An equation invelving a function of One ox more independant Yervab Lo and its Jarttal derivatives 1% known a4 a partiat didzerentiad equation » | jHore Usually, and y Loell bo taker, oA ‘tha independ Lent yortabsur and ~ as the, dependant tetas x= fry) and we erpe The Notation a ORe_ Kz on P - oy 5 7 seeye =e. Det } en dartivadive. appeort un gee equadt on, “The | | dagsee of ao DE fs Dae posltry® tnbegrot power Lio which. the highest preter davwetive Us aired. | cS PDE OZ Kees 5 wy oe a ORG = XL | pirst ardor Piast daqnee we wk 2 BRBY ~ Sete axe i6 a@ Second coder first chegnee PDE- Q ~ (Ca) = GS a est order Second degree PDE. AR| "Formation of POE by ellmmeding anbitvamy constants | bt «Pony. ab =0 —— © dea selatry | Cortauning Q independent variables RY , dopemdont $WIO anbitrany constants @ and b Ce eT The nolation © poskiolty wath xesped Enromadting a and 6 fxm satin O @ £@ | Wwe obtain an cuction of the Foww lo Ox Oz | a f 5 x BE No johich Ls a Fizst onder PDE. | | | ) | Form a PDE by elteninatrng tu onbitrary constants akh | “Poor the melation Oz = cay + cy 6 | Srygerentiating the guen aslation poxttally wrt X fy [eer 3 pee a dee — oz t oe ara ay gma = ‘ _ t > ua 16 (4,)> u a 16 CP m = tft. 1.) 1 41 = Ae | eee Cass Cas tee| t one oie 2)| Fama. POE by elimmating the arbitrary constants a and 6 from Thee? 7a Lo bly- gi2027 >> z-a § leg bty-d — tog} ABE This partially wet x RY we gut, ez OL o a a Oz Se Sa = COS ca a b a a) $ BGEn jae cy 8 => 10m = cy >
Ba ee Oe 2 2 a a ee eS 8 ee Omcca? Bhis pastiatly wrt mh, Se 2 SQ#)* Re a* \ Dr Aaa —® Puc foom @ , ieee BZ oes Me ste, Gis xX Ox Prom @ 2 @O.- ZRz a/my> Oo BL (a er ie this is Dhe vequived PDE - Forma PDE by ead Ahe aabitorary functtm f from the notation 2= £CAinz + cosy) Ditterenti ating pontially wrt % ky We Gt oe = Paina +aasy) » Cos % we $' CAINY +@4Y) + Co ain y cae aol plan mt > Festina +049) = a SL amy ar D> (sig 2 + Gos 2% =0 om “Oy This 3b BAe gequiraed PDE— a) x2 eV sexy) —O@ be Se = eM fi cx —y)-7 —@ | oa = es g' cx -Y cy + me fex-¥) @ | Using © 46@ sr @. ee ers eee => 92 4,22 = By So +22 =mz wx 7 Oy a z= 4) % (2) (E- BR} © %-1Qie-2 ele Frou © &® (%) - qty = L) CH) Gre (*72\(2%)} (Hz) (1 -C1DC%)} = or -3 sa “TAU is tha aoquinad PDE, wy a) Fama PDE by clara Ake arb gunc? _p Re pelation aty+z= f CO ye +2?) Past (yx + Cx) Suny= aged yas OO = dz Sc = Fey pao 3 BE ax dic + Hen) —E 2% gw +¥'0) —G Sateeeeting fer dy kD in ©. Oz 1 6 te ee é ag 4 ay f &% -#9 } ae _ xd 3 4 Dxiy 7 x Be + USs — [afenty pod] Cserg © =, wz 385 =e + -Z 2 forma PDE Bon = = Plxrat) + Cx-ak) | tet w+ab=u , x-of =v —a@a | => z= Few + lv) —s8 BZ acu) O& ' Ba OEE POD BY leu + h'Cv) Oe ' ee = Picuyyt 4 pw) BY = = ew+y'ww) —&@ ms | 32 -afe'cw ow) | ok i ae a6" cuy+ oO} —G Fron B&G iar _ we Fa = = 342joive BZ = wy godject to the conifiont 22a | ou . & 22 Gi gee Gren & (%)= %3 axl oy on gnteqnoting wrt %- ne obtaun mw 8 Sue) IntepohG vost y, WE obtain ze =r Fey) + oe —@ Enen *C1-D = cosy cosy E+ Fe HIF? panting thre pO we obtaw — ee + oF poe _p erloe) + FCO) 6 Soe a ce BE + oye tt a é ee atSov, BH az, y=, gee ana BZ an 3 5° ¥ Te z ds atunction of y alone. then | | | | | wrecks Alowady thew in other moles 2) Solve ry’ =) x = (logy) Clog + Sse) ay +4m = (lop) (leg w+ £08) +9 ex) derivates Wit fence g RE iryetng, oniy one coe ee ee Sy) eB 48% = qaty3- | Br Bx ay a wviten an gy AZ Oz 3 | SS 4 Se = Fk dat du “y D Sowe thr eg® Wz 2% 49x70 given that 8x2 TOK zac bk BA 20 win 1H © Sones as a fun onty x, hove PPE canhe“Given eq” may be pur an The Yor | oy -—Qapr2dz =O phew Dd ae =. ot amt? =O ne ma REVUE 2 ei | <2 | => z=XCrprcoant B Aina) —@® ay = eX CA Car dB Binws +eXxCAsena + Boo) = & Septnd are + (BAD 2In? ws vera guver concliftons peed b Be -A--e!3 geet (2 wrx —e 4inay = Cease aro ._ = eo 2) Solve the e a3 op ae oe ae Wer 3 oe xe) mhen Y=O | Ay SS | Setting Se ee eee fue HY ° | => (p2+4)v =o hae D=Ze | REL mwme+4u=0 | => 9 = Acmry + BAIN 2y © | $a wort Y we get we Beaingy — G cmsay re | 9 |fuu_ ALB. G ane end wwitramy, Bune op X. Frm @ | aS = -QAAINAY + QB @sy —W) Given uno Be an & ae when y =o | | Ueeng these condition , OF “Bre 6 EA 2-1 = 2B Aa=x, B= tO8®-D- CH- | oad, Putting ‘there n@, we gm sinay + 4, CAD C1 Cor 2y) OS the maguined ot) .| | “| Deawation of one olimensionat Loave €9” —— Consiour a texibue_stong tightly stretched bho two Pinek Potnts ak a distance L apart. bet & be the amass per wnt Length of the Atring « hob Ls arseunea fee clade a CD) The tension T of tne atring Bame tlaoughowt - CV) “The evtect of gravity can, be ignored. due sto large tension T: CHD The anoktan of the string is in Amol eransveue yiboations « het Vs consider the Borces acting On a Smott element AB Laurgih ox. . 4 hoe T, & Tg be She tensions ak ths pomnts Af & B Since thers is no Moetio) tn hte hovixonat ection. |-the honzontas components T kT, Must cont | | Coch other » da whew & & B owe oa an gis rrads by T @ 7 | hith be homzontal. COS X = Ty CAP RT 2Vertcal component gy tensimane —T, AN KR (7g ANB, Where the ve Aign is used because 1, As directed downwands, Hence Are nesittantr yoreo acting vertically uptoands Af “Ty inp — 7 in ~ | Applying Newt A second law a) Motion. Force = Mars x accelerott an SS a as Ge C8 Sx) aa Coxe us the anars of De elermnt portton AR “second covvative wre ‘t! prepress acceleration. | | Dividing ‘travoughout by T we have. 73. te = Bu 2h ane - ain & oe See (But gome® Tot, Ta 7 COR C04 [3 BOR _ AL 2k gy Re COA cod x — Bee = S sx Bu _— * oe S = tonp— tan & = (Bur tanB & tan < Acprsernt Tht Alopers ak ce AC srospecteve tyaaa ag; Bie & tan of eGaek | Now © becomer | | | | (Ce -(2) = Lan Se erie OW, Bet limit ars dx—o we have, laa Dividing Suk ea Gr ude -(8), On + Se " 20 Buk the LHS 4 notkeng bub He dorivarive of 2 [mt -z esding £ as constant, | | | 9 | & ROR Re [Hone Bu ~ § Bae gp Bu _ a ote - + ate ete e Bw “Peroting 76 by ch use gut | | Dm pa Ok = BE eaten ae eg This Ja fhe ware eg? dn one dimension,Derivation of one. - dimonsionak heat eq Ch) Heat }tows Prom a higher Lemp toa Pen on eter ta in a body Js poopet (3) The nate of sional to “the arr & lgo tun onan thon The constant of prroporttonasi ty (K) Ss called) -the “thanmal conductivity Consider & homnogentouk bor of comat ana A. ana K be the heat por acewors an anta t& >| fo “tla temp gradient novel | kok @ bo We dersity. 3B bo The Aspect serasrnot conductivity of the material» tue have the totiowing laws In respect of heat flow , tower temp: onal to tts port cris ~ 4eCHonal yee heat | hor spa sida bs Wriulated 50 that Yor stngae 11S of beak {loro ane posottol and penpendictar sto the ane. Ay Lat one end of jt bar be taten as the orig 0 0 | tee dtnection of heat flow be the postive x-abis| { | bat Raul be the temp of the slab ata distance % Gorvsiaerr an element ap bar bits the planes PARS & Pale's! | Lat x be the change dn temp in a Alar of tAclerens | ak o olistarce % & atdr Prom the end 0, Dx of athe barn. Hone the nate of INowarse ay heat tb p= (He4 Sa) —® Ty Ry Ls the more of Injtobo a hoot & Ry tS The sate oy out flow of neat we have ou Rr = —raLs & Ro= KA leet oho dhe —Vve Algp ds dun 0 empirical (aw ® Hono we hae from een) | R= Re —Ro ut - ek Bu — fA => Ag 454 Se = KA =a) . oe) Meio, ——|-| | ar =e | eyde 2 « (PS : Ne Sa) - ~ a St ga BK nite [eI ~*~) —© Sx Taxing Limit as Ox 0, RHS of © +4 equal to KO Be gs Bur Fanthonr een o= oa ithe Li Ga A UALEY af The substance. © os | e ate HL 2 wo UW = Pye | This cs one-dimensional beak eq”- | | A 101 | Yariour possible solutions of he ae — AIM Iime ave] | ~ | eq? tye = rUaa DY Lhe method 9 Bepoxation 0} | | | Nyartabter yey be Ue Bol” QR ef 5 Ran _ eVar er 2 er dX dt aes |od by CXT | a» 1 Mr . 1 dK | Or ot ag? | Souating both Aids to a common Constant k we have , | td , & dr | mde Ot are | | Co*—ky x =O Cp% 0%) T=0 | p= a aa oe 2 ak (Cael; par =o In both the equations Ae 43 yt =o». W=O-0 | Soutions aw given by X =Corqve™ & T=Grene ie . So we = (r+ G2) Costus) Case Ci j | => Py =0 & DT -=o | | | | | | | | | | Lab bbe HY nay, kK = HPP | “The eg becorne Cox 20 & Creat) THe 3 = oe w= Pp de yw? = pr x tae, gs) Ta ehh oP| | Here @he solution of the one 2s gon by : | | | wexr= Cel els Ghat) caer ag ad | Case Citi) + ber k be 8, say Ke pr | > Corspy x =o & (Corre T=0 | | | pes wet+p? =0 OS a ele Bw me ric Sauttors ane + x = CG cos pr + Gh Ain pa)! T= (Cleo pt + AIP) Note! Sowstton obtained Jin Ae care Ci) Los ebeadted t i . We A considaned as Unt bogitting [ suitable Aol” Lo A? BNP connected wrth one dimensional Wave Gy" a ste so! pnvolver periodic feure™ so” of the One-—-A waut eg” por aye bagtetng owing BViPs wh UCL. = CH cos pa B am px) CC casipt + Dames) Heat &9™* — > same a that of Mae: cose Ci) WOOt = AnH8 comet) ur) = PEC pH emo EPP core (iii) UCL ED ECE CO cox pr + BAIN PO)Deubee by Triple Tntegrats Consider a func? £ouy) of Pre inctepencent yasuabler | Ex, yd Ayined ak each pont wn the finite aragion | Roof dhe xy plone. Divide R into elerrentany areas SA, -§Ag,-- SAn- MIE CX Yy) bE ANY point Lothén the th elementary anta SAy- Consider the sum| Foy) SA, oh $reg Ua) BRatre + HFC YAY FMy = é $y 4) BP The disriet of tris 8ury 4 gr exists. Qs the numberof ubdivision Inviases Incyinitely & awa is Aopined as the op couch Sub dwigior decroases tO Zen? , double anteqrat of Pix, y) overt the ougion Rand tf | | | | | | | | | | | | | aopined as [( fory) dA = Je P Oe By) S Ay | . bR 0 » Xy are coratants , Cid) wohen y,.y, are fane™ of x & % Pom y) da grarst integrated woot y ee x feved b)y Jamis YY. & then nao expreMslan is intespoted lost oe Wither DAL timits yy _ OP | eg ft { { Beng) dy | A & vice veua mu A eee | bh Sr) : | T |5 tan lohan both Lat pairs of Limits cow constant, the | nagton of Entegnation as =. Ain® ¥ COA® ar 36 = ene, (6 Poryyaxdy = Co $v a v Aw Ao R eB He -@ ja the negion in which Cr, 6) vary ous (x.y) Nosy 4D RR, \ D Erauate Te wteyrak I = {( (cae x oly Over te 132 -Hy® 4° quactrant bounced by tht clrle ottyt = ja rm, aeal CIO! ©: o>, 7 ry td polar coms a C= an os 3 Ca momce - Soe tai” de Very vw On madtiplying & Uvicing by vr | ae a7 +4} |milf ol ails | Change of order af integration >| By changing wie odes of Integration oF A se 2 "S.sin px | dxdy, how that Ain eX = phows the I AGP an =, a be on be. ( oY oa dy = 5 7 6 3 @ 7 sinex dxdy 3 is E*Y sinpaar? dy we Sy a = 4 (a (pcos PH td ay 2 oO o “fate “feral -m e On changing Uns creas off, j a0 “ ee aYdy 1d ¥ | x SoM ain pate yy 75 vain { ¢ e | oy Oo © en PX a (ain me) ES ax =f 5 2 : —® From © &®©, CP ar me dx 2%, > oO6 ww dv ldo: = sf j\w-f! ? © Al Setting et th tT enteprat & eH = 8 inte _Bseoamd one , 1%, ' re aCiate iy (! 3 paS ee Je} 46 _ me a! \ = § fa aes'el + crrex) || 40 ° v My, <5 J CE) EDS HOD ° 2) | evatucte ({ sine dr do , hoe R sa the region bounded Rg by the condivid 7 = a Ci—-CosO) abave Tt initial lint. 8:0—eo rT: 0— ao C1-cose) Sf vw sine dd ® R a ali-cose) \ > AIN® aed eO i} ve,Some move pryobiame ong —>foxtial Oivtenntial Squations 8 Form tht PPE by et constant from )) z sax by bart+b? — a=P bits O porttally wrt gy, m mw os a => b=0 sunesturieg there in GL X= pxrqy 4+ pg? | D) Cr-adst4- Cy Bd ay geact —O | O44 2 poodio Ly Lost ocr -as 1-22 =o =s Cx-O =—-ZP Dit O pacttally wot Y_ 2CY-D + axq =O => (y= -27 Substitutt in © 3 . zip? +2%q> +27 =e? 27 2 (é pr4qe y=By Cx-adt 4 cy—b>® = Zeot?y aGy Diy D wrt % (parutatly) Bly a) = dz pcotry Bee Lip @2 pasttally wet Y- Aly-b) = Aq corey wl (@) becomes: - Z2QReotly 4 22q2 colley = 2 oot®< => C2 +4?) cot®@wy = | => Pr4q® = tan®ay U) Find the Aigpesontial equation of all Spharws tired rods 3 heeang tran contros Un Te ~Y — plane. Eqn np a Bphow ben 4 cantze tn the WY — plane ub = 32 Bhow giver bY (way + Cy —bY> 4¢z-0y~ Carb,o) i te antre and 3 is the xadins, SS Ca at + ty 2427 =F —O Ay woot w & y partially | Aa) +azps0 & Qty) +Axq =o> Cray = zp & Cyt = 74 NT there th © zp +. (-2g)® +28 = 94 => =? Cp4+ qh +D0=9 6. Find the ditgesanttal equation of alt Apherrs whose centres Lie an the x-axts- Lok contre be (0-0-6) 1 cartre Le on zoanld & x be the vadins. mise ME ee gpa ds eR EYEE CRO” = = AYO partially wrt ® - Ax + ACZ-OP =O > zc —%Y/p a) Lyyz O pantatly wot y- ay + alx-Oq eo = ae 4 —® From @ & @_ Up = Wq => Py -qur =o ]| funtiteonn Som: N | Z= POR Yy2) —O | Dixy parciatty root A> Any @ pastiady wet y, Frm @ &3) oe 2 | P= ay Qx > D w= yhoo +2964) —O Alby @ porttally wot x, PY HEL =O p= BE TD aw, —® es “pootany gic) —& Litxs @ ~_— Jed enact by ry . => mys pr-% gD +4 CY —Y flr) => mA = pare -zZ B)) ZS FOA+y% + ary | | Sig wrt ky ponttally — P= SH). oH . ao one in the Other ol pe (235 |: aat! => pygx = yx “Pom The pookial egerak DE by Sera the abitaeny P= Hoey)2a—@ 4 = Plorryrr2y—@ La Socttys) By 47 B= FOG = P-9Q) 4 37 —— using | | | | |ay z= BPD rey —O p= arf Hyge@ by Any © pardiathy tort a = 22 8tey> ray gCLyBby ayy @ porkatly woty: | AR @ rposttautty Llormt yo PZ og axtiap rayg'a) Ody -a p —anhey > 4= aa[% | tay 7 oe AS = Bay — rye goo + ayx? p— urdy dey) = aeyr = aayre t Qyx>p — Urry [Zz] uasirg@ = aya = | Lpatay —az) BD L= FO+ agen) a) Di wrt wo and y respectively P= sex) +e gt =) qQ= gee —@ | OY @ wt 2 ky and G) wet-y | we = Peay ved gal — A dee eo ae) t= a a —@ Pow &@. T= * a | oe oe Lhe roguined PDEon a ee ae XE RGA +A —O 2B From O. p= Blety) ett ony) +4 xy) Gh x8 Oy) + 4y Coty) & gecond orcin pantial derivatives PHD ERAN OLE) F ROHY +4" Ooty) oS B= fcr) +x9,"Co + £' Ory) 4 eo 24H! Oty) +f" Crty) r= ae ty +t — 6) & A= Birr +e —B) | Bubatituh > f/ (ety) = 2-§ oe bees ei Tt Bk = w—-agp+t =6 5 Bz _ 2 ee _ MZ A OB Sao OoSolve the Bollovoing equations + x ) 2% 2 & on ay Zi 7h hot ws solve trY by divect integration : alae, with nespect to % , sreating y as aconstank SE par + SW cr) ~ 2y S4 wort 4g - Puating ak & COPNON = ae 2E tg. any + Fly) + gd Z) 2 ody = cos Cax+3y) 53 wot , Heating y os Q constant. 4 . Seay ~ A t) GF ort HK, donut y ana const, 4 OF cos(2r434) ay — yw + Fy) %& zy) $3 vost y as een zo = — 4 C2434) — ht FLyt +4 + $0)D Solve Bag =x. gis that whan yao K=et & BEL ftaed _ goo & °, a ay Suppore = 18% function of y only -then Wwe have dt ey x — = = — am DB =+S4 aye Z => (D2-) z=0 ay APE: awk) =o wat! z= e%raQes geen 9” wb a PDEL BI Z= Feare® +g cares 2 ohun Given 7y =o > weer eX= $2) gen) —6& 3 ag OZ = Given SZ Let a Fo s* gen ger) —® hen Yy =o Pow @ &@- aga) = et+e™ a 2 Fo = M+E™ = 208% a => gow = Ainhr ¥ 290% = es —E* ee ' ea . PF ge coshred + ZINKLE4)| Solve by “the eenuthod oj _sepeaation of vaniables T py +k =o: DH yd - BH. R=! OK Ey ee Qu | 2M = tpt | 1 | (tb Ly ioe ar 2 On 7 oy | = vy x ou . a oe . Ou Ry? 9 fee ee) eee pequiroc Solution: 38 ee + oe axtso TRE ye et a! AX | VS ON = aa Me oe | oe oe ! | Ke Ge Sys ay | J | ! | zo AK . fe ey | Kar Ga =k . es ay =k | | ae | | te Be | $8 bop athe sicker| —— a a ae te +k) = bg Y= YY ny ke ky 4 xa Bc, 5 yH eB th oS fs Required Aol” rss | U=CQe-e = Ge” | —_=— Doudse and Tripte Tnte D> @vobroste the integra. " { yrayd 1 SY agrayan = ey dx = (4 (arden i v L = = 2¢ [un cake , (4% = 13 | Evaluate 6" ve é J GAty®) dy dx = Ses “sy am = Serco +29(5P Fs ' - 2 By dg (0 2), an {e* a) = Wy - +s ~ 42 = 00857 wD)w Evaluate Sf cary)? da dy pone ee ty tha ellipse 2 ey oy fete be ‘ Lode year cso. y=br AINO (o-b) |G tte ellipse transtorms to Gas) $s nr =) woth © tn [O. arr) ‘a.0) x Ox Co,-b6) Dacobtan OCx4) _ [ar a ace} ay ind on, Oy oy e) a baone bo co = Oboe Hanes (Voxtyytda dy aur 0 a 5 f (ow wsotbrame) , aby dv ds 6=0 y=0 ba . = ap | ( wy2(acose tb 4iNG) dx do Co oT ear Ca cose tb Aineyrde * § v3 ar O=0 =O ' = a "(orcoste 4 blaine +20b C046 4108) do- (ej : ou @=0 ° = ob Oe = OP ("a2 C1 40426) +2 (C0828) rob Anas] do ro 2 n a [e®co+/ spnie) ee pe x20] Ob (oR. an + ane Cob? fab) Tab > Cates) Ver [ast ny changing pucrderg P| | Bs aetry® °3 ! e “SM age —Seegadyh at | = FT ag: = x} domay = ie "OF ed) sand = J (< “ee ? |e ety lo: 4 a = , 5 (net net ena] Pay e ~ §é bog} — 4 -Y + logy —£+gte-') oy 1 e = SCympy ay logy tes) ay 1 el 2 fo, _ 2+ ylopy-S rey) = (tog 4. 9S ~fe gay 3 4 Vy | a PH (2) = (Av ene et | +! = & - 2 +1 At) 6 hin bn ene oy = & 2. +O oe (eX se+h} 1g] u = 1 [er-ee+) 4a | ame aus ee Evaluate § a . nw az do dd | 6 o We aAin® ae a =§ v(zJ ds do °o 6 ° ™ a ain ao =f ( [=] de. dO ° oe 7 YY, a sin® at \ (= _ x4 j fol 2 y ° ° 7a, Soe § OY giro — a4 sinte] ao = u