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Packet Processing Part 2

This document provides an overview of packet processing steps for CCENT students. It discusses how routers determine the next hop and build layer 2 frames to forward packets. Routers use their routing tables to look up the destination IP address and determine the next hop. They then use the appropriate layer 2 protocol, such as ARP for Ethernet or encapsulation for serial links, to build the frame and send the packet out the correct interface. For multi-router networks to function properly, routing protocols or static routes are required so routers can share information and build complete routing tables.

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26 views2 pages

Packet Processing Part 2

This document provides an overview of packet processing steps for CCENT students. It discusses how routers determine the next hop and build layer 2 frames to forward packets. Routers use their routing tables to look up the destination IP address and determine the next hop. They then use the appropriate layer 2 protocol, such as ARP for Ethernet or encapsulation for serial links, to build the frame and send the packet out the correct interface. For multi-router networks to function properly, routing protocols or static routes are required so routers can share information and build complete routing tables.

Uploaded by

vijay6996
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

R&S CONCEPTS 101

PACKET PROCESSING STEPS


For CCENT STUDENTS

PART II

Reviewing Part 1 is helpful but not necessary.


[Link]
Summary
Because PC 1 is connected to switch via Ethernet cable, PC1 had to figure it out MAC
address of default gateway before building and sending frames out.
Destination IP is PC2 IP address, Source IP is PC1 IP, Destination MAC is Router1 f0/1
MAC, and Source MAC is PC1 MAC address. In other words, Layer 2 addressing is
represented by MACs and Layer 3 addressing is represented by IP addressing.
Routers are also connected by Ethernet so they also must have ARP to IP info in their
caches.
In Part 1, we had only one Router. There was not much routing performed. Router
knows about its directly connected networks and if those are UP UP with IP addresses,
Rotuer puts them into his routing table.
The Essence

Now with 2 or more routers, each time Router gets packet, reads it and looks for
destination IP, if Destination IP is in the routing table, gets next hop info; and builds layer
2 frames accordingly. If destination is via Ethernet, does ARP thing and sends out (our
example). If destination is via Serial link, builds frame without any ARP resolution
process. If destination IP is on Frame-relay link, looks in frame-relay mapping for DLCI
address.
In case of 2 and more routers, Routers need static routes or routing protocols
configured so that they can share info about their networks (local and remote) and build
their routing tables accordingly.
The Key
Routing is performed at Layer 3 in OSI model. It does not matter what Layer 2
protocols we have at layer 2. Once outgoing interface is known, router will use
appropriate layer 2 protocol to build frame to send packets out.
If a router has an Ethernet interface UP and UP and with IP address, it will put its MAC
and IP address in ARP cache (show arp).
Layer1 - Wires and cables
Layer 2 - Ethernet or HDLC or PPP or Frame relay
Layer 3 - IP addressing and routing tables;
For more detailed protocols per OSI layers (top right table) go to
[Link]

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