerte 75 SCRA 413 (2012)

6

XII. Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence

A. Civil Cases (Rule 133, Section 1)

Habagat Grill v. DMC-Urban Property Developer 454 SCRA 653 (2005)

Hun Hyung Park v. Eung Wan Choi 15 SCRA 502 (2007)
5

Spouses Sevilla v. Court of Appeals R No. 150284 (22 Nov. 2010)

G

B. Criminal Cases (Rule 133, Section 2 to 4)

Ungsod bv. People 478 SCRA 282 (2005)

Maturillas v. People 487 SCRA 273 (2006)
People v. Villanueva 506 SCRA 280 (2006)
People v. Del Mundo 510 SCRA 554 (2006)
People v Padua 516 SCRA 590 (2007)

C. Administrative Cases (Rule 133 Section 5; also see Rule on Writ of Amparo, Sec. 17)

Reyes v. Magno 450 SCRA 27 (2005)

 Ramos Vda de Brigino v. Ramos 481 SCRA 546 (2006)
Nacu v. Civil Service Commission GR No. 187752 (23 Nov. 2010)

Duduaco v. Laquindanum 466 SCRA 428 (2005)
Gutierrez v. Belen 555 SCRA 424 (2008)

D. Clear and Convincing Evidence

Government of Hong Kong v. Olalia, Jr. 521 SCRA 470 (2007)

Rivera v. Mendoza 97 SCRA 608 (2006)
4

Alonso v. Cebu Country Club 17 SCRA 115 (2002)

4

People v. Boco 09 SCRA 42 (1999)

3

E. Credibility of Witnesses

People v. Domingcil 419 SCRA 291 (2003)

People v. Alcantara 427 SCRA 673 (2004)

F. Termination of Presentation of Evidence (Rule 133, Section 6)

People v. Subida 493 SCRA 125 (2006)

G. Evidence on Motion (Rule 133, Section 7)

Bravo, Jr. v. Soria 134 SCRA 466 (1985)

People v. Monteiro 192 SCRA 548 (1990)
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