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Syok

The document discusses shock (syok) which is a clinical syndrome caused by tissue hypoperfusion leading to cellular dysfunction. It defines hypotension and describes methods for assessing blood pressure. It then covers the pathophysiology of shock and lists signs and symptoms for diagnosis. Treatment principles are outlined for hypovolemic, distributive, and cardiogenic shock. Resuscitation endpoints and considerations for special patient groups are also mentioned.

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Stephen Masengi
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
49 views3 pages

Syok

The document discusses shock (syok) which is a clinical syndrome caused by tissue hypoperfusion leading to cellular dysfunction. It defines hypotension and describes methods for assessing blood pressure. It then covers the pathophysiology of shock and lists signs and symptoms for diagnosis. Treatment principles are outlined for hypovolemic, distributive, and cardiogenic shock. Resuscitation endpoints and considerations for special patient groups are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Stephen Masengi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Syok: sindrom klinis karena hipoperfusi jaringan yg bikin cellular dysfunction

Hipotensi (harrison): MAP < 60 mmHg pd seseorang yg sebelumnya normotensi


Apley's, masih teraba:
nadi radial: sistol >80 mmHg
nadi femoral: sistol >70 mmHg
nadi karotis: sistol >60 mmHg
no pulse: sistol <60 mmHg
Pato:
- Perdarahan -> vaskular sistemik prioritaskan jantung dan otak
- otot, kulit, GIT -> lebih kekurangan oksigen
- GIT V darah -> ^ absorpsi endotoksin gram negatif -> vasodilatasi, ^ metaboli
sme, depresi jantung
- ginjal -> tahanan arteriol ^ utk kurangi LFG; beserta aldosteron dan vasopres
in V produksi urin

Dx: klinis, hemodinamik, biokimia


1. Klinis: hipoperfusi
- Kulit: sianosis, dingin
- ginjal: UO < 0.5 cc/kg
- neuro: AMS, confusion, dll
2. Hemodinamika: hipotensi arteri
- Sistol < 90
- MAP < 70
3. Biokimia: hiperlaktat (> 1.5 mmol/L)
PP:
- USG IVC: (dewasa)
+ < 1.5 cm -> kolaps
+ > 2.5 cm -> eu/hipervolemi
Sambil insipirasi:
* > 50%: normal/hiper
* 10-50%: hipovolemi
* < 10%: overload
- Swan Ganz kateter
+ < 18: kolaps
+ > 18: eu/hipervolemi

Klasifikasi
Class I:
- up to 750 cc (15%)
- TD N, N <100x, RR 14-20
- UO > 30 cc/h
- Kes slightly anxious
- Kristaloid
Class II:
- 750-1500 cc (30-40%)
- TD N, N 100-120x, RR 20-30
- UO 20-30 cc/h
- Kes mildly anxious
- Kristaloid
Class III:
- 1500-2000 cc (30-40%)
- TD V, N 120-140x, RR 30-40
- UO 5-15 cc/h
- Kes anxious, confused
- Kristaloid dan darah (3:1)
Class IV:
- >2000 (>40%)
- TD V, N > 140x, RR > 35x
- UO anuria
- confused, letargi
- Kristaloid dan darah (3:1)
Estimated blood loss:
BB x 7% x ...% = ... cc
Kaidah 3-for-1 = ... cc yg hilang x 3 = cc yg hilang
Tx: Hipovolemik
A: ETT or ventilasi mekanik
B: Target SaO2 >93%, PaCO2 35-40 mmHg
C:
- Infus ukuran besar, venaseksi bila sulit, monitor jantung, folley, CVP
- Trendelenburg position, kristaloid 20 cc/kg or 1-2 L NS
- No response -> kristaloid 40 cc/kg
- Bila krna perdarahan: transfusi PRC/WB target Hb > 10 g/dL
- Bila krna dehidrasi: NS
Tanda keberhasilan resusitasi awal:
1. TD ^
2. Kesadaran ^
3. Perfusi perifer ^
4. Takikardi V
5. Laktat V
6. pH normal
7. Urin 0.5-1 cc/kg/jam
Tx: Distributif
1. Awal:
a. NS tetes cepat; monitor TD dan tanda overload tiap 500 cc
b. no response -> fase lanjut
2. Lanjut:
a. CVP < 8 mmHg: NS sampai CVP 10-12 mmHg
b. MAP < 65 mmHg: vasopresor
-----------
Tx: (ATLS)
RL or NS bolus
- Adult: 1-2 L
- CHild: 20 cc/kg
Follow up Tx:
UO:
Adult: 0.5 cc/kg/jam
> 1thn: 1 cc/kg/jam
< 1 thn: 2 cc/kg/jam
Kurang dari target: tambah bolus
Keputusan terapetik berdasarkan respon awal:
- Rapid:
+ BP, HR normal
+ tdk perlu bolus; namun perlu crossmatch
- Transient:
+ Naik sebentar, turun lagi; tdk naik smpe normal
+ Mungkin:
= Perdarahan terus menerus
= cardiac tamponade
= tension pneumothorax
+ Tx:
= Transfusi
= required: operasi, kontrol angiografi perdarahan
- non responder:
+ Hipotensi terus & takikardi
+ Mungkin:
= perdarahan masif
= perdarahan intraabdominal
+ Tx:
= Operasi, kontrol eksanguinasi perdarahan
= monitor:
* CVP pada fase lanjut, bila no response to initial tx, target 8-12 mmHg, 12
-15 with ventilator
* USG jantung
Transfusi:
- utk transient responder sediakan yg sama
- utk nonresponder:
+ pake PRC gol O
+ utk wanita pake yg Rh - (menghindari sensitisasi di future)
- bila korban banyak: lebih baik beri gol darah O, supaya tdk tertukar
Komplikasi terapi:
- hipotermi akibat transfusi masif:
+ hangatkan hingga 39^C
- koagulopati (?)
Perhatian khusus:
- usia lanjut:
+ compliance paru, jantung, ginjal menurun
+ resusitasi harus agresif dan monitor dgn baik
- Atlet:
+ respons2 hipovolemi bisa tdk nampak meskipun kehilangan darah nyata
- hamil
+ hipervolemi fisiologis
+ kehilangan darah byk, baru muncul tanda2 syok
- obat2:
+ B bloker, CCB: respon hemodinamik pasien berubah
+ insulin
+ diuretik: hipokalemia
+ NSAID: pengaruhi trombosit
- pacemaker:
+ respon cardiac krna blood loss tdk terjadi

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