FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
STUDENT LABORATORY
GUIDE
NAME OF COURSE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING II
NQF
NQF COURSE
CREDIT QUALIFICATION & SAQA ID
LEVEL CODE
S
Diploma in Electrical
6 12 Engineering.. EEN211T
SAQA ID No.: 49744..
COMPILED BY L.A. Ntsandeni
(2015)
1. WELCOME
Welcome to laboratory session of Electrical Engineering II/ Electrotechnology II. This
following practicals will provide you with application part of the theory in the field
of Electrical Engineering II and is offered via theory and experimental over (13)
weeks. The course is structured in such a way as to master theoretical concepts and
principles and various practical skills to provide a sound foundation complement the
major courses in the qualification and paves the way for more advanced learning We
trust you will enjoy the course, and find it interesting and informative.
2. LABORATORY STAFF
2.1 CONTACT DETAILS
ROOM TEL NO ACADEMIC
NAME CAMPUS
NO E-MAIL FUNCTION
(012) 382 5964
L.A. Ntsandeni Pretoria 6-324G
[email protected] Lecturer
c.za
(012) 382 5031
W.M. Siti Pretoria 6-314 Lecturer
[email protected] (012) 382 5965
Kobus Van
Pretoria
[email protected] Technician(s)
Dyk
.za
2.2 STAFF AVAILABILITY
If, after attending class and making every effort from your side to master content, you
still have problems with understanding key concepts or principles or their application,
lecturers are available for consultation.
Consultation times will be discussed in class.
Students should show that they have done some work before consulting, otherwise
no student will be attended to if they do not show any work.
3. REQUIREMENTS, RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDED
MATERIAL.
3.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE
3.1.1 PRESCRIBED RESOURCES
The following tables indicate what literature and other resources are essential for
successful completion of this course. You are strongly advised to acquire all the
prescribed resources.
PRESCRIBED LITERATURE
CATEGORY AUTHOR NAME PUBLISHER ISBN NO
BOOKS I. McKenzie Electrical & Pearson 0-582-
Smith Electronic Prentice Hall 40519-X
Technology
(HUGHES)
NOTES Lecturers
Notes
PAPERS
OTHER PRESCRIBED RESOURCES
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION WHERE TO COST LEVY
FIND
CALCULATOR Sharp DAL 506 W Bookshops R
200.00
3.1.2 RECOMMENDED RESOURCES
The following recommend resources will enhance your understanding and knowledge
in this course, and you are encouraged to use the following additional resources.
RECOMMENDED RESOURCES
CATEGORY AUTHOR NAME PUBLISHER ISBN NO
BOOKS
1 B.L. Handbook of S. Chand & 81-219-
Theraja & Electrical Company 1473-6
A.K. Technology LTD.
Theraja
2 V.K. Mehta Principles of S. Chand & 81-219-
Power System Company 0594-X
LTD.
3 Robert L. Introductory Pearson 0-13-
Boylestad Circuit Analysis Prentice Hall 048433-4
4 S.J. van Zyl Circuit Analysis Lerato 1-919747-
in Electrical 15-X
Engineering
5 John Bird Electrical Circuit Elsevier / 0-7506-
Theory and Newnes 5784-7
Technology
4. CODE OF CONDUCT
Please take note of the following regulations. These regulations are in addition to the
standard rules and regulations as determined by the TUT. Please familiarise yourself
with the TUT rules and regulations as set out in the student diaries received on
registration.
4.1 ATTENDANCE
Regular attendance of the Electrical Engineering II lectures is of primary importance.
It is the learners responsibility to sign the register each week. A minimum attendance
of 75% is mandatory for all courses including Electrical Engineering II. In a 15 week
semester, 8 classes that have not been attended and for which you have not furnished
a valid doctors letter or other proof of extenuating circumstances, amounts to 25%
absenteeism. This level of absenteeism will lead to exclusion from the final
moderation at the end of the year, which means that you will fail the course and will
have to repeat it the following year.
4.2 LABORATORY, HEALTH & SAFETY RULES AND REGULATIONS
4.2.1. LABORATORY RULES
Students are required to arrived on time for the laboratory sessions
No students will be allowed in the laboratory without the supervision of the
lecturer or lab assistant.
No eating in the laboratory.
After the student has completed a specific experiment, he/she should call a
supervisor, before switching on the equipment.
If a student blows up the Lab equipment, he/she will be required to replace the
specific equipment.
Bags and book cases should be put against the wall in front of the lab
Smoking drinking and eating are strictly prohibited in the lab
Any faulty equipment should e reported immediately to the lecturer or lab
technician.
4.2.2. LABORATORY HEALTH AND SAFERTY RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Student must adhere to the following health and safety rules at all times, and failure to
do so might lead to refusal of access into the lab.
Safety clothing suitable for laboratory environment should be worn at all times.
No person is allowed to switch on any power source without the authority of the
lecturer or lab technician or lab assistant
Any faulty equipment should be reported immediately to the lecturer/lab
technician.
Strong action will be taken against any person who misuse equipment. e.g. other
than for educational purposes.
Strong action will be taken against persons who intentionally/ unintentionally
damage the equipment.
4.2.3. USAGE OF CELL PHONES IN CLASSES
Cell phones should be switched off completely during lab sessions, lecture sessions,
test and examinations. Failure to do so might lead to dismissal from that specific
session.
4.3 RESPONSIBILITIES OF STUDENTS
It is your responsibility to make a success of learning in this course. To this end you
are encouraged to attend class, write set tests and hand in your assignments/projects
on the set due dates.
5. EXPERIMENTS
5.1. EXPERIMENT NO 1
Purpose
To determine the relationship between current, voltage and power, in a
purely resistive,
purely capacitive and a
purely inductive circuit.
Circuit
Loads:
A W
A
~ V L A
VT = 220V
Measured Values and Calculations
Theoretical Calculations
Additional tasks:
Sketch the waveforms for each of the loads.
Phasor diagrams
5.2. EXPERIMENT NO 2
Purpose
To study the voltage and current relationships in simple series RLC circuits.
Circuit
Vin = 220V
Loads:
A W
1
V V
~
2
V L V V
3
V V
4
V V V
Theoretical Calculations MEASURED VALUES
1. Sketch the waveforms for each of the loads.
Phasor diagrams
5.3. EXPERIMENT NO 3
Purpose
To improve the power factor of a simple inductive circuit.
The students must calculate the power factor of the circuit
After construction of the circuit, measurements must be taken
Then the student must improve the theoretical power factor to 0.7lagging by
calculating the value of the necessary capacitor. And put the capacitor in the
circuit and do measurements.
Circuit
VT = 220V A W
~
Correct-
V ing Loa
Capaci- d
tor
Measured Values
Theoretical Calculations
Phasor diagrams
5.4. EXPERIMENT NO 4
Purpose
The aim of this experiment is to establish the validity and applicability of different circuit
network theorems in a practical environment, by comparing actual results and theoretical
results.
APPARATUS
1. 9V dc power supply
2. 6V dc power supply
3. 6 fixed resistors
4. 2 x 1K variable resistors
5. Multimeter
6. Leads
Circuit Diagram 1
R1 R3 R5
150 220 180
+ V1 R2 R4 RL
9V 290 100 680
For the circuit diagram 1
Use Loop analysis to calculate the currents in all resistors.
Measure the currents across all the resistors.
CALCULATED MEASURED
RESISTOR CURRENT VOLTAGES CURRENT VOLTAGES
150
290
220
100
180
680
CONCLUSION:
2. Use Thevenin and Norton:
to calculate the voltages and currents across all the resistors.
Do actually measurement across the different resistors
Also show the THEV equivalent circuit and the NOR equivalent .circuits
CALCULATED MEASURED
Resistor VTH IN VL IL VL IL
150
290
220
100
180
680
CONCLUSION:
R1 R3 R5
150 220 180
+ V1 R2 R4 V2
9V 290 100 6V
+
For circuit diagram 2
Use Nodal analysis to fill up the table below.
CALCULATED MEASURED
RESISTOR CURRENT VOLTAGES CURRENT VOLTAGES
150
290
220
100
180
680
CONCLUSION:
For circuit diagram 2
Use Superposition theorem to fill up the table below.
CALCULATED MEASURED
RESISTOR CURRENT VOLTAGES CURRENT VOLTAGES
150
290
220
100
180
680
CONCLUSION:
After comparing the practical measurements and the theoretical methods, explain if the
theoretical circuit network analysis is applicable on a practical environment, and if not state
why.
5.5. EXPERIMENT NO 5
Three-phase systems and Power measurement in three-phase.
Purpose:
The aim of the experiment is to make student get acquainted with three-phase systems
connection as well as power measurement in three-phase systems.
Apparatus:
Three-phase load (lighting or motor).
380V three-phase ac power supply.
Voltmeters.
Ammeters.
Wattmeters.
Leads.
Circuit Diagrams:Star-connection:
Delta-connection:
Methods:
Connect the circuit as in the diagram.
- Star load
- Delta load
Using a variable supply to adjust the voltage until the supply voltage is 380 V for Star
load.
Measure the current, voltage and power and record them in the table 1.1 provided
below.
Repeat the test by connecting the Delta load and adjust the supply voltage to 220 V
for Delta load.
Record the results on the table 1.2 provided below.
Readings:
Star-Connection
P1
P2
Iline 1 and Iphase 1
Iline 1 and Iphase 1
Iline 1 and Iphase 1
V1
V2
V3
P(Total)
Delta Connection
P1
P2
I1
I2
I3
V1
V2
V3
P(Total)
Assignment:
Compile a report for the experiment.
For both Star and Delta connections, determine the total power, power factor, line
currents, phase currents, line voltages, and phase voltages
5.6. EXPERIMENT NO 6
Step-up and step-down Transformers.
Purpose:
The aim of the experiment is analyse the current and the voltages of a transformer (Both step
up and step-down)
Apparatus:
Single-phase transformer (1000 VA, 250 V / 110 V) or (1000 VA, 220 V / 110 V).
Variable ac power supply.
Voltmeters.
Ammeters.
Leads.
Circuit Diagrams:
Methods:
Obtain the parameters of the transformer (from the nameplate).
o VA (Rating) =
o V1 =
o V2 =
Connect the transformer as in the diagram; connect the supply to the high-voltage side
and 1K on the low voltage side.
Using a variable supply to adjust the voltage until the supply voltage is 220 V or 250
V.
Measure the current, voltage and record them in the table provided below.
Repeat the test by supplying the voltage on the low-voltage side and connecting the
resistor on the high voltage side of the transformer.
Record the results on the table provided below.
Readings:
High-voltage side
V1
I1
I2
V2
Low-voltage side
V1
I1
V2
I2
Assignment:
Compile a report of the results from the above experiments.
Determine the full load efficiency of the transformer based on the measured results.
The report should contain the following: introduction/background theory, test method,
test results, conclusion based on the above experiments.
6. GUIDELINES ON COMPILING A REPORT FOR EACH EXPERIMENT
The Following headings must be included in the report:
THE PURPOSE
The purpose of the experiment must be discussed under this heading, underlining what the
student what to achieve by doing the following experiment.
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND THEORY
The necessary background theory only relevant to the experiment must be discussed under
this topic. For example, if the student is talking about power factor improvement, the student
must include the following relevant theories
What is the purpose of power factor improvement
The student must also show understanding of what is power factor improvement all about.
Why is it necessary to improve the power factor
What are the advantages and disadvantages of power factor improvement
Practical examples of where power improvement can be applied
Relevant diagrams, where necessary
Etc.
The background theory must be such that even a person who does not understand electrical
engineering principles must have an idea what the student is talking about.
EQUIPMENT
List of equipment the students is going to use for the experiment
METHOD
The student must explain step-by-step, how he is going to do the experiment, and how he is
going to use the equipment as listed above in this experiment
RESULTS
Student must write down the results as displayed from the measuring equipment
OBSERVATION
Student must write down exactly what he observed when comparing the calculated results
and the measured result, any discrepancies, similarities, etc. everything that he observes when
doing the experiment.
DISCUSSION/ ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
Student must analyse the results from what has been observed, and discuss it under this
heading, stating exactly what is causing the factors that he had observed. NB: The student is
not allowed to use guess work, but the student might have to research where necessary the
causes of the things that he observed in the experiment that he is busy with.
CONCLUSION
Students will have to state what has been achieved through this experiment and if the purpose
of the experiment has been achieved, if so the student will have to motivate why they say so,
if not the student will also have to state why they say so. Under this heading they will also
have to state if the practical complements the theory part of the experiment, with valid
motivation of their conclusion.
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