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Unit 6 Living Things

Living things are defined as animals, plants, fungi and microbes. They are composed of organic biomolecules like carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids. An optical microscope contains an illuminator, stage, objective lenses, focusing knobs and eyepiece to view cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Cells can be unicellular like paramecium or multicellular like humans composed of trillions of cells. Living things obtain nutrients through autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition and energy through cellular respiration. They interact with their environment through movement, stimuli, sense organs and response. Reproduction can occur asexually through budding or sexually through meiosis and fertilization

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1K views32 pages

Unit 6 Living Things

Living things are defined as animals, plants, fungi and microbes. They are composed of organic biomolecules like carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids. An optical microscope contains an illuminator, stage, objective lenses, focusing knobs and eyepiece to view cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Cells can be unicellular like paramecium or multicellular like humans composed of trillions of cells. Living things obtain nutrients through autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition and energy through cellular respiration. They interact with their environment through movement, stimuli, sense organs and response. Reproduction can occur asexually through budding or sexually through meiosis and fertilization

Uploaded by

Alberto Díaz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1. What is a living thing?

Animals, plants, fungi and microbes are all living


things or living beings.

Organic Biomolecules
Some biomolecules are exclusive to living things. They are
known as organic biomolecules.
These are: carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids.

Inorganic molecules
Inorganic biomolecules are found in the living things
and in the non-living things.
The two main inorganic molecules found in the living
things are:

Modern microscopes
Parts of an optical microscope:
1. ILUMINATOR: a simple bulb that
provides light to observe the sample.
2. STAGE: whre the samples are
placed.
3. OBJECTIVE LENSES: they magnify
the sample's image.
Usually we find a 10, 50 and 100
magnifications.
4. FOCUSING KNOBS: to help focus
the sample's image.
There are two: a fine focusing knob and
a coarse fosucing knob.
5. EYEPIECE: where the observer
stands hias or her eyes.

What are cells?

How is a cell organised?

Typical animal cell

Unicellular organisms

Paramecium

Amaeba

Vorticella

Diathomea

Pluricellular organisms

Pluricellular organisms examples

Tardgrade (less than 40,000 cells)

Fungi
(4 million cells)

Humans
(3 billion cells)

Two basic types of cells

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

Two basic types of eukaryotic cells


Animal cells

Two basic types of eukaryotic cells


Plant cells

How do living things feed?


All living things, both unicellular and multicellular, grow,
repair damaged parts and reproduce. To do so, they need
matter and energy.

Nutrition is the set of processes which


enable living things to obtain the matter
and energy they need.
These processes are:

These materials obtained from the


food are called NUTRIENTS

Two types of nutrition


AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION

.
S
V
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

.
S
V

How do living things obtain energy?


Living things get the energy they need for all the vital functions
by burning organic biomolecules, specially glucose
(carbohydrates).
This process is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION and it takes
place in the mitochondrion. Respiration requires nutrients and
oxygen and produces water, carbon dioxide and energy.

How do living things interact with their


environment?

MOVEMENT

STIMULI

SENSE
ORGANS

NERVOUS
SYSTEM

RESPONSE

(animals)
GROWING
(plants)

A STIMULI is any change in the environment


that can be perceived by the living things.

How do living things reproduce?

Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction (2)

Asexual reproduction in
unicellular organisms and
single cells

Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction (2)

Biological cycle
The biological cycle represents the series of changes
a living thing goes through in its life. It can be
summarised as:

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